Mercurial > luasocket
annotate doc/mime.html @ 0:4b915342e2a8
LuaSocket 2.0.2 + CMake build description.
author | Eric Wing <ewing . public |-at-| gmail . com> |
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date | Tue, 26 Aug 2008 18:40:01 -0700 |
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" |
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2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> |
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3 <html> |
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4 |
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5 <head> |
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6 <meta name="description" content="LuaSocket: MIME support"> |
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7 <meta name="keywords" content="Lua, LuaSocket, MIME, Library, Support"> |
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8 <title>LuaSocket: MIME module</title> |
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9 <link rel="stylesheet" href="reference.css" type="text/css"> |
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10 </head> |
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11 |
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12 <body> |
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13 |
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14 <!-- header +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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15 |
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16 <div class=header> |
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17 <hr> |
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18 <center> |
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19 <table summary="LuaSocket logo"> |
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20 <tr><td align=center><a href="http://www.lua.org"> |
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21 <img width=128 height=128 border=0 alt="LuaSocket" src="luasocket.png"> |
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22 </a></td></tr> |
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23 <tr><td align=center valign=top>Network support for the Lua language |
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24 </td></tr> |
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25 </table> |
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26 <p class=bar> |
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27 <a href="home.html">home</a> · |
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28 <a href="home.html#download">download</a> · |
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29 <a href="installation.html">installation</a> · |
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30 <a href="introduction.html">introduction</a> · |
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31 <a href="reference.html">reference</a> |
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32 </p> |
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33 </center> |
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34 <hr> |
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35 </div> |
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36 |
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37 <!-- mime +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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38 |
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39 <h2 id=mime>MIME</h2> |
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40 |
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41 <p> |
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42 The <tt>mime</tt> namespace offers filters that apply and remove common |
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43 content transfer encodings, such as Base64 and Quoted-Printable. |
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44 It also provides functions to break text into lines and change |
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45 the end-of-line convention. |
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46 MIME is described mainly in |
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47 <a href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~diego/rfc/rfc2045.txt">RFC 2045</a>, |
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48 <a href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~diego/rfc/rfc2046.txt">2046</a>, |
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49 <a href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~diego/rfc/rfc2047.txt">2047</a>, |
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50 <a href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~diego/rfc/rfc2047.txt">2048</a>, and |
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51 <a href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~diego/rfc/rfc2048.txt">2049</a>. |
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52 </p> |
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53 |
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54 <p> |
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55 All functionality provided by the MIME module |
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56 follows the ideas presented in |
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57 <a href="http://lua-users.org/wiki/FiltersSourcesAndSinks"> |
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58 LTN012, Filters sources and sinks</a>. |
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59 </p> |
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60 |
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61 <p> |
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62 To obtain the <tt>mime</tt> namespace, run: |
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63 </p> |
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64 |
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65 <pre class=example> |
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66 -- loads the MIME module and everything it requires |
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67 local mime = require("mime") |
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68 </pre> |
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69 |
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70 |
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71 <!-- High-level +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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72 |
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73 <h3 id=high>High-level filters</h3> |
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74 |
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75 <!-- normalize ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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76 |
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77 <p class=name id="normalize"> |
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78 mime.<b>normalize(</b>[marker]<b>)</b> |
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79 </p> |
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80 |
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81 <p class=description> |
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82 Converts most common end-of-line markers to a specific given marker. |
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83 </p> |
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84 |
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85 <p class=parameters> |
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86 <tt>Marker</tt> is the new marker. It defaults to CRLF, the canonic |
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87 end-of-line marker defined by the MIME standard. |
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88 </p> |
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89 |
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90 <p class=return> |
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91 The function returns a filter that performs the conversion. |
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92 </p> |
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93 |
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94 <p class=note> |
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95 Note: There is no perfect solution to this problem. Different end-of-line |
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96 markers are an evil that will probably plague developers forever. |
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97 This function, however, will work perfectly for text created with any of |
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98 the most common end-of-line markers, i.e. the Mac OS (CR), the Unix (LF), |
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99 or the DOS (CRLF) conventions. Even if the data has mixed end-of-line |
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100 markers, the function will still work well, although it doesn't |
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101 guarantee that the number of empty lines will be correct. |
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102 </p> |
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103 |
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104 <!-- decode +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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105 |
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106 <p class=name id="decode"> |
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107 mime.<b>decode(</b>"base64"<b>)</b><br> |
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108 mime.<b>decode(</b>"quoted-printable"<b>)</b> |
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109 </p> |
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110 |
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111 <p class=description> |
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112 Returns a filter that decodes data from a given transfer content |
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113 encoding. |
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114 </p> |
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115 |
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116 <!-- encode +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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117 |
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118 <p class=name id="encode"> |
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119 mime.<b>encode(</b>"base64"<b>)</b><br> |
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120 mime.<b>encode(</b>"quoted-printable" [, mode]<b>)</b> |
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121 </p> |
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122 |
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123 <p class=description> |
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124 Returns a filter that encodes data according to a given transfer content |
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125 encoding. |
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126 </p> |
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127 |
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128 <p class=parameters> |
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129 In the Quoted-Printable case, the user can specify whether the data is |
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130 textual or binary, by passing the <tt>mode</tt> strings "<tt>text</tt>" or |
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131 "<tt>binary</tt>". <tt>Mode</tt> defaults to "<tt>text</tt>". |
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132 </p> |
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133 |
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134 <p class=note> |
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135 Although both transfer content encodings specify a limit for the line |
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136 length, the encoding filters do <em>not</em> break text into lines (for |
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137 added flexibility). |
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138 Below is a filter that converts binary data to the Base64 transfer content |
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139 encoding and breaks it into lines of the correct size. |
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140 </p> |
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141 |
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142 <pre class=example> |
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143 base64 = ltn12.filter.chain( |
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144 mime.encode("base64"), |
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145 mime.wrap("base64") |
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146 ) |
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147 </pre> |
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148 |
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149 <p class=note> |
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150 Note: Text data <em>has</em> to be converted to canonic form |
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151 <em>before</em> being encoded. |
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152 </p> |
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153 |
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154 <pre class=example> |
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155 base64 = ltn12.filter.chain( |
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156 mime.normalize(), |
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157 mime.encode("base64"), |
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158 mime.wrap("base64") |
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159 ) |
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160 </pre> |
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161 |
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162 <!-- stuff +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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163 |
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164 <p class=name id="stuff"> |
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165 mime.<b>stuff()</b><br> |
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166 </p> |
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167 |
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168 <p class=description> |
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169 Creates and returns a filter that performs stuffing of SMTP messages. |
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170 </p> |
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171 |
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172 <p class=note> |
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173 Note: The <a href=smtp.html#send><tt>smtp.send</tt></a> function |
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174 uses this filter automatically. You don't need to chain it with your |
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175 source, or apply it to your message body. |
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176 </p> |
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177 |
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178 <!-- wrap +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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179 |
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180 <p class=name id="wrap"> |
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181 mime.<b>wrap(</b>"text" [, length]<b>)</b><br> |
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182 mime.<b>wrap(</b>"base64"<b>)</b><br> |
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183 mime.<b>wrap(</b>"quoted-printable"<b>)</b> |
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184 </p> |
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185 |
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186 <p class=description> |
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187 Returns a filter that breaks data into lines. |
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188 </p> |
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189 |
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190 <p class=parameters> |
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191 The "<tt>text</tt>" line-wrap filter simply breaks text into lines by |
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192 inserting CRLF end-of-line markers at appropriate positions. |
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193 <tt>Length</tt> defaults 76. |
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194 The "<tt>base64</tt>" line-wrap filter works just like the default |
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195 "<tt>text</tt>" line-wrap filter with default length. |
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196 The function can also wrap "<tt>quoted-printable</tt>" lines, taking care |
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197 not to break lines in the middle of an escaped character. In that case, the |
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198 line length is fixed at 76. |
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199 </p> |
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200 |
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201 <p class=note> |
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202 For example, to create an encoding filter for the Quoted-Printable transfer content encoding of text data, do the following: |
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203 </p> |
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204 |
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205 <pre class=example> |
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206 qp = ltn12.filter.chain( |
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207 mime.normalize(), |
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208 mime.encode("quoted-printable"), |
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209 mime.wrap("quoted-printable") |
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210 ) |
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211 </pre> |
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212 |
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213 <p class=note> |
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214 Note: To break into lines with a different end-of-line convention, apply |
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215 a normalization filter after the line break filter. |
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216 </p> |
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217 |
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218 <!-- Low-level ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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219 |
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220 <h3 id=low>Low-level filters</h3> |
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221 |
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222 <!-- b64 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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223 |
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224 <p class=name id="b64"> |
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225 A, B = mime.<b>b64(</b>C [, D]<b>)</b> |
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226 </p> |
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227 |
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228 <p class=description> |
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229 Low-level filter to perform Base64 encoding. |
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230 </p> |
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231 |
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232 <p class=description> |
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233 <tt>A</tt> is the encoded version of the largest prefix of |
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234 <tt>C..D</tt> |
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235 that can be encoded unambiguously. <tt>B</tt> has the remaining bytes of |
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236 <tt>C..D</tt>, <em>before</em> encoding. |
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237 If <tt>D</tt> is <tt><b>nil</b></tt>, <tt>A</tt> is padded with |
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238 the encoding of the remaining bytes of <tt>C</tt>. |
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239 </p> |
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240 |
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241 <p class=note> |
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242 Note: The simplest use of this function is to encode a string into it's |
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243 Base64 transfer content encoding. Notice the extra parenthesis around the |
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244 call to <tt>mime.b64</tt>, to discard the second return value. |
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245 </p> |
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246 |
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247 <pre class=example> |
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248 print((mime.b64("diego:password"))) |
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249 --> ZGllZ286cGFzc3dvcmQ= |
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250 </pre> |
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251 |
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252 <!-- dot +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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253 <p class=name id="dot"> |
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254 A, n = mime.<b>dot(</b>m [, B]<b>)</b> |
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255 </p> |
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256 |
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257 <p class=description> |
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258 Low-level filter to perform SMTP stuffing and enable transmission of |
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259 messages containing the sequence "CRLF.CRLF". |
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260 </p> |
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261 |
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262 <p class=parameters> |
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263 <tt>A</tt> is the stuffed version of <tt>B</tt>. '<tt>n</tt>' gives the |
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264 number of characters from the sequence CRLF seen in the end of <tt>B</tt>. |
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265 '<tt>m</tt>' should tell the same, but for the previous chunk. |
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266 </p> |
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267 |
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268 <p class=note>Note: The message body is defined to begin with |
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269 an implicit CRLF. Therefore, to stuff a message correctly, the |
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270 first <tt>m</tt> should have the value 2. |
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271 </p> |
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272 |
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273 <pre class=example> |
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274 print((string.gsub(mime.dot(2, ".\r\nStuffing the message.\r\n.\r\n."), "\r\n", "\\n"))) |
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275 --> ..\nStuffing the message.\n..\n.. |
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276 </pre> |
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277 |
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278 <p class=note> |
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279 Note: The <a href=smtp.html#send><tt>smtp.send</tt></a> function |
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280 uses this filter automatically. You don't need to |
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281 apply it again. |
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282 </p> |
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283 |
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284 <!-- eol ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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285 |
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286 <p class=name id="eol"> |
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287 A, B = mime.<b>eol(</b>C [, D, marker]<b>)</b> |
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288 </p> |
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289 |
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290 <p class=description> |
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291 Low-level filter to perform end-of-line marker translation. |
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292 For each chunk, the function needs to know if the last character of the |
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293 previous chunk could be part of an end-of-line marker or not. This is the |
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294 context the function receives besides the chunk. An updated version of |
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295 the context is returned after each new chunk. |
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296 </p> |
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297 |
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298 <p class=parameters> |
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299 <tt>A</tt> is the translated version of <tt>D</tt>. <tt>C</tt> is the |
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300 ASCII value of the last character of the previous chunk, if it was a |
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301 candidate for line break, or 0 otherwise. |
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302 <tt>B</tt> is the same as <tt>C</tt>, but for the current |
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303 chunk. <tt>Marker</tt> gives the new end-of-line marker and defaults to CRLF. |
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304 </p> |
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305 |
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306 <pre class=example> |
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307 -- translates the end-of-line marker to UNIX |
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308 unix = mime.eol(0, dos, "\n") |
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309 </pre> |
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310 |
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311 <!-- qp ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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312 |
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313 <p class=name id="qp"> |
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314 A, B = mime.<b>qp(</b>C [, D, marker]<b>)</b> |
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315 </p> |
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316 |
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317 <p class=description> |
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318 Low-level filter to perform Quoted-Printable encoding. |
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319 </p> |
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320 |
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321 <p class=parameters> |
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322 <tt>A</tt> is the encoded version of the largest prefix of |
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323 <tt>C..D</tt> |
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324 that can be encoded unambiguously. <tt>B</tt> has the remaining bytes of |
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325 <tt>C..D</tt>, <em>before</em> encoding. |
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326 If <tt>D</tt> is <tt><b>nil</b></tt>, <tt>A</tt> is padded with |
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327 the encoding of the remaining bytes of <tt>C</tt>. |
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328 Throughout encoding, occurrences of CRLF are replaced by the |
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329 <tt>marker</tt>, which itself defaults to CRLF. |
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330 </p> |
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331 |
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332 <p class=note> |
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333 Note: The simplest use of this function is to encode a string into it's |
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334 Quoted-Printable transfer content encoding. |
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335 Notice the extra parenthesis around the call to <tt>mime.qp</tt>, to discard the second return value. |
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336 </p> |
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337 |
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338 <pre class=example> |
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339 print((mime.qp("maçã"))) |
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340 --> ma=E7=E3= |
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341 </pre> |
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342 |
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343 <!-- qpwrp ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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344 |
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345 <p class=name id="qpwrp"> |
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346 A, m = mime.<b>qpwrp(</b>n [, B, length]<b>)</b> |
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347 </p> |
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348 |
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349 <p class=description> |
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350 Low-level filter to break Quoted-Printable text into lines. |
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351 </p> |
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352 |
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353 <p class=parameters> |
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354 <tt>A</tt> is a copy of <tt>B</tt>, broken into lines of at most |
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355 <tt>length</tt> bytes (defaults to 76). |
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356 '<tt>n</tt>' should tell how many bytes are left for the first |
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357 line of <tt>B</tt> and '<tt>m</tt>' returns the number of bytes |
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358 left in the last line of <tt>A</tt>. |
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359 </p> |
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360 |
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361 <p class=note> |
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362 Note: Besides breaking text into lines, this function makes sure the line |
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363 breaks don't fall in the middle of an escaped character combination. Also, |
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364 this function only breaks lines that are bigger than <tt>length</tt> bytes. |
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365 </p> |
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366 |
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367 <!-- unb64 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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368 |
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369 <p class=name id="unb64"> |
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370 A, B = mime.<b>unb64(</b>C [, D]<b>)</b> |
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371 </p> |
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372 |
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373 <p class=description> |
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374 Low-level filter to perform Base64 decoding. |
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375 </p> |
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376 |
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377 <p class=parameters> |
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378 <tt>A</tt> is the decoded version of the largest prefix of |
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379 <tt>C..D</tt> |
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380 that can be decoded unambiguously. <tt>B</tt> has the remaining bytes of |
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381 <tt>C..D</tt>, <em>before</em> decoding. |
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382 If <tt>D</tt> is <tt><b>nil</b></tt>, <tt>A</tt> is the empty string |
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383 and <tt>B</tt> returns whatever couldn't be decoded. |
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384 </p> |
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385 |
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386 <p class=note> |
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387 Note: The simplest use of this function is to decode a string from it's |
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388 Base64 transfer content encoding. |
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389 Notice the extra parenthesis around the call to <tt>mime.unqp</tt>, to discard the second return value. |
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390 </p> |
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391 |
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392 <pre class=example> |
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393 print((mime.unb64("ZGllZ286cGFzc3dvcmQ="))) |
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394 --> diego:password |
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395 </pre> |
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396 |
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397 <!-- unqp +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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398 |
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399 <p class=name id="unqp"> |
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400 A, B = mime.<b>unqp(</b>C [, D]<b>)</b> |
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401 </p> |
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402 |
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403 <p class=description> |
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404 Low-level filter to remove the Quoted-Printable transfer content encoding |
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405 from data. |
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406 </p> |
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407 |
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408 <p class=parameters> |
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409 <tt>A</tt> is the decoded version of the largest prefix of |
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410 <tt>C..D</tt> |
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411 that can be decoded unambiguously. <tt>B</tt> has the remaining bytes of |
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412 <tt>C..D</tt>, <em>before</em> decoding. |
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413 If <tt>D</tt> is <tt><b>nil</b></tt>, <tt>A</tt> is augmented with |
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414 the encoding of the remaining bytes of <tt>C</tt>. |
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415 </p> |
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416 |
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417 <p class=note> |
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418 Note: The simplest use of this function is to decode a string from it's |
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419 Quoted-Printable transfer content encoding. |
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420 Notice the extra parenthesis around the call to <tt>mime.unqp</tt>, to discard the second return value. |
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421 </p> |
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422 |
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423 <pre class=example> |
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424 print((mime.qp("ma=E7=E3="))) |
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425 --> maçã |
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426 </pre> |
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427 |
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428 <!-- wrp ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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429 |
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430 <p class=name id="wrp"> |
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431 A, m = mime.<b>wrp(</b>n [, B, length]<b>)</b> |
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432 </p> |
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433 |
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434 <p class=description> |
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435 Low-level filter to break text into lines with CRLF marker. |
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436 Text is assumed to be in the <a href=#normalize><tt>normalize</tt></a> form. |
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437 </p> |
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438 |
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439 <p class=parameters> |
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440 <tt>A</tt> is a copy of <tt>B</tt>, broken into lines of at most |
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441 <tt>length</tt> bytes (defaults to 76). |
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442 '<tt>n</tt>' should tell how many bytes are left for the first |
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443 line of <tt>B</tt> and '<tt>m</tt>' returns the number of bytes |
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444 left in the last line of <tt>A</tt>. |
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445 </p> |
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446 |
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447 <p class=note> |
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448 Note: This function only breaks lines that are bigger than |
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449 <tt>length</tt> bytes. The resulting line length does not include the CRLF |
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450 marker. |
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451 </p> |
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452 |
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454 <!-- footer +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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455 |
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456 <div class=footer> |
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457 <hr> |
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458 <center> |
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459 <p class=bar> |
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460 <a href="home.html">home</a> · |
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461 <a href="home.html#down">download</a> · |
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462 <a href="installation.html">installation</a> · |
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463 <a href="introduction.html">introduction</a> · |
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464 <a href="reference.html">reference</a> |
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465 </p> |
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466 <p> |
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467 <small> |
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468 Last modified by Diego Nehab on <br> |
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469 Thu Apr 20 00:25:44 EDT 2006 |
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470 </small> |
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471 </p> |
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472 </center> |
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473 </div> |
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474 |
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475 </body> |
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476 </html> |