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cmd2 docs
author catherine@Drou
date Tue, 16 Feb 2010 23:07:04 -0500
parents 432ccab7c6c8
children 798c7f32a960
rev   line source
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1 ================================================
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2 Easy command-line interpreters with cmd and cmd2
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3 ================================================
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4
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5 :author: Catherine Devlin
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6 :date: 2010-02-20
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7
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8 Quit scribbling
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9 ===============
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10
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11 Slides are *already* posted at
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12 catherinedevlin.pythoneers.com
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13
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14 Web 2.0
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15 =======
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16
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17 .. image:: web-2-0-logos.gif
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18 :height: 300px
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19
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20 But first...
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21 ============
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22
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23 .. image:: sargon.jpg
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24 :height: 300px
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25
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26 .. image:: akkad.png
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27 :height: 300px
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28
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29 Sargon the Great
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30 Founder of Akkadian Empire
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31
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32 .. twenty-third century BC
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33
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34 In between
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35 ==========
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36
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37 .. image:: apple.jpg
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38 :height: 300px
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39
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40 Command-Line Interface
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41 Unlike the Akkadian Empire,
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42 the CLI will never die.
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43
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44 Defining CLI
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45 ============
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46
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47 - "Line-oriented command interpreter"
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48 - "Command-line interface"
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49 - "Shell"
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50
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51 1. Accepts free text input at prompt
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52 2. Outputs lines of text
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53 3. (repeat)
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54
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55 Examples
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56 ========
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57
344
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58 * Bash, Korn, zsh
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59 * Python shell
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60 * screen
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61 * Zork
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62 * SQL clients: psql, SQL*\Plus, mysql...
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63 * ed
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64
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65 .. ``ed`` proves that CLI is sometimes the wrong answer.
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66
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67 != Command Line Utilities
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68 =========================
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69
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70 1. Accepts arguments at invocation
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71 2. executes
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72 3. terminates
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73
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74 Examples
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75 --------
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76 * ls
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77 * grep
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78 * ping
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79
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80 Use ``sys.argv``, ``optparse``
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81
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82 != "Text User Interfaces", "Consoles"
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83 =====================================
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84
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85 * Use entire (session) screen
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86 * I/O is *not* line-by-line
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87
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88 .. image:: urwid.png
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89 :height: 300px
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90
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91 Use ``curses``, ``urwid``
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92
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93 Priorities
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94 ==========
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95
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96 .. image:: strategy.png
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97 :height: 300px
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98
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99 A ``cmd`` app: pirate.py
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100 ========================
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101
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102 ::
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103
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104 from cmd import Cmd
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105
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106 class Pirate(Cmd):
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107 pass
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108
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109 pirate = Pirate()
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110 pirate.cmdloop()
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111
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112 .. Nothing here... but history and help
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113
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114 .. ctrl-r for bash-style history
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115
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116 Fundamental prrrinciple
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117 =======================
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118
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119 .. class:: huge
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120
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121 ::
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122
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123 (Cmd) foo a b c
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124
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125 ``self.do_foo('a b c')``
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126
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127 ``do_``-methods: pirate2.py
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128 ===========================
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129
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130 ::
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131
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132 class Pirate(Cmd):
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133 gold = 3
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134 def do_loot(self, arg):
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135 'Seize booty frrrom a passing ship.'
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136 self.gold += 1
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137 print('Now we gots {0} doubloons'.format(self.gold))
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138 def do_drink(self, arg):
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139 'Drown your sorrrows in rrrum.'
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140 self.gold -= 1
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141 print('Now we gots {0} doubloons'.format(self.gold))
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142
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143 .. do_methods; more help
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144
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145 Hooks
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146 =====
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147
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148 .. image:: hook.jpeg
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149 :height: 300px
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150
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151 Hooks: pirate3.py
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152 =================
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153
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154 ::
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155
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156 def do_loot(self, arg):
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157 'Seize booty from a passing ship.'
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158 self.gold += 1
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159 def do_drink(self, arg):
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160 'Drown your sorrrows in rrrum.'
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161 self.gold -= 1
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162 def precmd(self, line):
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163 self.initial_gold = self.gold
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164 return line
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165 def postcmd(self, stop, line):
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166 if self.gold != self.initial_gold:
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167 print('Now we gots {0} doubloons'.format(self.gold))
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168
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169 Arguments: pirate4.py
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170 =====================
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171
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172 ::
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173
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174 def do_drink(self, arg):
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175 '''Drown your sorrrows in rrrum.
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176
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177 drink [n] - drink [n] barrel[s] o' rum.'''
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178 try:
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179 self.gold -= int(arg)
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180 except:
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181 if arg:
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182 print('''What's "{0}"? I'll take rrrum.'''
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183 .format(arg))
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184 self.gold -= 1
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185
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186 quitting: pirate5.py
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187 ====================
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188
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189 ::
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190
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191 def postcmd(self, stop, line):
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192 if self.gold != self.initial_gold:
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193 print('Now we gots {0} doubloons'.format(self.gold))
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194 if self.gold < 0:
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195 print("Off to debtorrr's prison. Game overrr.")
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196 return True
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197 return stop
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198 def do_quit(self, arg):
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199 print("Quiterrr!")
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200 return True
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201
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202 prompts and defaults: pirate6.py
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203 ================================
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204
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205 ::
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206
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207 prompt = 'arrr> '
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208 def default(self, line):
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209 print('What mean ye by "{0}"?'
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210 .format(line))
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211
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212 cmd2
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213 ====
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214
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215 .. image:: schematic.png
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216 :height: 300px
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217
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218 Absolutely free
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219 ===============
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220
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221 * Script files
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222 * Commands at invocation
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223 * Output redirection
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224 * Python
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225 * Transcript-based testing
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226
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227 But wait, there's more
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228 ======================
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229
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230 * Abbreviated commands
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231 * Shell commands
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232 * Quitting
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233 * Timing
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234 * Echo
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235 * Debug
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236
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237 For a few keystrokes more...
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238 ============================
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239
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240 * Default to shell
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241 * Color output
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242 * Shortcuts
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243 * Multiline commands
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244 * Environment variables
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245
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246 Now how much would you pay?
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247 ===========================
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248
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249 * options / flags
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250 * Quiet (suppress feedback)
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251 * BASH-style ``select``
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252 * Parsing: terminators, suffixes
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253
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254 Minor changes: pirate7.py
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255 =========================
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256
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257 ::
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258
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259 default_to_shell = True
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260 multilineCommands = ['sing']
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261 terminators = Cmd.terminators + ['...']
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262 def do_sing(self, arg):
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263 print(self.colorize(arg, 'blue'))
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264
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265 Options: pirate8.py
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266 ===================
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267
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268 ::
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269
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270 @options([make_option('--ho', type='int', help="How often to chant 'ho'", default=2),
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271 make_option('-c', '--commas', action="store_true", help="Interspers commas")])
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272 def do_yo(self, arg, opts):
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273 chant = ['yo'] + ['ho'] * opts.ho
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274 if opts.commas:
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275 separator = ', '
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276 else:
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277 separator = ' '
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278 print('{0} and a bottle of {1}'.format(separator.join(chant), arg))
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279
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280