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added hook pic
author cat@eee
date Thu, 18 Feb 2010 13:45:43 -0500
parents 18e8487be095
children 29221236d1a1
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1 ================================================
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2 Easy command-line interpreters with cmd and cmd2
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3 ================================================
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4
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5 :author: Catherine Devlin
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6 :date: 2010-02-20
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7
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8 Quit scribbling
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9 ===============
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10
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11 Slides are *already* posted at
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12 catherinedevlin.pythoneers.com
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13
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14 Web 2.0
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15 =======
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16
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17 .. image:: web-2-0-logos.gif
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18 :height: 250px
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19
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20 But first...
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21 ============
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22
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23 .. image:: sargon.jpg
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24 :height: 250px
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25
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26 .. image:: akkad.png
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27 :height: 250px
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28
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29 Sargon the Great
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30 Founder of Akkadian Empire
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31
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32 .. twenty-third century BC
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33
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34 In between
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35 ==========
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36
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37 .. image:: apple.jpg
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38 :height: 250px
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39
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40 Command-Line Interface
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41 Unlike the Akkadian Empire,
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42 the CLI will never die.
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43
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44 Defining CLI
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45 ============
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46
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47 - "Line-oriented command interpreter"
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48 - "Command-line interface"
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49 - "Shell"
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50
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51 1. Accepts free text input at prompt
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52 2. Outputs lines of text
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53 3. (repeat)
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54
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55 Examples
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56 ========
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57
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58 * Bash, Korn, zsh
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59 * Python shell
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60 * screen
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61 * Zork
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62 * SQL clients: psql, SQL*\Plus, mysql...
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63 * ed
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64
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65 .. ``ed`` proves that CLI is sometimes the wrong answer.
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66
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67 != Command Line Utilities
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68 =========================
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69
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70 (``ls``, ``grep``, ``ping``, etc.)
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71
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72 1. Accepts arguments at invocation
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73 2. executes
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74 3. terminates
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75
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76 Use ``sys.argv``, ``optparse``
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77
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78 != "Text User Interfaces", "Consoles"
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79 =====================================
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80
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81 * Use entire (session) screen
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82 * I/O is *not* line-by-line
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83
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84 .. image:: urwid.png
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85 :height: 250px
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86
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87 Use ``curses``, ``urwid``
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88
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89 Priorities
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90 ==========
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91
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92 .. image:: strategy.png
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93 :height: 250px
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94
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95 A ``cmd`` app: pirate.py
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96 ========================
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97
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98 ::
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99
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100 from cmd import Cmd
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101
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102 class Pirate(Cmd):
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103 pass
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104
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105 pirate = Pirate()
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106 pirate.cmdloop()
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107
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108 .. Nothing here... but history and help
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109
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110 .. ctrl-r for bash-style history
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111
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112 Fundamental prrrinciple
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113 =======================
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114
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115 .. class:: huge
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116
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117 ::
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118
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119 (Cmd) foo a b c
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120
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121 ``self.do_foo('a b c')``
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122
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123 ``do_``-methods: pirate2.py
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124 ===========================
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125
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126 ::
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127
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128 class Pirate(Cmd):
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129 gold = 3
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130 def do_loot(self, arg):
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131 'Seize booty frrrom a passing ship.'
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132 self.gold += 1
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133 print('Now we gots {0} doubloons'.format(self.gold))
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134 def do_drink(self, arg):
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135 'Drown your sorrrows in rrrum.'
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136 self.gold -= 1
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137 print('Now we gots {0} doubloons'.format(self.gold))
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138
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139 .. do_methods; more help
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140
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141 Hooks
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142 =====
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143
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144 .. image:: hook.jpg
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145 :height: 250px
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146
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147 preloop, postloop, precmd, postcmd
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148
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149 Hooks: pirate3.py
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150 =================
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151
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152 ::
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153
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154 def do_loot(self, arg):
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155 'Seize booty from a passing ship.'
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156 self.gold += 1
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157 def do_drink(self, arg):
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158 'Drown your sorrrows in rrrum.'
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159 self.gold -= 1
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160 def precmd(self, line):
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161 self.initial_gold = self.gold
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162 return line
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163 def postcmd(self, stop, line):
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164 if self.gold != self.initial_gold:
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165 print('Now we gots {0} doubloons'.format(self.gold))
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166
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167 Arguments: pirate4.py
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168 =====================
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169
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170 ::
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171
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172 def do_drink(self, arg):
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173 '''Drown your sorrrows in rrrum.
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174
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175 drink [n] - drink [n] barrel[s] o' rum.'''
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176 try:
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177 self.gold -= int(arg)
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178 except:
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179 if arg:
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180 print('''What's "{0}"? I'll take rrrum.'''
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181 .format(arg))
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182 self.gold -= 1
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183
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184 quitting: pirate5.py
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185 ====================
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186
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187 ::
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188
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189 def postcmd(self, stop, line):
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190 if self.gold != self.initial_gold:
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191 print('Now we gots {0} doubloons'.format(self.gold))
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192 if self.gold < 0:
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193 print("Off to debtorrr's prison. Game overrr.")
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194 return True
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195 return stop
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196 def do_quit(self, arg):
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197 print("Quiterrr!")
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198 return True
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199
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200 prompts and defaults: pirate6.py
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201 ================================
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202
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203 ::
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204
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205 prompt = 'arrr> '
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206 def default(self, line):
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207 print('What mean ye by "{0}"?'
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208 .format(line))
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209
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210 cmd2
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211 ====
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212
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213 .. image:: schematic.png
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214 :height: 250px
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215
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216 Absolutely free
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217 ===============
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218
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219 * Script files
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220 * Commands at invocation
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221 * Output redirection
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222 * Python
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223 * Transcript-based testing
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224
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225 But wait, there's more
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226 ======================
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227
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228 * Abbreviated commands
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229 * Shell commands
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230 * Quitting
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231 * Timing
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232 * Echo
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233 * Debug
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234
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235 For a few keystrokes more...
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236 ============================
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237
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238 * Default to shell
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239 * Color output
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240 * Shortcuts
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241 * Multiline commands
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242 * Environment variables
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243
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244 Minor changes: pirate7.py
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245 =========================
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246
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247 ::
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248
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249 default_to_shell = True
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250 multilineCommands = ['sing']
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251 terminators = Cmd.terminators + ['...']
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252 songcolor = 'blue'
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253 settable = Cmd.settable + 'songcolor Color to ``sing`` in (red/blue/green/cyan/magenta, bold, underline)'
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254 Cmd.shortcuts.update({'~': 'sing'})
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255 def do_sing(self, arg):
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256 print(self.colorize(arg, self.songcolor))
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257
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258 Now how much would you pay?
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259 ===========================
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260
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261 * options / flags
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262 * Quiet (suppress feedback)
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263 * BASH-style ``select``
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264 * Parsing: terminators, suffixes
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265
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266 Options: pirate8.py
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267 ===================
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268
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269 ::
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270
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271 @options([make_option('--ho', type='int', help="How often to chant 'ho'", default=2),
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272 make_option('-c', '--commas', action="store_true", help="Interspers commas")])
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273 def do_yo(self, arg, opts):
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274 chant = ['yo'] + ['ho'] * opts.ho
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275 if opts.commas:
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276 separator = ', '
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277 else:
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278 separator = ' '
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279 chant = separator.join(chant)
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280 print('{0} and a bottle of {1}'.format(chant, arg))
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281
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282 Serious example: sqlpython
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283 ==========================
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284
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285 ``cmd``-based app by Luca Canali @ CERN
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286
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287 Replacement for Oracle SQL/*Plus
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288
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289 Now ``cmd2``-based; postgreSQL; MySQL
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290
362
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291 sqlpython features
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292 ==================
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293
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294 Everything in ``cmd2``
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295 (scripts, redirection, py)
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296
362
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297 Multi connections
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298
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299 ls, grep
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300
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301 Output to html, csv, inserts, bar graphs
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302
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303 py session with bind variables
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304
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305
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306
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307