Mercurial > luasocket
annotate doc/smtp.html @ 0:4b915342e2a8
LuaSocket 2.0.2 + CMake build description.
author | Eric Wing <ewing . public |-at-| gmail . com> |
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date | Tue, 26 Aug 2008 18:40:01 -0700 |
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" |
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2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> |
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3 <html> |
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4 |
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5 <head> |
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6 <meta name="description" content="LuaSocket: SMTP support"> |
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7 <meta name="keywords" content="Lua, LuaSocket, SMTP, E-Mail, MIME, Multipart, |
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8 Library, Support"> |
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9 <title>LuaSocket: SMTP support</title> |
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10 <link rel="stylesheet" href="reference.css" type="text/css"> |
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11 </head> |
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12 |
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13 <body> |
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14 |
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15 <!-- header +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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16 |
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17 <div class=header> |
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18 <hr> |
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19 <center> |
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20 <table summary="LuaSocket logo"> |
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21 <tr><td align=center><a href="http://www.lua.org"> |
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22 <img width=128 height=128 border=0 alt="LuaSocket" src="luasocket.png"> |
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23 </a></td></tr> |
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24 <tr><td align=center valign=top>Network support for the Lua language |
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25 </td></tr> |
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26 </table> |
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27 <p class=bar> |
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28 <a href="home.html">home</a> · |
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29 <a href="home.html#download">download</a> · |
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30 <a href="installation.html">installation</a> · |
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31 <a href="introduction.html">introduction</a> · |
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32 <a href="reference.html">reference</a> |
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33 </p> |
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34 </center> |
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35 <hr> |
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36 </div> |
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37 |
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38 <!-- smtp +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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39 |
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40 <h2 id=smtp>SMTP</h2> |
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41 |
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42 <p> The <tt>smtp</tt> namespace provides functionality to send e-mail |
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43 messages. The high-level API consists of two functions: one to |
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44 define an e-mail message, and another to actually send the message. |
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45 Although almost all users will find that these functions provide more than |
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46 enough functionality, the underlying implementation allows for even more |
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47 control (if you bother to read the code). |
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48 </p> |
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49 |
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50 <p>The implementation conforms to the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, |
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51 <a href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~diego/rfc/rfc2821.txt">RFC 2821</a>. |
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52 Another RFC of interest is <a |
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53 href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~diego/rfc/rfc2822.txt">RFC 2822</a>, |
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54 which governs the Internet Message Format. |
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55 Multipart messages (those that contain attachments) are part |
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56 of the MIME standard, but described mainly |
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57 in <a href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~diego/rfc/rfc2046.txt">RFC |
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58 2046</a> |
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59 |
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60 <p> In the description below, good understanding of <a |
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61 href="http://lua-users.org/wiki/FiltersSourcesAndSinks"> LTN012, Filters |
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62 sources and sinks</a> and the <a href=mime.html>MIME</a> module is |
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63 assumed. In fact, the SMTP module was the main reason for their |
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64 creation. </p> |
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65 |
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66 <p> |
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67 To obtain the <tt>smtp</tt> namespace, run: |
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68 </p> |
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69 |
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70 <pre class=example> |
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71 -- loads the SMTP module and everything it requires |
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72 local smtp = require("socket.smtp") |
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73 </pre> |
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74 |
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75 <p> |
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76 MIME headers are represented as a Lua table in the form: |
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77 </p> |
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78 |
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79 <blockquote> |
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80 <table summary="MIME headers in Lua table"> |
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81 <tr><td><tt> |
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82 headers = {<br> |
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83 field-1-name = <i>field-1-value</i>,<br> |
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84 field-2-name = <i>field-2-value</i>,<br> |
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85 field-3-name = <i>field-3-value</i>,<br> |
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86 ...<br> |
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87 field-n-name = <i>field-n-value</i><br> |
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88 } |
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89 </tt></td></tr> |
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90 </table> |
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91 </blockquote> |
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92 |
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93 <p> |
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94 Field names are case insensitive (as specified by the standard) and all |
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95 functions work with lowercase field names. |
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96 Field values are left unmodified. |
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97 </p> |
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98 |
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99 <p class=note> |
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100 Note: MIME headers are independent of order. Therefore, there is no problem |
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101 in representing them in a Lua table. |
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102 </p> |
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103 |
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104 <p> |
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105 The following constants can be set to control the default behavior of |
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106 the SMTP module: |
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107 </p> |
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108 |
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109 <ul> |
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110 <li> <tt>DOMAIN</tt>: domain used to greet the server; |
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111 <li> <tt>PORT</tt>: default port used for the connection; |
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112 <li> <tt>SERVER</tt>: default server used for the connection; |
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113 <li> <tt>TIMEOUT</tt>: default timeout for all I/O operations; |
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114 <li> <tt>ZONE</tt>: default time zone. |
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115 </ul> |
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116 |
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117 <!-- send +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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118 |
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119 <p class=name id=send> |
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120 smtp.<b>send{</b><br> |
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121 from = <i>string</i>,<br> |
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122 rcpt = <i>string</i> or <i>string-table</i>,<br> |
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123 source = <i>LTN12 source</i>,<br> |
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124 [user = <i>string</i>,]<br> |
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125 [password = <i>string</i>,]<br> |
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126 [server = <i>string</i>,]<br> |
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127 [port = <i>number</i>,]<br> |
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128 [domain = <i>string</i>,]<br> |
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129 [step = <i>LTN12 pump step</i>,]<br> |
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130 [create = <i>function</i>]<br> |
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131 <b>}</b> |
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132 </p> |
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133 |
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134 <p class=description> |
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135 Sends a message to a recipient list. Since sending messages is not as |
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136 simple as downloading an URL from a FTP or HTTP server, this function |
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137 doesn't have a simple interface. However, see the |
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138 <a href=#message><tt>message</tt></a> source factory for |
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139 a very powerful way to define the message contents. |
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140 </p> |
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141 |
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142 |
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143 <p class=parameters> |
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144 The sender is given by the e-mail address in the <tt>from</tt> field. |
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145 <tt>Rcpt</tt> is a Lua table with one entry for each recipient e-mail |
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146 address, or a string |
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147 in case there is just one recipient. |
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148 The contents of the message are given by a <em>simple</em> |
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149 <a href="http://lua-users.org/wiki/FiltersSourcesAndSinks">LTN12</a> |
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150 <tt>source</tt>. Several arguments are optional: |
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151 </p> |
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152 <ul> |
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153 <li> <tt>user</tt>, <tt>password</tt>: User and password for |
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154 authentication. The function will attempt LOGIN and PLAIN authentication |
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155 methods if supported by the server (both are unsafe); |
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156 <li> <tt>server</tt>: Server to connect to. Defaults to "localhost"; |
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157 <li> <tt>port</tt>: Port to connect to. Defaults to 25; |
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158 <li> <tt>domain</tt>: Domain name used to greet the server; Defaults to the |
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159 local machine host name; |
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160 <li> <tt>step</tt>: |
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161 <a href="http://lua-users.org/wiki/FiltersSourcesAndSinks">LTN12</a> |
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162 pump step function used to pass data from the |
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163 source to the server. Defaults to the LTN12 <tt>pump.step</tt> function; |
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164 <li><tt>create</tt>: An optional function to be used instead of |
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165 <a href=tcp.html#socket.tcp><tt>socket.tcp</tt></a> when the communications socket is created. |
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166 </ul> |
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167 |
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168 <p class=return> |
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169 If successful, the function returns 1. Otherwise, the function returns |
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170 <b><tt>nil</tt></b> followed by an error message. |
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171 </p> |
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172 |
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173 <p class=note> |
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174 Note: SMTP servers can be very picky with the format of e-mail |
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175 addresses. To be safe, use only addresses of the form |
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176 "<tt><fulano@example.com></tt>" in the <tt>from</tt> and |
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177 <tt>rcpt</tt> arguments to the <tt>send</tt> function. In headers, e-mail |
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178 addresses can take whatever form you like. </p> |
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179 |
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180 <p class=note> |
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181 Big note: There is a good deal of misconception with the use of the |
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182 destination address field headers, i.e., the '<tt>To</tt>', '<tt>Cc</tt>', |
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183 and, more importantly, the '<tt>Bcc</tt>' headers. Do <em>not</em> add a |
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184 '<tt>Bcc</tt>' header to your messages because it will probably do the |
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185 exact opposite of what you expect. |
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186 </p> |
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187 |
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188 <p class=note> |
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189 Only recipients specified in the <tt>rcpt</tt> list will receive a copy of the |
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190 message. Each recipient of an SMTP mail message receives a copy of the |
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191 message body along with the headers, and nothing more. The headers |
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192 <em>are</em> part of the message and should be produced by the |
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193 <a href="http://lua-users.org/wiki/FiltersSourcesAndSinks">LTN12</a> |
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194 <tt>source</tt> function. The <tt>rcpt</tt> list is <em>not</em> |
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195 part of the message and will not be sent to anyone. |
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196 </p> |
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197 |
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198 <p class=note> |
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199 <a href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~diego/rfc/rfc2822.txt">RFC 2822</a> |
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200 has two <em>important and short</em> sections, "3.6.3. Destination address |
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201 fields" and "5. Security considerations", explaining the proper |
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202 use of these headers. Here is a summary of what it says: |
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203 </p> |
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204 |
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205 <ul> |
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206 <li> <tt>To</tt>: contains the address(es) of the primary recipient(s) |
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207 of the message; |
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208 <li> <tt>Cc</tt>: (where the "Cc" means "Carbon Copy" in the sense of |
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209 making a copy on a typewriter using carbon paper) contains the |
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210 addresses of others who are to receive the message, though the |
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211 content of the message may not be directed at them; |
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212 <li> <tt>Bcc</tt>: (where the "Bcc" means "Blind Carbon |
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213 Copy") contains addresses of recipients of the message whose addresses are not to be revealed to other recipients of the message. |
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214 </ul> |
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215 |
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216 <p class=note> |
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217 The LuaSocket <tt>send</tt> function does not care or interpret the |
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218 headers you send, but it gives you full control over what is sent and |
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219 to whom it is sent: |
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220 </p> |
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221 <ul> |
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222 <li> If someone is to receive the message, the e-mail address <em>has</em> |
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223 to be in the recipient list. This is the only parameter that controls who |
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224 gets a copy of the message; |
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225 <li> If there are multiple recipients, none of them will automatically |
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226 know that someone else got that message. That is, the default behavior is |
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227 similar to the <tt>Bcc</tt> field of popular e-mail clients; |
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228 <li> It is up to you to add the <tt>To</tt> header with the list of primary |
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229 recipients so that other recipients can see it; |
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230 <li> It is also up to you to add the <tt>Cc</tt> header with the |
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231 list of additional recipients so that everyone else sees it; |
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232 <li> Adding a header <tt>Bcc</tt> is nonsense, unless it is |
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233 empty. Otherwise, everyone receiving the message will see it and that is |
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234 exactly what you <em>don't</em> want to happen! |
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235 </ul> |
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236 |
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237 <p class=note> |
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238 I hope this clarifies the issue. Otherwise, please refer to |
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239 <a href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~diego/rfc/rfc2821.txt">RFC 2821</a> |
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240 and |
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241 <a href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~diego/rfc/rfc2822.txt">RFC 2822</a>. |
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242 </p> |
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243 |
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244 <pre class=example> |
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245 -- load the smtp support |
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246 local smtp = require("socket.smtp") |
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247 |
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248 -- Connects to server "localhost" and sends a message to users |
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249 -- "fulano@example.com", "beltrano@example.com", |
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250 -- and "sicrano@example.com". |
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251 -- Note that "fulano" is the primary recipient, "beltrano" receives a |
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252 -- carbon copy and neither of them knows that "sicrano" received a blind |
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253 -- carbon copy of the message. |
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254 from = "<luasocket@example.com>" |
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255 |
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256 rcpt = { |
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257 "<fulano@example.com>", |
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258 "<beltrano@example.com>", |
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259 "<sicrano@example.com>" |
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260 } |
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261 |
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262 mesgt = { |
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263 headers = { |
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264 to = "Fulano da Silva <fulano@example.com>", |
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265 cc = '"Beltrano F. Nunes" <beltrano@example.com>', |
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266 subject = "My first message" |
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267 }, |
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268 body = "I hope this works. If it does, I can send you another 1000 copies." |
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269 } |
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270 |
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271 r, e = smtp.send{ |
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272 from = from, |
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273 rcpt = rcpt, |
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274 source = smtp.message(mesgt) |
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275 } |
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276 </pre> |
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277 |
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278 <!-- message ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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279 |
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280 <p class=name id=message> |
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281 smtp.<b>message(</b>mesgt<b>)</b> |
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282 </p> |
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283 |
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284 <p class=description> |
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285 Returns a <em>simple</em> |
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286 <a href="http://lua-users.org/wiki/FiltersSourcesAndSinks">LTN12</a> source that sends an SMTP message body, possibly multipart (arbitrarily deep). |
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287 </p> |
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288 |
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289 <p class=parameters> |
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290 The only parameter of the function is a table describing the message. |
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291 <tt>Mesgt</tt> has the following form (notice the recursive structure): |
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292 </p> |
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293 |
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294 <blockquote> |
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295 <table summary="Mesgt table structure"> |
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296 <tr><td><tt> |
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297 mesgt = {<br> |
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298 headers = <i>header-table</i>,<br> |
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299 body = <i>LTN12 source</i> or <i>string</i> or |
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300 <i>multipart-mesgt</i><br> |
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301 }<br> |
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302 <br> |
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303 multipart-mesgt = {<br> |
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304 [preamble = <i>string</i>,]<br> |
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305 [1] = <i>mesgt</i>,<br> |
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306 [2] = <i>mesgt</i>,<br> |
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307 ...<br> |
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308 [<i>n</i>] = <i>mesgt</i>,<br> |
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309 [epilogue = <i>string</i>,]<br> |
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310 }<br> |
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311 </tt></td></tr> |
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312 </table> |
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313 </blockquote> |
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314 |
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315 <p class=parameters> |
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316 For a simple message, all that is needed is a set of <tt>headers</tt> |
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317 and the <tt>body</tt>. The message <tt>body</tt> can be given as a string |
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318 or as a <em>simple</em> |
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319 <a href="http://lua-users.org/wiki/FiltersSourcesAndSinks">LTN12</a> |
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320 source. For multipart messages, the body is a table that |
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321 recursively defines each part as an independent message, plus an optional |
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322 <tt>preamble</tt> and <tt>epilogue</tt>. |
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323 </p> |
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324 |
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325 <p class=return> |
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326 The function returns a <em>simple</em> |
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327 <a href="http://lua-users.org/wiki/FiltersSourcesAndSinks">LTN12</a> |
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328 source that produces the |
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329 message contents as defined by <tt>mesgt</tt>, chunk by chunk. |
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330 Hopefully, the following |
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331 example will make things clear. When in doubt, refer to the appropriate RFC |
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332 as listed in the introduction. </p> |
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333 |
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334 <pre class=example> |
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335 -- load the smtp support and its friends |
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336 local smtp = require("socket.smtp") |
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337 local mime = require("mime") |
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338 local ltn12 = require("ltn12") |
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339 |
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340 -- creates a source to send a message with two parts. The first part is |
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341 -- plain text, the second part is a PNG image, encoded as base64. |
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342 source = smtp.message{ |
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343 headers = { |
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344 -- Remember that headers are *ignored* by smtp.send. |
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345 from = "Sicrano de Oliveira <sicrano@example.com>", |
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346 to = "Fulano da Silva <fulano@example.com>", |
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347 subject = "Here is a message with attachments" |
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348 }, |
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349 body = { |
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350 preamble = "If your client doesn't understand attachments, \r\n" .. |
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351 "it will still display the preamble and the epilogue.\r\n" .. |
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352 "Preamble will probably appear even in a MIME enabled client.", |
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353 -- first part: no headers means plain text, us-ascii. |
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354 -- The mime.eol low-level filter normalizes end-of-line markers. |
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355 [1] = { |
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356 body = mime.eol(0, [[ |
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357 Lines in a message body should always end with CRLF. |
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358 The smtp module will *NOT* perform translation. However, the |
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359 send function *DOES* perform SMTP stuffing, whereas the message |
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360 function does *NOT*. |
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361 ]]) |
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362 }, |
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363 -- second part: headers describe content to be a png image, |
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364 -- sent under the base64 transfer content encoding. |
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365 -- notice that nothing happens until the message is actually sent. |
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366 -- small chunks are loaded into memory right before transmission and |
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367 -- translation happens on the fly. |
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368 [2] = { |
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369 headers = { |
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370 ["content-type"] = 'image/png; name="image.png"', |
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371 ["content-disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="image.png"', |
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372 ["content-description"] = 'a beautiful image', |
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373 ["content-transfer-encoding"] = "BASE64" |
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374 }, |
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375 body = ltn12.source.chain( |
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376 ltn12.source.file(io.open("image.png", "rb")), |
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377 ltn12.filter.chain( |
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378 mime.encode("base64"), |
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379 mime.wrap() |
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380 ) |
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381 ) |
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382 }, |
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383 epilogue = "This might also show up, but after the attachments" |
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384 } |
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385 } |
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386 |
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387 -- finally send it |
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388 r, e = smtp.send{ |
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389 from = "<sicrano@example.com>", |
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390 rcpt = "<fulano@example.com>", |
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391 source = source, |
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392 } |
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393 </pre> |
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394 |
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395 <!-- footer +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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396 |
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397 <div class=footer> |
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398 <hr> |
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399 <center> |
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400 <p class=bar> |
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401 <a href="home.html">home</a> · |
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402 <a href="home.html#down">download</a> · |
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403 <a href="installation.html">installation</a> · |
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404 <a href="introduction.html">introduction</a> · |
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405 <a href="reference.html">reference</a> |
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406 </p> |
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407 <p> |
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408 <small> |
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409 Last modified by Diego Nehab on <br> |
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410 Thu Apr 20 00:25:51 EDT 2006 |
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411 </small> |
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412 </p> |
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413 </center> |
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414 </div> |
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415 |
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416 </body> |
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417 </html> |