Mercurial > sdl-ios-xcode
view src/video/SDL_surface.c @ 3796:b19680c84cdf SDL-ryan-multiple-audio-device
Bunch of 1.3 audio cleanups to remove FIXMEs, get driver specific crap out of
the core and into the drivers where it belongs, and push generic
responsibilities out of the drivers and into the core where they belong.
author | Ryan C. Gordon <icculus@icculus.org> |
---|---|
date | Wed, 04 Oct 2006 19:54:23 +0000 |
parents | 8a162bfdc838 |
children | 926294b2bb4e |
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/* SDL - Simple DirectMedia Layer Copyright (C) 1997-2006 Sam Lantinga This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA Sam Lantinga slouken@libsdl.org */ #include "SDL_config.h" #include "SDL_video.h" #include "SDL_compat.h" #include "SDL_sysvideo.h" #include "SDL_blit.h" #include "SDL_RLEaccel_c.h" #include "SDL_pixels_c.h" #include "SDL_leaks.h" /* Public routines */ /* * Create an empty RGB surface of the appropriate depth */ SDL_Surface * SDL_CreateRGBSurface(Uint32 flags, int width, int height, int depth, Uint32 Rmask, Uint32 Gmask, Uint32 Bmask, Uint32 Amask) { SDL_Surface *surface; /* Allocate the surface */ surface = (SDL_Surface *) SDL_calloc(1, sizeof(*surface)); if (surface == NULL) { SDL_OutOfMemory(); return NULL; } surface->format = SDL_AllocFormat(depth, Rmask, Gmask, Bmask, Amask); if (!surface->format) { SDL_FreeSurface(surface); return NULL; } if (Amask) { surface->flags |= SDL_SRCALPHA; } surface->w = width; surface->h = height; surface->pitch = SDL_CalculatePitch(surface); SDL_SetClipRect(surface, NULL); if (surface->format->BitsPerPixel <= 8) { SDL_Palette *palette = SDL_AllocPalette((1 << surface->format->BitsPerPixel)); if (!palette) { SDL_FreeSurface(surface); return NULL; } if (Rmask || Bmask || Gmask) { const SDL_PixelFormat *format = surface->format; /* create palette according to masks */ int i; int Rm = 0, Gm = 0, Bm = 0; int Rw = 0, Gw = 0, Bw = 0; if (Rmask) { Rw = 8 - format->Rloss; for (i = format->Rloss; i > 0; i -= Rw) Rm |= 1 << i; } if (Gmask) { Gw = 8 - format->Gloss; for (i = format->Gloss; i > 0; i -= Gw) Gm |= 1 << i; } if (Bmask) { Bw = 8 - format->Bloss; for (i = format->Bloss; i > 0; i -= Bw) Bm |= 1 << i; } for (i = 0; i < palette->ncolors; ++i) { int r, g, b; r = (i & Rmask) >> format->Rshift; r = (r << format->Rloss) | ((r * Rm) >> Rw); palette->colors[i].r = r; g = (i & Gmask) >> format->Gshift; g = (g << format->Gloss) | ((g * Gm) >> Gw); palette->colors[i].g = g; b = (i & Bmask) >> format->Bshift; b = (b << format->Bloss) | ((b * Bm) >> Bw); palette->colors[i].b = b; } } else if (palette->ncolors == 2) { /* Create a black and white bitmap palette */ palette->colors[0].r = 0xFF; palette->colors[0].g = 0xFF; palette->colors[0].b = 0xFF; palette->colors[1].r = 0x00; palette->colors[1].g = 0x00; palette->colors[1].b = 0x00; } SDL_SetSurfacePalette(surface, palette); SDL_FreePalette(palette); } /* Get the pixels */ if (surface->w && surface->h) { surface->pixels = SDL_malloc(surface->h * surface->pitch); if (!surface->pixels) { SDL_FreeSurface(surface); SDL_OutOfMemory(); return NULL; } /* This is important for bitmaps */ SDL_memset(surface->pixels, 0, surface->h * surface->pitch); } /* Allocate an empty mapping */ surface->map = SDL_AllocBlitMap(); if (!surface->map) { SDL_FreeSurface(surface); return NULL; } SDL_FormatChanged(surface); /* The surface is ready to go */ surface->refcount = 1; #ifdef CHECK_LEAKS ++surfaces_allocated; #endif return surface; } /* * Create an RGB surface from an existing memory buffer */ SDL_Surface * SDL_CreateRGBSurfaceFrom(void *pixels, int width, int height, int depth, int pitch, Uint32 Rmask, Uint32 Gmask, Uint32 Bmask, Uint32 Amask) { SDL_Surface *surface; surface = SDL_CreateRGBSurface(0, 0, 0, depth, Rmask, Gmask, Bmask, Amask); if (surface != NULL) { surface->flags |= SDL_PREALLOC; surface->pixels = pixels; surface->w = width; surface->h = height; surface->pitch = pitch; SDL_SetClipRect(surface, NULL); } return surface; } SDL_Surface * SDL_CreateRGBSurfaceFromTexture(SDL_TextureID textureID) { SDL_Surface *surface; Uint32 format; int w, h; int bpp; Uint32 Rmask, Gmask, Bmask, Amask; void *pixels; int pitch; if (SDL_QueryTexture(textureID, &format, NULL, &w, &h) < 0) { return NULL; } if (!SDL_PixelFormatEnumToMasks (format, &bpp, &Rmask, &Gmask, &Bmask, &Amask)) { SDL_SetError("Unknown texture format"); return NULL; } if (SDL_QueryTexturePixels(textureID, &pixels, &pitch) == 0) { surface = SDL_CreateRGBSurfaceFrom(pixels, w, h, bpp, pitch, Rmask, Gmask, Bmask, Amask); } else { surface = SDL_CreateRGBSurface(0, 0, 0, bpp, Rmask, Gmask, Bmask, Amask); if (surface) { surface->flags |= SDL_HWSURFACE; surface->w = w; surface->h = h; surface->pitch = SDL_CalculatePitch(surface); SDL_SetClipRect(surface, NULL); } } if (surface) { surface->textureID = textureID; } return surface; } static int SDL_SurfacePaletteChanged(void *userdata, SDL_Palette * palette) { SDL_Surface *surface = (SDL_Surface *) userdata; if (surface->textureID) { if (SDL_SetTexturePalette (surface->textureID, palette->colors, 0, palette->ncolors) < 0) { SDL_GetTexturePalette(surface->textureID, palette->colors, 0, palette->ncolors); return -1; } } SDL_FormatChanged(surface); return 0; } int SDL_SetSurfacePalette(SDL_Surface * surface, SDL_Palette * palette) { if (!surface || !surface->format) { SDL_SetError("SDL_SetSurfacePalette() passed a NULL surface"); return -1; } if (palette && palette->ncolors != (1 << surface->format->BitsPerPixel)) { SDL_SetError ("SDL_SetSurfacePalette() passed a palette that doesn't match the surface format"); return -1; } if (surface->format->palette == palette) { return 0; } if (surface->format->palette) { SDL_DelPaletteWatch(surface->format->palette, SDL_SurfacePaletteChanged, surface); } surface->format->palette = palette; if (surface->format->palette) { SDL_AddPaletteWatch(surface->format->palette, SDL_SurfacePaletteChanged, surface); } return 0; } /* * Set the color key in a blittable surface */ int SDL_SetColorKey(SDL_Surface * surface, Uint32 flag, Uint32 key) { /* Sanity check the flag as it gets passed in */ if (flag & SDL_SRCCOLORKEY) { if (flag & (SDL_RLEACCEL | SDL_RLEACCELOK)) { flag = (SDL_SRCCOLORKEY | SDL_RLEACCELOK); } else { flag = SDL_SRCCOLORKEY; } } else { flag = 0; } /* Optimize away operations that don't change anything */ if ((flag == (surface->flags & (SDL_SRCCOLORKEY | SDL_RLEACCELOK))) && (key == surface->format->colorkey)) { return (0); } /* UnRLE surfaces before we change the colorkey */ if (surface->flags & SDL_RLEACCEL) { SDL_UnRLESurface(surface, 1); } if (flag) { surface->flags |= SDL_SRCCOLORKEY; surface->format->colorkey = key; if (flag & SDL_RLEACCELOK) { surface->flags |= SDL_RLEACCELOK; } else { surface->flags &= ~SDL_RLEACCELOK; } } else { surface->flags &= ~(SDL_SRCCOLORKEY | SDL_RLEACCELOK); surface->format->colorkey = 0; } SDL_InvalidateMap(surface->map); return (0); } /* This function sets the alpha channel of a surface */ int SDL_SetAlpha(SDL_Surface * surface, Uint32 flag, Uint8 value) { Uint32 oldflags = surface->flags; Uint32 oldalpha = surface->format->alpha; /* Sanity check the flag as it gets passed in */ if (flag & SDL_SRCALPHA) { if (flag & (SDL_RLEACCEL | SDL_RLEACCELOK)) { flag = (SDL_SRCALPHA | SDL_RLEACCELOK); } else { flag = SDL_SRCALPHA; } } else { flag = 0; } /* Optimize away operations that don't change anything */ if ((flag == (surface->flags & (SDL_SRCALPHA | SDL_RLEACCELOK))) && (!flag || value == oldalpha)) { return (0); } if (!(flag & SDL_RLEACCELOK) && (surface->flags & SDL_RLEACCEL)) SDL_UnRLESurface(surface, 1); if (flag) { surface->flags |= SDL_SRCALPHA; surface->format->alpha = value; if (flag & SDL_RLEACCELOK) { surface->flags |= SDL_RLEACCELOK; } else { surface->flags &= ~SDL_RLEACCELOK; } } else { surface->flags &= ~SDL_SRCALPHA; surface->format->alpha = SDL_ALPHA_OPAQUE; } /* * The representation for software surfaces is independent of * per-surface alpha, so no need to invalidate the blit mapping * if just the alpha value was changed. (If either is 255, we still * need to invalidate.) */ if (oldflags != surface->flags || (((oldalpha + 1) ^ (value + 1)) & 0x100)) { SDL_InvalidateMap(surface->map); } return (0); } int SDL_SetAlphaChannel(SDL_Surface * surface, Uint8 value) { int row, col; int offset; Uint8 *buf; if ((surface->format->Amask != 0xFF000000) && (surface->format->Amask != 0x000000FF)) { SDL_SetError("Unsupported surface alpha mask format"); return -1; } #if SDL_BYTEORDER == SDL_LIL_ENDIAN if (surface->format->Amask == 0xFF000000) { offset = 3; } else { offset = 0; } #else if (surface->format->Amask == 0xFF000000) { offset = 0; } else { offset = 3; } #endif /* Byte ordering */ /* Quickly set the alpha channel of an RGBA or ARGB surface */ if (SDL_MUSTLOCK(surface)) { if (SDL_LockSurface(surface) < 0) { return -1; } } row = surface->h; while (row--) { col = surface->w; buf = (Uint8 *) surface->pixels + row * surface->pitch + offset; while (col--) { *buf = value; buf += 4; } } if (SDL_MUSTLOCK(surface)) { SDL_UnlockSurface(surface); } return 0; } /* * Set the clipping rectangle for a blittable surface */ SDL_bool SDL_SetClipRect(SDL_Surface * surface, const SDL_Rect * rect) { SDL_Rect full_rect; /* Don't do anything if there's no surface to act on */ if (!surface) { return SDL_FALSE; } /* Set up the full surface rectangle */ full_rect.x = 0; full_rect.y = 0; full_rect.w = surface->w; full_rect.h = surface->h; /* Set the clipping rectangle */ if (!rect) { surface->clip_rect = full_rect; return 1; } return SDL_IntersectRect(rect, &full_rect, &surface->clip_rect); } void SDL_GetClipRect(SDL_Surface * surface, SDL_Rect * rect) { if (surface && rect) { *rect = surface->clip_rect; } } /* * Set up a blit between two surfaces -- split into three parts: * The upper part, SDL_UpperBlit(), performs clipping and rectangle * verification. The lower part is a pointer to a low level * accelerated blitting function. * * These parts are separated out and each used internally by this * library in the optimimum places. They are exported so that if * you know exactly what you are doing, you can optimize your code * by calling the one(s) you need. */ int SDL_LowerBlit(SDL_Surface * src, SDL_Rect * srcrect, SDL_Surface * dst, SDL_Rect * dstrect) { /* Check to make sure the blit mapping is valid */ if ((src->map->dst != dst) || (src->map->dst->format_version != src->map->format_version)) { if (SDL_MapSurface(src, dst) < 0) { return (-1); } } return (src->map->sw_blit(src, srcrect, dst, dstrect)); } int SDL_UpperBlit(SDL_Surface * src, SDL_Rect * srcrect, SDL_Surface * dst, SDL_Rect * dstrect) { SDL_Rect fulldst; int srcx, srcy, w, h; /* Make sure the surfaces aren't locked */ if (!src || !dst) { SDL_SetError("SDL_UpperBlit: passed a NULL surface"); return (-1); } if (src->locked || dst->locked) { SDL_SetError("Surfaces must not be locked during blit"); return (-1); } /* If the destination rectangle is NULL, use the entire dest surface */ if (dstrect == NULL) { fulldst.x = fulldst.y = 0; dstrect = &fulldst; } /* clip the source rectangle to the source surface */ if (srcrect) { int maxw, maxh; srcx = srcrect->x; w = srcrect->w; if (srcx < 0) { w += srcx; dstrect->x -= srcx; srcx = 0; } maxw = src->w - srcx; if (maxw < w) w = maxw; srcy = srcrect->y; h = srcrect->h; if (srcy < 0) { h += srcy; dstrect->y -= srcy; srcy = 0; } maxh = src->h - srcy; if (maxh < h) h = maxh; } else { srcx = srcy = 0; w = src->w; h = src->h; } /* clip the destination rectangle against the clip rectangle */ { SDL_Rect *clip = &dst->clip_rect; int dx, dy; dx = clip->x - dstrect->x; if (dx > 0) { w -= dx; dstrect->x += dx; srcx += dx; } dx = dstrect->x + w - clip->x - clip->w; if (dx > 0) w -= dx; dy = clip->y - dstrect->y; if (dy > 0) { h -= dy; dstrect->y += dy; srcy += dy; } dy = dstrect->y + h - clip->y - clip->h; if (dy > 0) h -= dy; } if (w > 0 && h > 0) { SDL_Rect sr; sr.x = srcx; sr.y = srcy; sr.w = dstrect->w = w; sr.h = dstrect->h = h; return SDL_LowerBlit(src, &sr, dst, dstrect); } dstrect->w = dstrect->h = 0; return 0; } static int SDL_FillRect1(SDL_Surface * dst, SDL_Rect * dstrect, Uint32 color) { /* FIXME: We have to worry about packing order.. *sigh* */ SDL_SetError("1-bpp rect fill not yet implemented"); return -1; } static int SDL_FillRect4(SDL_Surface * dst, SDL_Rect * dstrect, Uint32 color) { /* FIXME: We have to worry about packing order.. *sigh* */ SDL_SetError("4-bpp rect fill not yet implemented"); return -1; } /* * This function performs a fast fill of the given rectangle with 'color' */ int SDL_FillRect(SDL_Surface * dst, SDL_Rect * dstrect, Uint32 color) { int x, y; Uint8 *row; /* This function doesn't work on surfaces < 8 bpp */ if (dst->format->BitsPerPixel < 8) { switch (dst->format->BitsPerPixel) { case 1: return SDL_FillRect1(dst, dstrect, color); break; case 4: return SDL_FillRect4(dst, dstrect, color); break; default: SDL_SetError("Fill rect on unsupported surface format"); return (-1); break; } } /* If 'dstrect' == NULL, then fill the whole surface */ if (dstrect) { /* Perform clipping */ if (!SDL_IntersectRect(dstrect, &dst->clip_rect, dstrect)) { return (0); } } else { dstrect = &dst->clip_rect; } /* Perform software fill */ if (SDL_LockSurface(dst) != 0) { return (-1); } row = (Uint8 *) dst->pixels + dstrect->y * dst->pitch + dstrect->x * dst->format->BytesPerPixel; if (dst->format->palette || (color == 0)) { x = dstrect->w * dst->format->BytesPerPixel; if (!color && !((uintptr_t) row & 3) && !(x & 3) && !(dst->pitch & 3)) { int n = x >> 2; for (y = dstrect->h; y; --y) { SDL_memset4(row, 0, n); row += dst->pitch; } } else { #ifdef __powerpc__ /* * SDL_memset() on PPC (both glibc and codewarrior) uses * the dcbz (Data Cache Block Zero) instruction, which * causes an alignment exception if the destination is * uncachable, so only use it on software surfaces */ if (dst->flags & SDL_HWSURFACE) { if (dstrect->w >= 8) { /* * 64-bit stores are probably most * efficient to uncached video memory */ double fill; SDL_memset(&fill, color, (sizeof fill)); for (y = dstrect->h; y; y--) { Uint8 *d = row; unsigned n = x; unsigned nn; Uint8 c = color; double f = fill; while ((unsigned long) d & (sizeof(double) - 1)) { *d++ = c; n--; } nn = n / (sizeof(double) * 4); while (nn) { ((double *) d)[0] = f; ((double *) d)[1] = f; ((double *) d)[2] = f; ((double *) d)[3] = f; d += 4 * sizeof(double); nn--; } n &= ~(sizeof(double) * 4 - 1); nn = n / sizeof(double); while (nn) { *(double *) d = f; d += sizeof(double); nn--; } n &= ~(sizeof(double) - 1); while (n) { *d++ = c; n--; } row += dst->pitch; } } else { /* narrow boxes */ for (y = dstrect->h; y; y--) { Uint8 *d = row; Uint8 c = color; int n = x; while (n) { *d++ = c; n--; } row += dst->pitch; } } } else #endif /* __powerpc__ */ { for (y = dstrect->h; y; y--) { SDL_memset(row, color, x); row += dst->pitch; } } } } else { switch (dst->format->BytesPerPixel) { case 2: for (y = dstrect->h; y; --y) { Uint16 *pixels = (Uint16 *) row; Uint16 c = (Uint16) color; Uint32 cc = (Uint32) c << 16 | c; int n = dstrect->w; if ((uintptr_t) pixels & 3) { *pixels++ = c; n--; } if (n >> 1) SDL_memset4(pixels, cc, n >> 1); if (n & 1) pixels[n - 1] = c; row += dst->pitch; } break; case 3: #if SDL_BYTEORDER == SDL_BIG_ENDIAN color <<= 8; #endif for (y = dstrect->h; y; --y) { Uint8 *pixels = row; for (x = dstrect->w; x; --x) { SDL_memcpy(pixels, &color, 3); pixels += 3; } row += dst->pitch; } break; case 4: for (y = dstrect->h; y; --y) { SDL_memset4(row, color, dstrect->w); row += dst->pitch; } break; } } SDL_UnlockSurface(dst); /* We're done! */ return (0); } /* * Lock a surface to directly access the pixels */ int SDL_LockSurface(SDL_Surface * surface) { if (!surface->locked) { /* Perform the lock */ if (surface->flags & SDL_HWSURFACE) { if (SDL_LockTexture (surface->textureID, NULL, 1, &surface->pixels, &surface->pitch) < 0) { return (-1); } } if (surface->flags & SDL_RLEACCEL) { SDL_UnRLESurface(surface, 1); surface->flags |= SDL_RLEACCEL; /* save accel'd state */ } } /* Increment the surface lock count, for recursive locks */ ++surface->locked; /* Ready to go.. */ return (0); } /* * Unlock a previously locked surface */ void SDL_UnlockSurface(SDL_Surface * surface) { /* Only perform an unlock if we are locked */ if (!surface->locked || (--surface->locked > 0)) { return; } /* Unlock hardware or accelerated surfaces */ if (surface->flags & SDL_HWSURFACE) { SDL_UnlockTexture(surface->textureID); } /* Update RLE encoded surface with new data */ if ((surface->flags & SDL_RLEACCEL) == SDL_RLEACCEL) { surface->flags &= ~SDL_RLEACCEL; /* stop lying */ SDL_RLESurface(surface); } } /* * Convert a surface into the specified pixel format. */ SDL_Surface * SDL_ConvertSurface(SDL_Surface * surface, SDL_PixelFormat * format, Uint32 flags) { SDL_Surface *convert; Uint32 colorkey = 0; Uint8 alpha = 0; Uint32 surface_flags; SDL_Rect bounds; /* Check for empty destination palette! (results in empty image) */ if (format->palette != NULL) { int i; for (i = 0; i < format->palette->ncolors; ++i) { if ((format->palette->colors[i].r != 0xFF) || (format->palette->colors[i].g != 0xFF) || (format->palette->colors[i].b != 0xFF)) break; } if (i == format->palette->ncolors) { SDL_SetError("Empty destination palette"); return (NULL); } } /* Create a new surface with the desired format */ convert = SDL_CreateRGBSurface(flags, surface->w, surface->h, format->BitsPerPixel, format->Rmask, format->Gmask, format->Bmask, format->Amask); if (convert == NULL) { return (NULL); } /* Copy the palette if any */ if (format->palette && convert->format->palette) { SDL_memcpy(convert->format->palette->colors, format->palette->colors, format->palette->ncolors * sizeof(SDL_Color)); convert->format->palette->ncolors = format->palette->ncolors; } /* Save the original surface color key and alpha */ surface_flags = surface->flags; if ((surface_flags & SDL_SRCCOLORKEY) == SDL_SRCCOLORKEY) { /* Convert colourkeyed surfaces to RGBA if requested */ if ((flags & SDL_SRCCOLORKEY) != SDL_SRCCOLORKEY && format->Amask) { surface_flags &= ~SDL_SRCCOLORKEY; } else { colorkey = surface->format->colorkey; SDL_SetColorKey(surface, 0, 0); } } if ((surface_flags & SDL_SRCALPHA) == SDL_SRCALPHA) { /* Copy over the alpha channel to RGBA if requested */ if (format->Amask) { surface->flags &= ~SDL_SRCALPHA; } else { alpha = surface->format->alpha; SDL_SetAlpha(surface, 0, 0); } } /* Copy over the image data */ bounds.x = 0; bounds.y = 0; bounds.w = surface->w; bounds.h = surface->h; SDL_LowerBlit(surface, &bounds, convert, &bounds); /* Clean up the original surface, and update converted surface */ if (convert != NULL) { SDL_SetClipRect(convert, &surface->clip_rect); } if ((surface_flags & SDL_SRCCOLORKEY) == SDL_SRCCOLORKEY) { Uint32 cflags = surface_flags & (SDL_SRCCOLORKEY | SDL_RLEACCELOK); if (convert != NULL) { Uint8 keyR, keyG, keyB; SDL_GetRGB(colorkey, surface->format, &keyR, &keyG, &keyB); SDL_SetColorKey(convert, cflags | (flags & SDL_RLEACCELOK), SDL_MapRGB(convert->format, keyR, keyG, keyB)); } SDL_SetColorKey(surface, cflags, colorkey); } if ((surface_flags & SDL_SRCALPHA) == SDL_SRCALPHA) { Uint32 aflags = surface_flags & (SDL_SRCALPHA | SDL_RLEACCELOK); if (convert != NULL) { SDL_SetAlpha(convert, aflags | (flags & SDL_RLEACCELOK), alpha); } if (format->Amask) { surface->flags |= SDL_SRCALPHA; } else { SDL_SetAlpha(surface, aflags, alpha); } } /* We're ready to go! */ return (convert); } /* * Free a surface created by the above function. */ void SDL_FreeSurface(SDL_Surface * surface) { if (surface == NULL) { return; } if (--surface->refcount > 0) { return; } while (surface->locked > 0) { SDL_UnlockSurface(surface); } if (surface->flags & SDL_RLEACCEL) { SDL_UnRLESurface(surface, 0); } if (surface->format) { SDL_SetSurfacePalette(surface, NULL); SDL_FreeFormat(surface->format); surface->format = NULL; } if (surface->map != NULL) { SDL_FreeBlitMap(surface->map); surface->map = NULL; } /* Should we destroy the texture too? if (surface->textureID) { SDL_DestroyTexture(surface->textureID); } */ if (surface->pixels && ((surface->flags & SDL_PREALLOC) != SDL_PREALLOC)) { SDL_free(surface->pixels); } SDL_free(surface); #ifdef CHECK_LEAKS --surfaces_allocated; #endif } /* vi: set ts=4 sw=4 expandtab: */