Mercurial > sdl-ios-xcode

view docs/html/guidevideoopengl.html @ 4167:a6f635e5eaa6 SDL-1.2

Find changesets by keywords (author, files, the commit message), revision number or hash, or revset expression.
Fixed bug #611 From Tim Angus 2008-08-12 11:18:06 I'm one of the maintainers of ioquake3.org, an updated version of the Quake 3 engine. Relatively recently, we moved ioq3 to use SDL as a replacement for 95% of the platform specific code that was there. On the whole it's doing a great job but unfortunately since the move we've been getting complaints about the quality of the mouse input on the Windows platform to the point where for many the game is unplayable. Put in other terms, the current stable SDL 1.2 is basically not fit for purpose if you need high quality mouse input as you do in a first person shooter. Over the weekend I decided to pull my finger out and actually figure out what's going on. There are basically two major problems. Firstly, when using the "windib" driver, mouse input is gathered via the WM_MOUSEMOVE message. Googling for this indicates that often this is known to result in "spurious" and/or "missing" mouse movement events; this is the primary cause of the poor mouse input. The second problem is that the "directx" driver does not work at all in combination with OpenGL meaning that you can't use DirectInput if your application also uses OpenGL. In other words you're locked into using the "windib" driver and its poor mouse input. In order to address these problems I've done the following: * Remove WM_MOUSEMOVE based motion event generation and replace with calls to GetCursorPos which seems much more reliable. In order to achieve this I've moved mouse motion out into a separate function that is called once per DIB_PumpEvents. * Remove the restriction on the "directx" driver being inoperable in combination with OpenGL. There is a bug for this issues that I've hijacked to a certain extent (http://bugzilla.libsdl.org/show_bug.cgi?id=265). I'm the first to admit I don't really understand why this restriction is there in the first place. The commit message for the bug fix that introduced this restriction (r581) isn't very elaborate and I couldn't see any other bug tracking the issue. If anyone has more information on the bug that was avoided by r581 it would be helpful as I/someone could then look into addressing the problem without disabling the "directx" driver. * I've also removed the restriction on not being allowed to use DirectInput in windowed mode. I couldn't see any reason for this, at least not from our perspective. I have my suspicions that it'll be something like matching up the cursor with the mouse coordinates... * I bumped up the DirectInput API used to version 7 in order to get access to mouse buttons 4-7. I've had to inject a little bit of the DX7 headers into SDL there as the MinGW ones aren't up to date in this respect.
author Sam Lantinga <slouken@libsdl.org>
date Thu, 02 Apr 2009 04:43:36 +0000
parents f12379c41042
children
line wrap: on
line source

<HTML
><HEAD
><TITLE
>Using OpenGL With SDL</TITLE
><META
NAME="GENERATOR"
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.76b+
"><LINK
REL="HOME"
TITLE="SDL Library Documentation"
HREF="index.html"><LINK
REL="UP"
TITLE="Graphics and Video"
HREF="guidevideo.html"><LINK
REL="PREVIOUS"
TITLE="Graphics and Video"
HREF="guidevideo.html"><LINK
REL="NEXT"
TITLE="Input handling"
HREF="guideinput.html"></HEAD
><BODY
CLASS="SECT1"
BGCOLOR="#FFF8DC"
TEXT="#000000"
LINK="#0000ee"
VLINK="#551a8b"
ALINK="#ff0000"
><DIV
CLASS="NAVHEADER"
><TABLE
SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
><TR
><TH
COLSPAN="3"
ALIGN="center"
>SDL Library Documentation</TH
></TR
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="10%"
ALIGN="left"
VALIGN="bottom"
><A
HREF="guidevideo.html"
ACCESSKEY="P"
>Prev</A
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="80%"
ALIGN="center"
VALIGN="bottom"
>Chapter 2. Graphics and Video</TD
><TD
WIDTH="10%"
ALIGN="right"
VALIGN="bottom"
><A
HREF="guideinput.html"
ACCESSKEY="N"
>Next</A
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><HR
ALIGN="LEFT"
WIDTH="100%"></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT1"
><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="GUIDEVIDEOOPENGL"
></A
>Using OpenGL With SDL</H1
><P
>SDL has the ability to create and use OpenGL contexts on several platforms(Linux/X11, Win32, BeOS, MacOS Classic/Toolbox, Mac OS X, FreeBSD/X11 and Solaris/X11). This allows you to use SDL's audio, event handling, threads and times in your OpenGL applications (a function often performed by GLUT).</P
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN103"
></A
>Initialisation</H2
><P
>Initialising SDL to use OpenGL is not very different to initialising SDL normally. There are three differences; you must pass <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SDL_OPENGL</TT
> to <A
HREF="sdlsetvideomode.html"
><TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>SDL_SetVideoMode</TT
></A
>, you must specify several GL attributes (depth buffer size, framebuffer sizes) using <A
HREF="sdlglsetattribute.html"
><TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>SDL_GL_SetAttribute</TT
></A
> and finally, if you wish to use double buffering you must specify it as a GL attribute, <SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>not</I
></SPAN
> by passing the <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SDL_DOUBLEBUF</TT
> flag to <TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>SDL_SetVideoMode</TT
>.</P
><DIV
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><A
NAME="AEN114"
></A
><P
><B
>Example 2-7. Initializing SDL with OpenGL</B
></P
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>    /* Information about the current video settings. */
    const SDL_VideoInfo* info = NULL;
    /* Dimensions of our window. */
    int width = 0;
    int height = 0;
    /* Color depth in bits of our window. */
    int bpp = 0;
    /* Flags we will pass into SDL_SetVideoMode. */
    int flags = 0;

    /* First, initialize SDL's video subsystem. */
    if( SDL_Init( SDL_INIT_VIDEO ) &#60; 0 ) {
        /* Failed, exit. */
        fprintf( stderr, "Video initialization failed: %s\n",
             SDL_GetError( ) );
        quit_tutorial( 1 );
    }

    /* Let's get some video information. */
    info = SDL_GetVideoInfo( );

    if( !info ) {
        /* This should probably never happen. */
        fprintf( stderr, "Video query failed: %s\n",
             SDL_GetError( ) );
        quit_tutorial( 1 );
    }

    /*
     * Set our width/height to 640/480 (you would
     * of course let the user decide this in a normal
     * app). We get the bpp we will request from
     * the display. On X11, VidMode can't change
     * resolution, so this is probably being overly
     * safe. Under Win32, ChangeDisplaySettings
     * can change the bpp.
     */
    width = 640;
    height = 480;
    bpp = info-&#62;vfmt-&#62;BitsPerPixel;

    /*
     * Now, we want to setup our requested
     * window attributes for our OpenGL window.
     * We want *at least* 5 bits of red, green
     * and blue. We also want at least a 16-bit
     * depth buffer.
     *
     * The last thing we do is request a double
     * buffered window. '1' turns on double
     * buffering, '0' turns it off.
     *
     * Note that we do not use SDL_DOUBLEBUF in
     * the flags to SDL_SetVideoMode. That does
     * not affect the GL attribute state, only
     * the standard 2D blitting setup.
     */
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_RED_SIZE, 5 );
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_GREEN_SIZE, 5 );
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_BLUE_SIZE, 5 );
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_DEPTH_SIZE, 16 );
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER, 1 );

    /*
     * We want to request that SDL provide us
     * with an OpenGL window, in a fullscreen
     * video mode.
     *
     * EXERCISE:
     * Make starting windowed an option, and
     * handle the resize events properly with
     * glViewport.
     */
    flags = SDL_OPENGL | SDL_FULLSCREEN;

    /*
     * Set the video mode
     */
    if( SDL_SetVideoMode( width, height, bpp, flags ) == 0 ) {
        /* 
         * This could happen for a variety of reasons,
         * including DISPLAY not being set, the specified
         * resolution not being available, etc.
         */
        fprintf( stderr, "Video mode set failed: %s\n",
             SDL_GetError( ) );
        quit_tutorial( 1 );
    }</PRE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN117"
></A
>Drawing</H2
><P
>Apart from initialisation, using OpenGL within SDL is the same as using OpenGL
with any other API, e.g. GLUT. You still use all the same function calls and
data types. However if you are using a double-buffered display, then you must
use
<A
HREF="sdlglswapbuffers.html"
><TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>SDL_GL_SwapBuffers()</TT
></A
>
to swap the buffers and update the display. To request double-buffering
with OpenGL, use
<A
HREF="sdlglsetattribute.html"
><TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>SDL_GL_SetAttribute</TT
></A
>
with <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SDL_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER</TT
>, and use
<A
HREF="sdlglgetattribute.html"
><TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>SDL_GL_GetAttribute</TT
></A
>
to see if you actually got it.</P
><P
>A full example code listing is now presented below.</P
><DIV
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><A
NAME="AEN128"
></A
><P
><B
>Example 2-8. SDL and OpenGL</B
></P
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>/*
 * SDL OpenGL Tutorial.
 * (c) Michael Vance, 2000
 * briareos@lokigames.com
 *
 * Distributed under terms of the LGPL. 
 */

#include &#60;SDL/SDL.h&#62;
#include &#60;GL/gl.h&#62;
#include &#60;GL/glu.h&#62;

#include &#60;stdio.h&#62;
#include &#60;stdlib.h&#62;

static GLboolean should_rotate = GL_TRUE;

static void quit_tutorial( int code )
{
    /*
     * Quit SDL so we can release the fullscreen
     * mode and restore the previous video settings,
     * etc.
     */
    SDL_Quit( );

    /* Exit program. */
    exit( code );
}

static void handle_key_down( SDL_keysym* keysym )
{

    /* 
     * We're only interested if 'Esc' has
     * been presssed.
     *
     * EXERCISE: 
     * Handle the arrow keys and have that change the
     * viewing position/angle.
     */
    switch( keysym-&#62;sym ) {
    case SDLK_ESCAPE:
        quit_tutorial( 0 );
        break;
    case SDLK_SPACE:
        should_rotate = !should_rotate;
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }

}

static void process_events( void )
{
    /* Our SDL event placeholder. */
    SDL_Event event;

    /* Grab all the events off the queue. */
    while( SDL_PollEvent( &#38;event ) ) {

        switch( event.type ) {
        case SDL_KEYDOWN:
            /* Handle key presses. */
            handle_key_down( &#38;event.key.keysym );
            break;
        case SDL_QUIT:
            /* Handle quit requests (like Ctrl-c). */
            quit_tutorial( 0 );
            break;
        }

    }

}

static void draw_screen( void )
{
    /* Our angle of rotation. */
    static float angle = 0.0f;

    /*
     * EXERCISE:
     * Replace this awful mess with vertex
     * arrays and a call to glDrawElements.
     *
     * EXERCISE:
     * After completing the above, change
     * it to use compiled vertex arrays.
     *
     * EXERCISE:
     * Verify my windings are correct here ;).
     */
    static GLfloat v0[] = { -1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f };
    static GLfloat v1[] = {  1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f };
    static GLfloat v2[] = {  1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f };
    static GLfloat v3[] = { -1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f };
    static GLfloat v4[] = { -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f };
    static GLfloat v5[] = {  1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f };
    static GLfloat v6[] = {  1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f };
    static GLfloat v7[] = { -1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f };
    static GLubyte red[]    = { 255,   0,   0, 255 };
    static GLubyte green[]  = {   0, 255,   0, 255 };
    static GLubyte blue[]   = {   0,   0, 255, 255 };
    static GLubyte white[]  = { 255, 255, 255, 255 };
    static GLubyte yellow[] = {   0, 255, 255, 255 };
    static GLubyte black[]  = {   0,   0,   0, 255 };
    static GLubyte orange[] = { 255, 255,   0, 255 };
    static GLubyte purple[] = { 255,   0, 255,   0 };

    /* Clear the color and depth buffers. */
    glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT );

    /* We don't want to modify the projection matrix. */
    glMatrixMode( GL_MODELVIEW );
    glLoadIdentity( );

    /* Move down the z-axis. */
    glTranslatef( 0.0, 0.0, -5.0 );

    /* Rotate. */
    glRotatef( angle, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 );

    if( should_rotate ) {

        if( ++angle &#62; 360.0f ) {
            angle = 0.0f;
        }

    }

    /* Send our triangle data to the pipeline. */
    glBegin( GL_TRIANGLES );

    glColor4ubv( red );
    glVertex3fv( v0 );
    glColor4ubv( green );
    glVertex3fv( v1 );
    glColor4ubv( blue );
    glVertex3fv( v2 );

    glColor4ubv( red );
    glVertex3fv( v0 );
    glColor4ubv( blue );
    glVertex3fv( v2 );
    glColor4ubv( white );
    glVertex3fv( v3 );

    glColor4ubv( green );
    glVertex3fv( v1 );
    glColor4ubv( black );
    glVertex3fv( v5 );
    glColor4ubv( orange );
    glVertex3fv( v6 );

    glColor4ubv( green );
    glVertex3fv( v1 );
    glColor4ubv( orange );
    glVertex3fv( v6 );
    glColor4ubv( blue );
    glVertex3fv( v2 );

    glColor4ubv( black );
    glVertex3fv( v5 );
    glColor4ubv( yellow );
    glVertex3fv( v4 );
    glColor4ubv( purple );
    glVertex3fv( v7 );

    glColor4ubv( black );
    glVertex3fv( v5 );
    glColor4ubv( purple );
    glVertex3fv( v7 );
    glColor4ubv( orange );
    glVertex3fv( v6 );

    glColor4ubv( yellow );
    glVertex3fv( v4 );
    glColor4ubv( red );
    glVertex3fv( v0 );
    glColor4ubv( white );
    glVertex3fv( v3 );

    glColor4ubv( yellow );
    glVertex3fv( v4 );
    glColor4ubv( white );
    glVertex3fv( v3 );
    glColor4ubv( purple );
    glVertex3fv( v7 );

    glColor4ubv( white );
    glVertex3fv( v3 );
    glColor4ubv( blue );
    glVertex3fv( v2 );
    glColor4ubv( orange );
    glVertex3fv( v6 );

    glColor4ubv( white );
    glVertex3fv( v3 );
    glColor4ubv( orange );
    glVertex3fv( v6 );
    glColor4ubv( purple );
    glVertex3fv( v7 );

    glColor4ubv( green );
    glVertex3fv( v1 );
    glColor4ubv( red );
    glVertex3fv( v0 );
    glColor4ubv( yellow );
    glVertex3fv( v4 );

    glColor4ubv( green );
    glVertex3fv( v1 );
    glColor4ubv( yellow );
    glVertex3fv( v4 );
    glColor4ubv( black );
    glVertex3fv( v5 );

    glEnd( );

    /*
     * EXERCISE:
     * Draw text telling the user that 'Spc'
     * pauses the rotation and 'Esc' quits.
     * Do it using vetors and textured quads.
     */

    /*
     * Swap the buffers. This this tells the driver to
     * render the next frame from the contents of the
     * back-buffer, and to set all rendering operations
     * to occur on what was the front-buffer.
     *
     * Double buffering prevents nasty visual tearing
     * from the application drawing on areas of the
     * screen that are being updated at the same time.
     */
    SDL_GL_SwapBuffers( );
}

static void setup_opengl( int width, int height )
{
    float ratio = (float) width / (float) height;

    /* Our shading model--Gouraud (smooth). */
    glShadeModel( GL_SMOOTH );

    /* Culling. */
    glCullFace( GL_BACK );
    glFrontFace( GL_CCW );
    glEnable( GL_CULL_FACE );

    /* Set the clear color. */
    glClearColor( 0, 0, 0, 0 );

    /* Setup our viewport. */
    glViewport( 0, 0, width, height );

    /*
     * Change to the projection matrix and set
     * our viewing volume.
     */
    glMatrixMode( GL_PROJECTION );
    glLoadIdentity( );
    /*
     * EXERCISE:
     * Replace this with a call to glFrustum.
     */
    gluPerspective( 60.0, ratio, 1.0, 1024.0 );
}

int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
    /* Information about the current video settings. */
    const SDL_VideoInfo* info = NULL;
    /* Dimensions of our window. */
    int width = 0;
    int height = 0;
    /* Color depth in bits of our window. */
    int bpp = 0;
    /* Flags we will pass into SDL_SetVideoMode. */
    int flags = 0;

    /* First, initialize SDL's video subsystem. */
    if( SDL_Init( SDL_INIT_VIDEO ) &#60; 0 ) {
        /* Failed, exit. */
        fprintf( stderr, "Video initialization failed: %s\n",
             SDL_GetError( ) );
        quit_tutorial( 1 );
    }

    /* Let's get some video information. */
    info = SDL_GetVideoInfo( );

    if( !info ) {
        /* This should probably never happen. */
        fprintf( stderr, "Video query failed: %s\n",
             SDL_GetError( ) );
        quit_tutorial( 1 );
    }

    /*
     * Set our width/height to 640/480 (you would
     * of course let the user decide this in a normal
     * app). We get the bpp we will request from
     * the display. On X11, VidMode can't change
     * resolution, so this is probably being overly
     * safe. Under Win32, ChangeDisplaySettings
     * can change the bpp.
     */
    width = 640;
    height = 480;
    bpp = info-&#62;vfmt-&#62;BitsPerPixel;

    /*
     * Now, we want to setup our requested
     * window attributes for our OpenGL window.
     * We want *at least* 5 bits of red, green
     * and blue. We also want at least a 16-bit
     * depth buffer.
     *
     * The last thing we do is request a double
     * buffered window. '1' turns on double
     * buffering, '0' turns it off.
     *
     * Note that we do not use SDL_DOUBLEBUF in
     * the flags to SDL_SetVideoMode. That does
     * not affect the GL attribute state, only
     * the standard 2D blitting setup.
     */
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_RED_SIZE, 5 );
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_GREEN_SIZE, 5 );
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_BLUE_SIZE, 5 );
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_DEPTH_SIZE, 16 );
    SDL_GL_SetAttribute( SDL_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER, 1 );

    /*
     * We want to request that SDL provide us
     * with an OpenGL window, in a fullscreen
     * video mode.
     *
     * EXERCISE:
     * Make starting windowed an option, and
     * handle the resize events properly with
     * glViewport.
     */
    flags = SDL_OPENGL | SDL_FULLSCREEN;

    /*
     * Set the video mode
     */
    if( SDL_SetVideoMode( width, height, bpp, flags ) == 0 ) {
        /* 
         * This could happen for a variety of reasons,
         * including DISPLAY not being set, the specified
         * resolution not being available, etc.
         */
        fprintf( stderr, "Video mode set failed: %s\n",
             SDL_GetError( ) );
        quit_tutorial( 1 );
    }

    /*
     * At this point, we should have a properly setup
     * double-buffered window for use with OpenGL.
     */
    setup_opengl( width, height );

    /*
     * Now we want to begin our normal app process--
     * an event loop with a lot of redrawing.
     */
    while( 1 ) {
        /* Process incoming events. */
        process_events( );
        /* Draw the screen. */
        draw_screen( );
    }

    /*
     * EXERCISE:
     * Record timings using SDL_GetTicks() and
     * and print out frames per second at program
     * end.
     */

    /* Never reached. */
    return 0;
}</PRE
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
><HR
ALIGN="LEFT"
WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="33%"
ALIGN="left"
VALIGN="top"
><A
HREF="guidevideo.html"
ACCESSKEY="P"
>Prev</A
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="34%"
ALIGN="center"
VALIGN="top"
><A
HREF="index.html"
ACCESSKEY="H"
>Home</A
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="33%"
ALIGN="right"
VALIGN="top"
><A
HREF="guideinput.html"
ACCESSKEY="N"
>Next</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="33%"
ALIGN="left"
VALIGN="top"
>Graphics and Video</TD
><TD
WIDTH="34%"
ALIGN="center"
VALIGN="top"
><A
HREF="guidevideo.html"
ACCESSKEY="U"
>Up</A
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="33%"
ALIGN="right"
VALIGN="top"
>Input handling</TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></BODY
></HTML
>