view docs/html/sdlpixelformat.html @ 4139:568c9b3c0167 SDL-1.2

* Added configure option --enable-screensaver, to allow enabling the screensaver by default. * Use XResetScreenSaver() instead of disabling screensaver entirely. Full discussion summary from Erik on the SDL mailing list: Current behaviour ================= SDL changes the user's display power management settings without permission from the user and without telling the user. The interface that it uses to do so is DPMSDisable/DPMSEnable, which should only ever be used by configuration utilities like KControl, never by normal application programs, let alone by the libraries that they use. Using an interface that is not at all intended for what SDL tries to achieve means that it will not work as it should. Firstly, the power management is completely disabled during the whole lifetime of the SDL program, not only when it should be. Secondly, it makes SDL non-reentrant, meaning that things will break when multiple SDL programs are clients of the same X server simultaneously. Thirdly, no cleanup mechanism ensures that the setting is restored if the client does not do that (for example if it crashes). In addition to that, this interface is broken on xorg, [http://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=13962], so what SDL tries to do does not work at all on that implementation of the X Window System. (The reason that the DPMSEnable works in KControl is that it calls DPMSSetTimeout immediately after, [http://websvn.kde.org/tags/KDE/3.5.9/kdebase/kcontrol/energy/energy.cpp?annotate=774532#l343]). The problems that the current behaviour causes ============================================== 1. Information leak. When the user is away, someone might see what the user has on the display when the user counts on the screensaver preventing this. This does not even require physical access to the workstation, it is enough to see it from a distance. 2. Draining battery. An SDL program that runs on a laptop will quickly drain the battery while the user is away. The system will soon shut down and require recharging before being usable again, while it should in fact have consumed very little energy if the user's settings would have been obeyed. 3. Wasting energy. Even if battery issues are not considered, energy as such is wasted. 4. Display wear. The display may be worn out. The problems that the current behaviour tries to solve ====================================================== 1. Preventing screensaver while playing movies. Many SDL applications are media players. They have reasons to prevent screensavers from being activated while a movie is being played. When a user clicks on the play button it can be interpreted as saying "play this movie, but do not turn off the display while playing it, because I will watch it even though I do not interact with the system". 2. Preventing screensaver when some input bypasses X. Sometimes SDL uses input from another source than the X server, so that the X server is bypassed. This obviously breaks the screensaver handling. SDL tries to work around that. 3. Preventing screensaver when all input bypasses X. There is something called Direct Graphics Access mode, where a program takes control of both the display and the input devices from the X server. This obviously means that the X server can not handle the screensaver alone, since screensaver handling depends on input handling. SDL does not do what it should to help the X server to handle the screensaver. Nor does SDL take care of screeensaver handling itself. SDL simply disables the screensaver completely. How the problems should be solved ================================= The correct way for an application program to prevent the screensaver under X is to call XResetScreenSaver. This was recently discovered and implemented by the mplayer developers, [http://svn.mplayerhq.hu/mplayer?view=rev&revision=25637]. SDL needs to wrap this in an API call (SDL_ResetScreenSaver) and implement it for the other video targets (if they do not have a corresponding call, SDL should do what it takes on that particular target, for example sending fake key events). 1. When a movie is played, the player should reset the screensaver when the animation is advanced to a new frame. The same applies to anything similar, like slideshows. 2. When the X server is handling input, it must handle all input (keyboards, mice, gamepads, ...). This is necessary, not only to be able to handle the screensaver, but also so that it can send the events to the correct (the currently active) client. If there is an input device that the X server can not handle for some reason (such as lack of Plug and Play capability), the program that handles the device as a workaround must simulate what would happen if the X server would have handled the device, by calling XResetScreenSaver when input is received from the device. 3. When the X server is not handling the input, it depends on the program that does to call XResetScreenSaver whenever an input event occurs. Alternatively the program must handle the screensaver countdown internally and call XActivateScreenSaver.
author Sam Lantinga <slouken@libsdl.org>
date Fri, 29 Feb 2008 13:55:44 +0000
parents e867f327aa54
children
line wrap: on
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<HTML
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>SDL_PixelFormat</TITLE
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><H1
><A
NAME="SDLPIXELFORMAT"
></A
>SDL_PixelFormat</H1
><DIV
CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
><A
NAME="AEN3178"
></A
><H2
>Name</H2
>SDL_PixelFormat&nbsp;--&nbsp;Stores surface format information</DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN3181"
></A
><H2
>Structure Definition</H2
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>typedef struct SDL_PixelFormat {
  SDL_Palette *palette;
  Uint8  BitsPerPixel;
  Uint8  BytesPerPixel;
  Uint8  Rloss, Gloss, Bloss, Aloss;
  Uint8  Rshift, Gshift, Bshift, Ashift;
  Uint32 Rmask, Gmask, Bmask, Amask;
  Uint32 colorkey;
  Uint8  alpha;
} SDL_PixelFormat;</PRE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN3184"
></A
><H2
>Structure Data</H2
><DIV
CLASS="INFORMALTABLE"
><A
NAME="AEN3186"
></A
><P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
><I
>palette</I
></TT
></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
>Pointer to the <A
HREF="sdlpalette.html"
>palette</A
>, or <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>NULL</TT
> if the <TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
><I
>BitsPerPixel</I
></TT
>&#62;8</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
><I
>BitsPerPixel</I
></TT
></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
>The number of bits used to represent each pixel in a surface. Usually 8, 16, 24 or 32.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
><I
>BytesPerPixel</I
></TT
></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
>The number of bytes used to represent each pixel in a surface. Usually one to four.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
><I
>[RGBA]mask</I
></TT
></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
>Binary mask used to retrieve individual color values</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
><I
>[RGBA]loss</I
></TT
></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
>Precision loss of each color component (2<SUP
>[RGBA]loss</SUP
>)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
><I
>[RGBA]shift</I
></TT
></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
>Binary left shift of each color component in the pixel value</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
><I
>colorkey</I
></TT
></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
>Pixel value of transparent pixels</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
><I
>alpha</I
></TT
></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
>Overall surface alpha value</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN3225"
></A
><H2
>Description</H2
><P
>A <SPAN
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>SDL_PixelFormat</SPAN
> describes the format of the pixel data stored at the <TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
><I
>pixels</I
></TT
> field of a <A
HREF="sdlsurface.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>SDL_Surface</SPAN
></A
>. Every surface stores a <SPAN
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>SDL_PixelFormat</SPAN
> in the <TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
><I
>format</I
></TT
> field.</P
><P
>If you wish to do pixel level modifications on a surface, then understanding how SDL stores its color information is essential.</P
><P
>8-bit pixel formats are the easiest to understand. Since its an 8-bit format, we have 8 <TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
><I
>BitsPerPixel</I
></TT
> and 1 <TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
><I
>BytesPerPixel</I
></TT
>. Since <TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
><I
>BytesPerPixel</I
></TT
> is 1, all pixels are represented by a Uint8 which contains an index into <TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
><I
>palette</I
></TT
>-&#62;<TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
><I
>colors</I
></TT
>. So, to determine the color of a pixel in a 8-bit surface: we read the color index from <SPAN
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>surface</SPAN
>-&#62;<TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
><I
>pixels</I
></TT
> and we use that index to read the <A
HREF="sdlcolor.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>SDL_Color</SPAN
></A
> structure from <SPAN
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>surface</SPAN
>-&#62;<TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
><I
>format</I
></TT
>-&#62;<TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
><I
>palette</I
></TT
>-&#62;<TT
CLASS="STRUCTFIELD"
><I
>colors</I
></TT
>. Like so:
<PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>SDL_Surface *surface;
SDL_PixelFormat *fmt;
SDL_Color *color;
Uint8 index;

.
.

/* Create surface */
.
.
fmt=surface-&#62;format;

/* Check the bitdepth of the surface */
if(fmt-&#62;BitsPerPixel!=8){
  fprintf(stderr, "Not an 8-bit surface.\n");
  return(-1);
}

/* Lock the surface */
SDL_LockSurface(surface);

/* Get the topleft pixel */
index=*(Uint8 *)surface-&#62;pixels;
color=fmt-&#62;palette-&#62;colors[index];

/* Unlock the surface */
SDL_UnlockSurface(surface);
printf("Pixel Color-&#62; Red: %d, Green: %d, Blue: %d. Index: %d\n",
          color-&#62;r, color-&#62;g, color-&#62;b, index);
.
.</PRE
></P
><P
>Pixel formats above 8-bit are an entirely different experience. They are
considered to be "TrueColor" formats and the color information is stored in the
pixels themselves, not in a palette. The mask, shift and loss fields tell us
how the color information is encoded. The mask fields allow us to isolate each
color component, the shift fields tell us the number of bits to the right of
each component in the pixel value and the loss fields tell us the number of
bits lost from each component when packing 8-bit color component in a pixel.
<PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>/* Extracting color components from a 32-bit color value */
SDL_PixelFormat *fmt;
SDL_Surface *surface;
Uint32 temp, pixel;
Uint8 red, green, blue, alpha;
.
.
.
fmt=surface-&#62;format;
SDL_LockSurface(surface);
pixel=*((Uint32*)surface-&#62;pixels);
SDL_UnlockSurface(surface);

/* Get Red component */
temp=pixel&#38;fmt-&#62;Rmask; /* Isolate red component */
temp=temp&#62;&#62;fmt-&#62;Rshift;/* Shift it down to 8-bit */
temp=temp&#60;&#60;fmt-&#62;Rloss; /* Expand to a full 8-bit number */
red=(Uint8)temp;

/* Get Green component */
temp=pixel&#38;fmt-&#62;Gmask; /* Isolate green component */
temp=temp&#62;&#62;fmt-&#62;Gshift;/* Shift it down to 8-bit */
temp=temp&#60;&#60;fmt-&#62;Gloss; /* Expand to a full 8-bit number */
green=(Uint8)temp;

/* Get Blue component */
temp=pixel&#38;fmt-&#62;Bmask; /* Isolate blue component */
temp=temp&#62;&#62;fmt-&#62;Bshift;/* Shift it down to 8-bit */
temp=temp&#60;&#60;fmt-&#62;Bloss; /* Expand to a full 8-bit number */
blue=(Uint8)temp;

/* Get Alpha component */
temp=pixel&#38;fmt-&#62;Amask; /* Isolate alpha component */
temp=temp&#62;&#62;fmt-&#62;Ashift;/* Shift it down to 8-bit */
temp=temp&#60;&#60;fmt-&#62;Aloss; /* Expand to a full 8-bit number */
alpha=(Uint8)temp;

printf("Pixel Color -&#62; R: %d,  G: %d,  B: %d,  A: %d\n", red, green, blue, alpha);
.
.
.</PRE
></P
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></A
><H2
>See Also</H2
><P
><A
HREF="sdlsurface.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="STRUCTNAME"
>SDL_Surface</SPAN
></A
>,
<A
HREF="sdlmaprgb.html"
><TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>SDL_MapRGB</TT
></A
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