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1 /* File "FastTimes.c" - Original code by Matt Slot <fprefect@ambrosiasw.com> */
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2 /* Created 4/24/99 - This file is hereby placed in the public domain */
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3 /* Updated 5/21/99 - Calibrate to VIA, add TBR support, renamed functions */
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4 /* Updated 10/4/99 - Use AbsoluteToNanoseconds() in case Absolute = double */
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5 /* Updated 2/15/00 - Check for native Time Manager, no need to calibrate */
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6 /* Updated 2/19/00 - Fixed default value for gScale under native Time Mgr */
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7 /* Updated 3/21/00 - Fixed ns conversion, create 2 different scale factors */
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8 /* Updated 5/03/00 - Added copyright and placed into PD. No code changes */
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9 /* Updated 8/01/00 - Made "Carbon-compatible" by replacing LMGetTicks() */
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10
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11 /* This file is Copyright (C) Matt Slot, 1999-2000. It is hereby placed into
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12 the public domain. The author makes no warranty as to fitness or stability */
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13
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14 #include <Gestalt.h>
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15 #include <LowMem.h>
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16 #include <CodeFragments.h>
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17 #include <DriverServices.h>
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18 #include <Timer.h>
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19
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20 #include "FastTimes.h"
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21
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22 /* **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** */
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23 /* **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** */
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24 /*
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25 On 680x0 machines, we just use Microseconds().
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26
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27 On PowerPC machines, we try several methods:
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28 * DriverServicesLib is available on all PCI PowerMacs, and perhaps
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29 some NuBus PowerMacs. If it is, we use UpTime() : Overhead = 2.1 µsec.
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30 * The PowerPC 601 has a built-in "real time clock" RTC, and we fall
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31 back to that, accessing it directly from asm. Overhead = 1.3 µsec.
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32 * Later PowerPCs have an accurate "time base register" TBR, and we
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33 fall back to that, access it from PowerPC asm. Overhead = 1.3 µsec.
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34 * We can also try Microseconds() which is emulated : Overhead = 36 µsec.
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35
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36 On PowerPC machines, we avoid the following:
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37 * OpenTransport is available on all PCI and some NuBus PowerMacs, but it
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38 uses UpTime() if available and falls back to Microseconds() otherwise.
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39 * InputSprocket is available on many PowerMacs, but again it uses
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40 UpTime() if available and falls back to Microseconds() otherwise.
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41
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42 Another PowerPC note: certain configurations, especially 3rd party upgrade
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43 cards, may return inaccurate timings for the CPU or memory bus -- causing
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44 skew in various system routines (up to 20% drift!). The VIA chip is very
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45 accurate, and it's the basis for the Time Manager and Microseconds().
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46 Unfortunately, it's also very slow because the MacOS has to (a) switch to
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47 68K and (b) poll for a VIA event.
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48
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49 We compensate for the drift by calibrating a floating point scale factor
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50 between our fast method and the accurate timer at startup, then convert
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51 each sample quickly on the fly. I'd rather not have the initialization
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52 overhead -- but it's simply necessary for accurate timing. You can drop
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53 it down to 30 ticks if you prefer, but that's as low as I'd recommend.
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54
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55 Under MacOS 9, "new world" Macs (iMacs, B+W G3s and G+W G4s) have a native
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56 Time Manager implementation: UpTime(), Microseconds(), and TickCount() are
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57 all based on the same underlying counter. This makes it silly to calibrate
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58 UpTime() against TickCount(). We now check for this feature using Gestalt(),
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59 and skip the whole calibration step if possible.
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60
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61 */
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62 /* **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** */
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63 /* **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** */
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64
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65 #define RTCToNano(w) ((double) (w).hi * 1000000000.0 + (double) (w).lo)
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66 #define WideTo64bit(w) (*(UInt64 *) &(w))
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67
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68 /* LMGetTicks() is not in Carbon and TickCount() has a fair bit of overhead,
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1621
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69 so for speed we always read lowmem directly. This is a Mac OS X no-no, but
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70 it always work on those systems that don't have a native Time Manager (ie,
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71 anything before MacOS 9) -- regardless whether we are in Carbon or not! */
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72 #define MyLMGetTicks() (*(volatile UInt32 *) 0x16A)
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73
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74 #if GENERATINGPOWERPC
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75
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76 static asm UnsignedWide PollRTC(void);
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77 static asm UnsignedWide PollTBR(void);
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78 static Ptr FindFunctionInSharedLib(StringPtr libName, StringPtr funcName);
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79
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80 static Boolean gInited = false;
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81 static Boolean gNative = false;
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82 static Boolean gUseRTC = false;
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83 static Boolean gUseTBR = false;
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84 static double gScaleUSec = 1.0 / 1000.0; /* 1 / ( nsec / usec) */
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85 static double gScaleMSec = 1.0 / 1000000.0; /* 1 / ( nsec / msec) */
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86
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87 /* Functions loaded from DriverServicesLib */
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88 typedef AbsoluteTime (*UpTimeProcPtr)(void);
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89 typedef Nanoseconds (*A2NSProcPtr)(AbsoluteTime);
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90 static UpTimeProcPtr gUpTime = NULL;
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91 static A2NSProcPtr gA2NS = NULL;
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92
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93 #endif /* GENERATINGPOWERPC */
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94
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95 /* **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** */
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96 /* **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** */
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97
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98 void FastInitialize() {
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99 SInt32 result;
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100
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101 if (!gInited) {
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102
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103 #if GENERATINGPOWERPC
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104
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105 /* Initialize the feature flags */
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106 gNative = gUseRTC = gUseTBR = false;
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107
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108 /* We use CFM to find and load needed symbols from shared libraries, so
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109 the application doesn't have to weak-link them, for convenience. */
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110 gUpTime = (UpTimeProcPtr) FindFunctionInSharedLib(
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111 "\pDriverServicesLib", "\pUpTime");
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112 if (gUpTime) gA2NS = (A2NSProcPtr) FindFunctionInSharedLib(
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113 "\pDriverServicesLib", "\pAbsoluteToNanoseconds");
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114 if (!gA2NS) gUpTime = nil; /* Pedantic but necessary */
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115
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116 if (gUpTime) {
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117 /* If we loaded UpTime(), then we need to know if the system has
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118 a native implementation of the Time Manager. If so, then it's
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119 pointless to calculate a scale factor against the missing VIA */
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120
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121 /* gestaltNativeTimeMgr = 4 in some future version of the headers */
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122 if (!Gestalt(gestaltTimeMgrVersion, &result) &&
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123 (result > gestaltExtendedTimeMgr))
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124 gNative = true;
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125 }
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126 else {
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127 /* If no DriverServicesLib, use Gestalt() to get the processor type.
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128 Only NuBus PowerMacs with old System Software won't have DSL, so
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129 we know it should either be a 601 or 603. */
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130
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131 /* Use the processor gestalt to determine which register to use */
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132 if (!Gestalt(gestaltNativeCPUtype, &result)) {
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133 if (result == gestaltCPU601) gUseRTC = true;
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134 else if (result > gestaltCPU601) gUseTBR = true;
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135 }
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136 }
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137
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138 /* Now calculate a scale factor to keep us accurate. */
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139 if ((gUpTime && !gNative) || gUseRTC || gUseTBR) {
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140 UInt64 tick, usec1, usec2;
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141 UnsignedWide wide;
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142
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143 /* Wait for the beginning of the very next tick */
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144 for(tick = MyLMGetTicks() + 1; tick > MyLMGetTicks(); );
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145
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146 /* Poll the selected timer and prepare it (since we have time) */
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147 wide = (gUpTime) ? (*gA2NS)((*gUpTime)()) :
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148 ((gUseRTC) ? PollRTC() : PollTBR());
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149 usec1 = (gUseRTC) ? RTCToNano(wide) : WideTo64bit(wide);
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150
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151 /* Wait for the exact 60th tick to roll over */
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152 while(tick + 60 > MyLMGetTicks());
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153
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154 /* Poll the selected timer again and prepare it */
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155 wide = (gUpTime) ? (*gA2NS)((*gUpTime)()) :
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156 ((gUseRTC) ? PollRTC() : PollTBR());
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157 usec2 = (gUseRTC) ? RTCToNano(wide) : WideTo64bit(wide);
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158
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159 /* Calculate a scale value that will give microseconds per second.
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160 Remember, there are actually 60.15 ticks in a second, not 60. */
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161 gScaleUSec = (60.0 * 1000000.0) / ((usec2 - usec1) * 60.15);
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162 gScaleMSec = gScaleUSec / 1000.0;
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163 }
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164
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165 #endif /* GENERATINGPOWERPC */
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166
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167 /* We've initialized our globals */
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168 gInited = true;
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169 }
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170 }
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171
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172 /* **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** */
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173 /* **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** */
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174
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175 UInt64 FastMicroseconds() {
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176 UnsignedWide wide;
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177 UInt64 usec;
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178
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179 #if GENERATINGPOWERPC
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180 /* Initialize globals the first time we are called */
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181 if (!gInited) FastInitialize();
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182
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183 if (gNative) {
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184 /* Use DriverServices if it's available -- it's fast and compatible */
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185 wide = (*gA2NS)((*gUpTime)());
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186 usec = (double) WideTo64bit(wide) * gScaleUSec + 0.5;
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187 }
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188 else if (gUpTime) {
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189 /* Use DriverServices if it's available -- it's fast and compatible */
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190 wide = (*gA2NS)((*gUpTime)());
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191 usec = (double) WideTo64bit(wide) * gScaleUSec + 0.5;
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192 }
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193 else if (gUseTBR) {
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194 /* On a recent PowerPC, we poll the TBR directly */
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195 wide = PollTBR();
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196 usec = (double) WideTo64bit(wide) * gScaleUSec + 0.5;
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197 }
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198 else if (gUseRTC) {
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199 /* On a 601, we can poll the RTC instead */
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200 wide = PollRTC();
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201 usec = (double) RTCToNano(wide) * gScaleUSec + 0.5;
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202 }
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203 else
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204 #endif /* GENERATINGPOWERPC */
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205 {
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206 /* If all else fails, suffer the mixed mode overhead */
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207 Microseconds(&wide);
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208 usec = WideTo64bit(wide);
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209 }
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210
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211 return(usec);
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212 }
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213
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214 /* **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** */
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215 /* **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** */
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216
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217 UInt64 FastMilliseconds() {
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218 UnsignedWide wide;
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219 UInt64 msec;
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220
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221 #if GENERATINGPOWERPC
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222 /* Initialize globals the first time we are called */
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223 if (!gInited) FastInitialize();
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224
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225 if (gNative) {
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226 /* Use DriverServices if it's available -- it's fast and compatible */
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227 wide = (*gA2NS)((*gUpTime)());
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228 msec = (double) WideTo64bit(wide) * gScaleMSec + 0.5;
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229 }
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230 else if (gUpTime) {
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231 /* Use DriverServices if it's available -- it's fast and compatible */
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232 wide = (*gA2NS)((*gUpTime)());
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233 msec = (double) WideTo64bit(wide) * gScaleMSec + 0.5;
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234 }
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235 else if (gUseTBR) {
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236 /* On a recent PowerPC, we poll the TBR directly */
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237 wide = PollTBR();
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238 msec = (double) WideTo64bit(wide) * gScaleMSec + 0.5;
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239 }
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240 else if (gUseRTC) {
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241 /* On a 601, we can poll the RTC instead */
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242 wide = PollRTC();
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243 msec = (double) RTCToNano(wide) * gScaleMSec + 0.5;
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244 }
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245 else
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246 #endif /* GENERATINGPOWERPC */
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247 {
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248 /* If all else fails, suffer the mixed mode overhead */
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249 Microseconds(&wide);
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250 msec = ((double) WideTo64bit(wide) + 500.0) / 1000.0;
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251 }
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252
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253 return(msec);
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254 }
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255
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256 /* **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** */
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257 /* **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** */
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258
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259 StringPtr FastMethod() {
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260 StringPtr method = "\p<Unknown>";
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261
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262 #if GENERATINGPOWERPC
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263 /* Initialize globals the first time we are called */
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264 if (!gInited) FastInitialize();
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265
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266 if (gNative) {
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267 /* The Time Manager and UpTime() are entirely native on this machine */
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268 method = "\pNative UpTime()";
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269 }
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270 else if (gUpTime) {
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271 /* Use DriverServices if it's available -- it's fast and compatible */
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272 method = "\pUpTime()";
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273 }
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274 else if (gUseTBR) {
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275 /* On a recent PowerPC, we poll the TBR directly */
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276 method = "\pPowerPC TBR";
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277 }
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278 else if (gUseRTC) {
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279 /* On a 601, we can poll the RTC instead */
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280 method = "\pPowerPC RTC";
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281 }
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282 else
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283 #endif /* GENERATINGPOWERPC */
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284 {
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285 /* If all else fails, suffer the mixed mode overhead */
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286 method = "\pMicroseconds()";
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287 }
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288
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289 return(method);
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290 }
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291
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292 /* **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** */
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293 /* **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** */
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294 #pragma mark -
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295
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296 #if GENERATINGPOWERPC
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297 asm static UnsignedWide PollRTC_() {
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298 entry PollRTC /* Avoid CodeWarrior glue */
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299 machine 601
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300 @AGAIN:
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301 mfrtcu r4 /* RTCU = SPR 4 */
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302 mfrtcl r5 /* RTCL = SPR 5 */
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303 mfrtcu r6
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304 cmpw r4,r6
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305 bne @AGAIN
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306 stw r4,0(r3)
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307 stw r5,4(r3)
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308 blr
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309 }
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310
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311 /* **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** */
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312 /* **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** */
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313
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314 asm static UnsignedWide PollTBR_() {
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315 entry PollTBR /* Avoid CodeWarrior glue */
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316 machine 604
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317 @AGAIN:
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318 mftbu r4 /* TBRU = SPR 268 */
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319 mftb r5 /* TBRL = SPR 269 */
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320 mftbu r6
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321 cmpw r4,r6
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322 bne @AGAIN
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323 stw r4,0(r3)
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324 stw r5,4(r3)
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325 blr
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326 }
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327
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328 /* **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** */
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329 /* **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** */
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330
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331 static Ptr FindFunctionInSharedLib(StringPtr libName, StringPtr funcName) {
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332 OSErr error = noErr;
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333 Str255 errorStr;
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334 Ptr func = NULL;
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335 Ptr entry = NULL;
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336 CFragSymbolClass symClass;
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337 CFragConnectionID connID;
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338
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339 /* Find CFM containers for the current archecture -- CFM-PPC or CFM-68K */
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340 if (/* error = */ GetSharedLibrary(libName, kCompiledCFragArch,
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341 kLoadCFrag, &connID, &entry, errorStr)) return(NULL);
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342 if (/* error = */ FindSymbol(connID, funcName, &func, &symClass))
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343 return(NULL);
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344
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345 return(func);
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346 }
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347 #endif /* GENERATINGPOWERPC */
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