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annotate test/utf8.txt @ 4876:876f97bc7275

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Documentation clarification
author Sam Lantinga <slouken@libsdl.org>
date Sun, 29 Aug 2010 22:12:59 -0700
parents 4d711949cd9a
children
rev   line source
1501
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1 UTF-8 decoder capability and stress test
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2 ----------------------------------------
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3
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4 Markus Kuhn <http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/> - 2003-02-19
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5
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6 This test file can help you examine, how your UTF-8 decoder handles
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7 various types of correct, malformed, or otherwise interesting UTF-8
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8 sequences. This file is not meant to be a conformance test. It does
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9 not prescribes any particular outcome and therefore there is no way to
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10 "pass" or "fail" this test file, even though the texts suggests a
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11 preferable decoder behaviour at some places. The aim is instead to
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12 help you think about and test the behaviour of your UTF-8 on a
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13 systematic collection of unusual inputs. Experience so far suggests
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14 that most first-time authors of UTF-8 decoders find at least one
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15 serious problem in their decoder by using this file.
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16
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17 The test lines below cover boundary conditions, malformed UTF-8
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18 sequences as well as correctly encoded UTF-8 sequences of Unicode code
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19 points that should never occur in a correct UTF-8 file.
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20
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21 According to ISO 10646-1:2000, sections D.7 and 2.3c, a device
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22 receiving UTF-8 shall interpret a "malformed sequence in the same way
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23 that it interprets a character that is outside the adopted subset" and
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24 "characters that are not within the adopted subset shall be indicated
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25 to the user" by a receiving device. A quite commonly used approach in
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26 UTF-8 decoders is to replace any malformed UTF-8 sequence by a
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27 replacement character (U+FFFD), which looks a bit like an inverted
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28 question mark, or a similar symbol. It might be a good idea to
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29 visually distinguish a malformed UTF-8 sequence from a correctly
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30 encoded Unicode character that is just not available in the current
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31 font but otherwise fully legal, even though ISO 10646-1 doesn't
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32 mandate this. In any case, just ignoring malformed sequences or
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33 unavailable characters does not conform to ISO 10646, will make
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34 debugging more difficult, and can lead to user confusion.
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35
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36 Please check, whether a malformed UTF-8 sequence is (1) represented at
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37 all, (2) represented by exactly one single replacement character (or
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38 equivalent signal), and (3) the following quotation mark after an
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39 illegal UTF-8 sequence is correctly displayed, i.e. proper
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40 resynchronization takes place immageately after any malformed
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41 sequence. This file says "THE END" in the last line, so if you don't
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42 see that, your decoder crashed somehow before, which should always be
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43 cause for concern.
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44
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45 All lines in this file are exactly 79 characters long (plus the line
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46 feed). In addition, all lines end with "|", except for the two test
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47 lines 2.1.1 and 2.2.1, which contain non-printable ASCII controls
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48 U+0000 and U+007F. If you display this file with a fixed-width font,
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49 these "|" characters should all line up in column 79 (right margin).
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50 This allows you to test quickly, whether your UTF-8 decoder finds the
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51 correct number of characters in every line, that is whether each
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52 malformed sequences is replaced by a single replacement character.
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53
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54 Note that as an alternative to the notion of malformed sequence used
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55 here, it is also a perfectly acceptable (and in some situations even
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56 preferable) solution to represent each individual byte of a malformed
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57 sequence by a replacement character. If you follow this strategy in
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58 your decoder, then please ignore the "|" column.
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59
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60
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61 Here come the tests: |
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62 |
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63 1 Some correct UTF-8 text |
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64 |
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65 (The codepoints for this test are: |
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66 U+03BA U+1F79 U+03C3 U+03BC U+03B5 --ryan.) |
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67 |
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68 You should see the Greek word 'kosme': "κόσμε" |
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69 |
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70 |
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71 2 Boundary condition test cases |
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72 |
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73 2.1 First possible sequence of a certain length |
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74 |
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75 (byte zero skipped...there's a null added at the end of the test. --ryan.) |
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76 |
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77 2.1.2 2 bytes (U-00000080): "€" |
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78 2.1.3 3 bytes (U-00000800): "ࠀ" |
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79 2.1.4 4 bytes (U-00010000): "𐀀" |
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80 |
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81 (5 and 6 byte sequences were made illegal in rfc3629. --ryan.) |
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82 2.1.5 5 bytes (U-00200000): "" |
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83 2.1.6 6 bytes (U-04000000): "" |
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84 |
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85 2.2 Last possible sequence of a certain length |
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86 |
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87 2.2.1 1 byte (U-0000007F): "" |
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88 2.2.2 2 bytes (U-000007FF): "߿" |
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89 |
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90 (Section 5.3.2 below calls this illegal. --ryan.) |
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91 2.2.3 3 bytes (U-0000FFFF): "￿" |
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92 |
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93 (5 and 6 bytes sequences, and 4 bytes sequences > 0x10FFFF were made illegal |
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94 in rfc3629, so these next three should be replaced with a invalid |
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95 character codepoint. --ryan.) |
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96 2.2.4 4 bytes (U-001FFFFF): "" |
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97 2.2.5 5 bytes (U-03FFFFFF): "" |
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98 2.2.6 6 bytes (U-7FFFFFFF): "" |
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99 |
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100 2.3 Other boundary conditions |
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101 |
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102 2.3.1 U-0000D7FF = ed 9f bf = "퟿" |
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103 2.3.2 U-0000E000 = ee 80 80 = "" |
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104 2.3.3 U-0000FFFD = ef bf bd = "�" |
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105 2.3.4 U-0010FFFF = f4 8f bf bf = "􏿿" |
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106 |
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107 (This one is bogus in rfc3629. --ryan.) |
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108 2.3.5 U-00110000 = f4 90 80 80 = "" |
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109 |
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110 3 Malformed sequences |
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111 |
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112 3.1 Unexpected continuation bytes |
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113 |
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114 Each unexpected continuation byte should be separately signalled as a |
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115 malformed sequence of its own. |
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116 |
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117 3.1.1 First continuation byte 0x80: "" |
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118 3.1.2 Last continuation byte 0xbf: "" |
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119 |
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120 3.1.3 2 continuation bytes: "" |
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121 3.1.4 3 continuation bytes: "" |
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122 3.1.5 4 continuation bytes: "" |
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123 3.1.6 5 continuation bytes: "" |
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124 3.1.7 6 continuation bytes: "" |
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125 3.1.8 7 continuation bytes: "" |
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126 |
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127 3.1.9 Sequence of all 64 possible continuation bytes (0x80-0xbf): |
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128 |
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129 " |
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130 |
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131 |
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132 " |
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133 |
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134 3.2 Lonely start characters |
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135 |
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136 3.2.1 All 32 first bytes of 2-byte sequences (0xc0-0xdf), |
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137 each followed by a space character: |
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138 |
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139 " |
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140 " |
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141 |
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142 3.2.2 All 16 first bytes of 3-byte sequences (0xe0-0xef), |
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143 each followed by a space character: |
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144 |
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145 " " |
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146 |
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147 3.2.3 All 8 first bytes of 4-byte sequences (0xf0-0xf7), |
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148 each followed by a space character: |
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149 |
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150 " " |
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151 |
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152 3.2.4 All 4 first bytes of 5-byte sequences (0xf8-0xfb), |
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153 each followed by a space character: |
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154 |
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155 " " |
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156 |
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157 3.2.5 All 2 first bytes of 6-byte sequences (0xfc-0xfd), |
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158 each followed by a space character: |
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159 |
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160 " " |
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161 |
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162 3.3 Sequences with last continuation byte missing |
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163 |
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164 All bytes of an incomplete sequence should be signalled as a single |
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165 malformed sequence, i.e., you should see only a single replacement |
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166 character in each of the next 10 tests. (Characters as in section 2) |
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167 |
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168 3.3.1 2-byte sequence with last byte missing (U+0000): "" |
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169 3.3.2 3-byte sequence with last byte missing (U+0000): "" |
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170 3.3.3 4-byte sequence with last byte missing (U+0000): "" |
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171 3.3.4 5-byte sequence with last byte missing (U+0000): "" |
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172 3.3.5 6-byte sequence with last byte missing (U+0000): "" |
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173 3.3.6 2-byte sequence with last byte missing (U-000007FF): "" |
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174 3.3.7 3-byte sequence with last byte missing (U-0000FFFF): "" |
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175 3.3.8 4-byte sequence with last byte missing (U-001FFFFF): "" |
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176 3.3.9 5-byte sequence with last byte missing (U-03FFFFFF): "" |
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177 3.3.10 6-byte sequence with last byte missing (U-7FFFFFFF): "" |
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178 |
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179 3.4 Concatenation of incomplete sequences |
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180 |
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181 All the 10 sequences of 3.3 concatenated, you should see 10 malformed |
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182 sequences being signalled: |
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183 |
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184 "" |
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185 |
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186 3.5 Impossible bytes |
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187 |
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188 The following two bytes cannot appear in a correct UTF-8 string |
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189 |
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190 3.5.1 fe = "" |
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191 3.5.2 ff = "" |
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192 3.5.3 fe fe ff ff = "" |
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193 |
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194 4 Overlong sequences |
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195 |
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196 The following sequences are not malformed according to the letter of |
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197 the Unicode 2.0 standard. However, they are longer then necessary and |
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198 a correct UTF-8 encoder is not allowed to produce them. A "safe UTF-8 |
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199 decoder" should reject them just like malformed sequences for two |
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200 reasons: (1) It helps to debug applications if overlong sequences are |
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201 not treated as valid representations of characters, because this helps |
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202 to spot problems more quickly. (2) Overlong sequences provide |
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203 alternative representations of characters, that could maliciously be |
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204 used to bypass filters that check only for ASCII characters. For |
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205 instance, a 2-byte encoded line feed (LF) would not be caught by a |
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206 line counter that counts only 0x0a bytes, but it would still be |
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207 processed as a line feed by an unsafe UTF-8 decoder later in the |
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208 pipeline. From a security point of view, ASCII compatibility of UTF-8 |
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209 sequences means also, that ASCII characters are *only* allowed to be |
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210 represented by ASCII bytes in the range 0x00-0x7f. To ensure this |
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211 aspect of ASCII compatibility, use only "safe UTF-8 decoders" that |
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212 reject overlong UTF-8 sequences for which a shorter encoding exists. |
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213 |
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214 4.1 Examples of an overlong ASCII character |
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215 |
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216 With a safe UTF-8 decoder, all of the following five overlong |
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217 representations of the ASCII character slash ("/") should be rejected |
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218 like a malformed UTF-8 sequence, for instance by substituting it with |
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219 a replacement character. If you see a slash below, you do not have a |
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220 safe UTF-8 decoder! |
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221 |
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222 4.1.1 U+002F = c0 af = "" |
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223 4.1.2 U+002F = e0 80 af = "" |
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224 4.1.3 U+002F = f0 80 80 af = "" |
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225 4.1.4 U+002F = f8 80 80 80 af = "" |
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226 4.1.5 U+002F = fc 80 80 80 80 af = "" |
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227 |
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228 4.2 Maximum overlong sequences |
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229 |
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230 Below you see the highest Unicode value that is still resulting in an |
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231 overlong sequence if represented with the given number of bytes. This |
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232 is a boundary test for safe UTF-8 decoders. All five characters should |
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233 be rejected like malformed UTF-8 sequences. |
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234 |
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235 4.2.1 U-0000007F = c1 bf = "" |
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236 4.2.2 U-000007FF = e0 9f bf = "" |
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237 4.2.3 U-0000FFFF = f0 8f bf bf = "" |
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238 4.2.4 U-001FFFFF = f8 87 bf bf bf = "" |
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239 4.2.5 U-03FFFFFF = fc 83 bf bf bf bf = "" |
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240 |
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241 4.3 Overlong representation of the NUL character |
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242 |
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243 The following five sequences should also be rejected like malformed |
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244 UTF-8 sequences and should not be treated like the ASCII NUL |
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245 character. |
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246 |
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247 4.3.1 U+0000 = c0 80 = "" |
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248 4.3.2 U+0000 = e0 80 80 = "" |
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249 4.3.3 U+0000 = f0 80 80 80 = "" |
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250 4.3.4 U+0000 = f8 80 80 80 80 = "" |
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251 4.3.5 U+0000 = fc 80 80 80 80 80 = "" |
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252 |
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253 5 Illegal code positions |
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254 |
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255 The following UTF-8 sequences should be rejected like malformed |
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256 sequences, because they never represent valid ISO 10646 characters and |
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257 a UTF-8 decoder that accepts them might introduce security problems |
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258 comparable to overlong UTF-8 sequences. |
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259 |
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260 5.1 Single UTF-16 surrogates |
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261 |
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262 5.1.1 U+D800 = ed a0 80 = "" |
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263 5.1.2 U+DB7F = ed ad bf = "" |
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264 5.1.3 U+DB80 = ed ae 80 = "" |
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265 5.1.4 U+DBFF = ed af bf = "" |
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266 5.1.5 U+DC00 = ed b0 80 = "" |
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267 5.1.6 U+DF80 = ed be 80 = "" |
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268 5.1.7 U+DFFF = ed bf bf = "" |
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269 |
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270 5.2 Paired UTF-16 surrogates |
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271 |
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272 5.2.1 U+D800 U+DC00 = ed a0 80 ed b0 80 = "" |
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273 5.2.2 U+D800 U+DFFF = ed a0 80 ed bf bf = "" |
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274 5.2.3 U+DB7F U+DC00 = ed ad bf ed b0 80 = "" |
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275 5.2.4 U+DB7F U+DFFF = ed ad bf ed bf bf = "" |
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276 5.2.5 U+DB80 U+DC00 = ed ae 80 ed b0 80 = "" |
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277 5.2.6 U+DB80 U+DFFF = ed ae 80 ed bf bf = "" |
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278 5.2.7 U+DBFF U+DC00 = ed af bf ed b0 80 = "" |
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279 5.2.8 U+DBFF U+DFFF = ed af bf ed bf bf = "" |
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280 |
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281 5.3 Other illegal code positions |
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282 |
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283 5.3.1 U+FFFE = ef bf be = "￾" |
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284 5.3.2 U+FFFF = ef bf bf = "￿" |
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285 |
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286 THE END |
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287