Mercurial > sdl-ios-xcode
annotate src/stdlib/SDL_qsort.c @ 1480:0a2bd6507477
More Win64 updates
author | Sam Lantinga <slouken@libsdl.org> |
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date | Tue, 07 Mar 2006 05:21:32 +0000 |
parents | 84de7511f79f |
children | 782fd950bd46 c121d94672cb 5bacec0933f5 |
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It's now possible to build SDL without any C runtime at all on Windows,
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parents:
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1 /* qsort.c |
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2 * (c) 1998 Gareth McCaughan |
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3 * |
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4 * This is a drop-in replacement for the C library's |qsort()| routine. |
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5 * |
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6 * Features: |
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7 * - Median-of-three pivoting (and more) |
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8 * - Truncation and final polishing by a single insertion sort |
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9 * - Early truncation when no swaps needed in pivoting step |
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10 * - Explicit recursion, guaranteed not to overflow |
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11 * - A few little wrinkles stolen from the GNU |qsort()|. |
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12 * - separate code for non-aligned / aligned / word-size objects |
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13 * |
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14 * This code may be reproduced freely provided |
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15 * - this file is retained unaltered apart from minor |
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16 * changes for portability and efficiency |
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17 * - no changes are made to this comment |
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18 * - any changes that *are* made are clearly flagged |
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19 * - the _ID string below is altered by inserting, after |
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20 * the date, the string " altered" followed at your option |
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21 * by other material. (Exceptions: you may change the name |
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22 * of the exported routine without changing the ID string. |
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23 * You may change the values of the macros TRUNC_* and |
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24 * PIVOT_THRESHOLD without changing the ID string, provided |
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25 * they remain constants with TRUNC_nonaligned, TRUNC_aligned |
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26 * and TRUNC_words/WORD_BYTES between 8 and 24, and |
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27 * PIVOT_THRESHOLD between 32 and 200.) |
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28 * |
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29 * You may use it in anything you like; you may make money |
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30 * out of it; you may distribute it in object form or as |
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31 * part of an executable without including source code; |
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32 * you don't have to credit me. (But it would be nice if |
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33 * you did.) |
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34 * |
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35 * If you find problems with this code, or find ways of |
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36 * making it significantly faster, please let me know! |
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37 * My e-mail address, valid as of early 1998 and certainly |
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38 * OK for at least the next 18 months, is |
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39 * gjm11@dpmms.cam.ac.uk |
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40 * Thanks! |
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41 * |
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42 * Gareth McCaughan Peterhouse Cambridge 1998 |
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43 */ |
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44 #include "SDL_config.h" |
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45 |
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46 /* |
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47 #include <assert.h> |
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48 #include <stdlib.h> |
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49 #include <string.h> |
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50 */ |
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51 #include "SDL_stdinc.h" |
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52 |
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53 #define assert(X) |
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54 #define malloc SDL_malloc |
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55 #define free SDL_free |
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56 #define memcpy SDL_memcpy |
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57 #define memmove SDL_memmove |
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58 #define qsort SDL_qsort |
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59 |
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60 |
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61 #ifndef HAVE_QSORT |
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62 |
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63 static char _ID[]="<qsort.c gjm 1.12 1998-03-19>"; |
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64 |
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65 /* How many bytes are there per word? (Must be a power of 2, |
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66 * and must in fact equal sizeof(int).) |
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67 */ |
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68 #define WORD_BYTES sizeof(int) |
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69 |
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70 /* How big does our stack need to be? Answer: one entry per |
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71 * bit in a |size_t|. |
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72 */ |
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73 #define STACK_SIZE (8*sizeof(size_t)) |
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74 |
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75 /* Different situations have slightly different requirements, |
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76 * and we make life epsilon easier by using different truncation |
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77 * points for the three different cases. |
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78 * So far, I have tuned TRUNC_words and guessed that the same |
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79 * value might work well for the other two cases. Of course |
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80 * what works well on my machine might work badly on yours. |
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81 */ |
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82 #define TRUNC_nonaligned 12 |
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83 #define TRUNC_aligned 12 |
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84 #define TRUNC_words 12*WORD_BYTES /* nb different meaning */ |
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85 |
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86 /* We use a simple pivoting algorithm for shortish sub-arrays |
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87 * and a more complicated one for larger ones. The threshold |
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88 * is PIVOT_THRESHOLD. |
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89 */ |
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90 #define PIVOT_THRESHOLD 40 |
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91 |
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92 typedef struct { char * first; char * last; } stack_entry; |
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93 #define pushLeft {stack[stacktop].first=ffirst;stack[stacktop++].last=last;} |
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94 #define pushRight {stack[stacktop].first=first;stack[stacktop++].last=llast;} |
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95 #define doLeft {first=ffirst;llast=last;continue;} |
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96 #define doRight {ffirst=first;last=llast;continue;} |
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97 #define pop {if (--stacktop<0) break;\ |
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98 first=ffirst=stack[stacktop].first;\ |
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99 last=llast=stack[stacktop].last;\ |
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100 continue;} |
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101 |
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102 /* Some comments on the implementation. |
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103 * 1. When we finish partitioning the array into "low" |
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104 * and "high", we forget entirely about short subarrays, |
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105 * because they'll be done later by insertion sort. |
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106 * Doing lots of little insertion sorts might be a win |
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107 * on large datasets for locality-of-reference reasons, |
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108 * but it makes the code much nastier and increases |
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109 * bookkeeping overhead. |
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110 * 2. We always save the shorter and get to work on the |
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111 * longer. This guarantees that every time we push |
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112 * an item onto the stack its size is <= 1/2 of that |
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113 * of its parent; so the stack can't need more than |
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114 * log_2(max-array-size) entries. |
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115 * 3. We choose a pivot by looking at the first, last |
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116 * and middle elements. We arrange them into order |
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117 * because it's easy to do that in conjunction with |
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118 * choosing the pivot, and it makes things a little |
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119 * easier in the partitioning step. Anyway, the pivot |
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120 * is the middle of these three. It's still possible |
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121 * to construct datasets where the algorithm takes |
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122 * time of order n^2, but it simply never happens in |
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123 * practice. |
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124 * 3' Newsflash: On further investigation I find that |
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125 * it's easy to construct datasets where median-of-3 |
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126 * simply isn't good enough. So on large-ish subarrays |
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127 * we do a more sophisticated pivoting: we take three |
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128 * sets of 3 elements, find their medians, and then |
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129 * take the median of those. |
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130 * 4. We copy the pivot element to a separate place |
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131 * because that way we can always do our comparisons |
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132 * directly against a pointer to that separate place, |
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133 * and don't have to wonder "did we move the pivot |
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134 * element?". This makes the inner loop better. |
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135 * 5. It's possible to make the pivoting even more |
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136 * reliable by looking at more candidates when n |
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137 * is larger. (Taking this to its logical conclusion |
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138 * results in a variant of quicksort that doesn't |
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139 * have that n^2 worst case.) However, the overhead |
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140 * from the extra bookkeeping means that it's just |
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141 * not worth while. |
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142 * 6. This is pretty clean and portable code. Here are |
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143 * all the potential portability pitfalls and problems |
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144 * I know of: |
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145 * - In one place (the insertion sort) I construct |
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146 * a pointer that points just past the end of the |
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147 * supplied array, and assume that (a) it won't |
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148 * compare equal to any pointer within the array, |
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149 * and (b) it will compare equal to a pointer |
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150 * obtained by stepping off the end of the array. |
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151 * These might fail on some segmented architectures. |
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152 * - I assume that there are 8 bits in a |char| when |
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153 * computing the size of stack needed. This would |
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154 * fail on machines with 9-bit or 16-bit bytes. |
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155 * - I assume that if |((int)base&(sizeof(int)-1))==0| |
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156 * and |(size&(sizeof(int)-1))==0| then it's safe to |
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157 * get at array elements via |int*|s, and that if |
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158 * actually |size==sizeof(int)| as well then it's |
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159 * safe to treat the elements as |int|s. This might |
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160 * fail on systems that convert pointers to integers |
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161 * in non-standard ways. |
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162 * - I assume that |8*sizeof(size_t)<=INT_MAX|. This |
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163 * would be false on a machine with 8-bit |char|s, |
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164 * 16-bit |int|s and 4096-bit |size_t|s. :-) |
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165 */ |
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166 |
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167 /* The recursion logic is the same in each case: */ |
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168 #define Recurse(Trunc) \ |
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169 { size_t l=last-ffirst,r=llast-first; \ |
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170 if (l<Trunc) { \ |
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171 if (r>=Trunc) doRight \ |
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172 else pop \ |
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173 } \ |
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174 else if (l<=r) { pushLeft; doRight } \ |
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175 else if (r>=Trunc) { pushRight; doLeft }\ |
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176 else doLeft \ |
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177 } |
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178 |
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179 /* and so is the pivoting logic: */ |
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180 #define Pivot(swapper,sz) \ |
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181 if ((size_t)(last-first)>PIVOT_THRESHOLD*sz) mid=pivot_big(first,mid,last,sz,compare);\ |
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182 else { \ |
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183 if (compare(first,mid)<0) { \ |
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184 if (compare(mid,last)>0) { \ |
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185 swapper(mid,last); \ |
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186 if (compare(first,mid)>0) swapper(first,mid);\ |
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187 } \ |
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188 } \ |
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189 else { \ |
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190 if (compare(mid,last)>0) swapper(first,last)\ |
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191 else { \ |
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192 swapper(first,mid); \ |
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193 if (compare(mid,last)>0) swapper(mid,last);\ |
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194 } \ |
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195 } \ |
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196 first+=sz; last-=sz; \ |
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197 } |
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198 |
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199 #ifdef DEBUG_QSORT |
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200 #include <stdio.h> |
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201 #endif |
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202 |
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203 /* and so is the partitioning logic: */ |
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204 #define Partition(swapper,sz) { \ |
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205 int swapped=0; \ |
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206 do { \ |
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207 while (compare(first,pivot)<0) first+=sz; \ |
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208 while (compare(pivot,last)<0) last-=sz; \ |
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209 if (first<last) { \ |
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210 swapper(first,last); swapped=1; \ |
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211 first+=sz; last-=sz; } \ |
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212 else if (first==last) { first+=sz; last-=sz; break; }\ |
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213 } while (first<=last); \ |
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214 if (!swapped) pop \ |
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215 } |
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216 |
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217 /* and so is the pre-insertion-sort operation of putting |
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218 * the smallest element into place as a sentinel. |
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219 * Doing this makes the inner loop nicer. I got this |
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220 * idea from the GNU implementation of qsort(). |
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221 */ |
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222 #define PreInsertion(swapper,limit,sz) \ |
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223 first=base; \ |
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224 last=first + (nmemb>limit ? limit : nmemb-1)*sz;\ |
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225 while (last!=base) { \ |
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226 if (compare(first,last)>0) first=last; \ |
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227 last-=sz; } \ |
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228 if (first!=base) swapper(first,(char*)base); |
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229 |
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230 /* and so is the insertion sort, in the first two cases: */ |
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231 #define Insertion(swapper) \ |
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232 last=((char*)base)+nmemb*size; \ |
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233 for (first=((char*)base)+size;first!=last;first+=size) { \ |
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234 char *test; \ |
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235 /* Find the right place for |first|. \ |
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236 * My apologies for var reuse. */ \ |
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237 for (test=first-size;compare(test,first)>0;test-=size) ; \ |
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238 test+=size; \ |
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239 if (test!=first) { \ |
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240 /* Shift everything in [test,first) \ |
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241 * up by one, and place |first| \ |
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242 * where |test| is. */ \ |
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243 memcpy(pivot,first,size); \ |
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244 memmove(test+size,test,first-test); \ |
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245 memcpy(test,pivot,size); \ |
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246 } \ |
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247 } |
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248 |
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249 #define SWAP_nonaligned(a,b) { \ |
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250 register char *aa=(a),*bb=(b); \ |
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251 register size_t sz=size; \ |
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252 do { register char t=*aa; *aa++=*bb; *bb++=t; } while (--sz); } |
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253 |
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254 #define SWAP_aligned(a,b) { \ |
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255 register int *aa=(int*)(a),*bb=(int*)(b); \ |
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256 register size_t sz=size; \ |
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257 do { register int t=*aa;*aa++=*bb; *bb++=t; } while (sz-=WORD_BYTES); } |
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258 |
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259 #define SWAP_words(a,b) { \ |
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260 register int t=*((int*)a); *((int*)a)=*((int*)b); *((int*)b)=t; } |
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261 |
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262 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ |
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263 |
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264 static char * pivot_big(char *first, char *mid, char *last, size_t size, |
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265 int compare(const void *, const void *)) { |
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266 size_t d=(((last-first)/size)>>3)*size; |
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267 char *m1,*m2,*m3; |
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268 { char *a=first, *b=first+d, *c=first+2*d; |
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269 #ifdef DEBUG_QSORT |
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270 fprintf(stderr,"< %d %d %d\n",*(int*)a,*(int*)b,*(int*)c); |
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271 #endif |
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272 m1 = compare(a,b)<0 ? |
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273 (compare(b,c)<0 ? b : (compare(a,c)<0 ? c : a)) |
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274 : (compare(a,c)<0 ? a : (compare(b,c)<0 ? c : b)); |
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275 } |
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276 { char *a=mid-d, *b=mid, *c=mid+d; |
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277 #ifdef DEBUG_QSORT |
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278 fprintf(stderr,". %d %d %d\n",*(int*)a,*(int*)b,*(int*)c); |
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279 #endif |
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280 m2 = compare(a,b)<0 ? |
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281 (compare(b,c)<0 ? b : (compare(a,c)<0 ? c : a)) |
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282 : (compare(a,c)<0 ? a : (compare(b,c)<0 ? c : b)); |
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283 } |
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284 { char *a=last-2*d, *b=last-d, *c=last; |
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285 #ifdef DEBUG_QSORT |
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286 fprintf(stderr,"> %d %d %d\n",*(int*)a,*(int*)b,*(int*)c); |
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287 #endif |
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288 m3 = compare(a,b)<0 ? |
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289 (compare(b,c)<0 ? b : (compare(a,c)<0 ? c : a)) |
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290 : (compare(a,c)<0 ? a : (compare(b,c)<0 ? c : b)); |
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291 } |
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292 #ifdef DEBUG_QSORT |
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293 fprintf(stderr,"-> %d %d %d\n",*(int*)m1,*(int*)m2,*(int*)m3); |
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294 #endif |
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295 return compare(m1,m2)<0 ? |
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296 (compare(m2,m3)<0 ? m2 : (compare(m1,m3)<0 ? m3 : m1)) |
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297 : (compare(m1,m3)<0 ? m1 : (compare(m2,m3)<0 ? m3 : m2)); |
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298 } |
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299 |
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300 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ |
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301 |
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302 static void qsort_nonaligned(void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, |
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303 int (*compare)(const void *, const void *)) { |
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304 |
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305 stack_entry stack[STACK_SIZE]; |
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306 int stacktop=0; |
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307 char *first,*last; |
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308 char *pivot=malloc(size); |
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309 size_t trunc=TRUNC_nonaligned*size; |
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310 assert(pivot!=0); |
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311 |
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312 first=(char*)base; last=first+(nmemb-1)*size; |
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313 |
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314 if ((size_t)(last-first)>trunc) { |
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315 char *ffirst=first, *llast=last; |
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316 while (1) { |
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317 /* Select pivot */ |
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318 { char * mid=first+size*((last-first)/size >> 1); |
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319 Pivot(SWAP_nonaligned,size); |
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320 memcpy(pivot,mid,size); |
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321 } |
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322 /* Partition. */ |
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323 Partition(SWAP_nonaligned,size); |
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324 /* Prepare to recurse/iterate. */ |
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325 Recurse(trunc) |
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326 } |
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327 } |
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328 PreInsertion(SWAP_nonaligned,TRUNC_nonaligned,size); |
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329 Insertion(SWAP_nonaligned); |
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330 free(pivot); |
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331 } |
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332 |
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333 static void qsort_aligned(void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, |
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334 int (*compare)(const void *, const void *)) { |
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335 |
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336 stack_entry stack[STACK_SIZE]; |
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337 int stacktop=0; |
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338 char *first,*last; |
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339 char *pivot=malloc(size); |
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340 size_t trunc=TRUNC_aligned*size; |
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341 assert(pivot!=0); |
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342 |
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343 first=(char*)base; last=first+(nmemb-1)*size; |
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344 |
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345 if ((size_t)(last-first)>trunc) { |
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346 char *ffirst=first,*llast=last; |
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347 while (1) { |
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348 /* Select pivot */ |
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349 { char * mid=first+size*((last-first)/size >> 1); |
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350 Pivot(SWAP_aligned,size); |
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351 memcpy(pivot,mid,size); |
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352 } |
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353 /* Partition. */ |
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354 Partition(SWAP_aligned,size); |
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355 /* Prepare to recurse/iterate. */ |
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356 Recurse(trunc) |
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357 } |
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358 } |
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359 PreInsertion(SWAP_aligned,TRUNC_aligned,size); |
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360 Insertion(SWAP_aligned); |
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361 free(pivot); |
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362 } |
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363 |
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364 static void qsort_words(void *base, size_t nmemb, |
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365 int (*compare)(const void *, const void *)) { |
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366 |
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367 stack_entry stack[STACK_SIZE]; |
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368 int stacktop=0; |
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369 char *first,*last; |
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370 char *pivot=malloc(WORD_BYTES); |
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371 assert(pivot!=0); |
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372 |
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373 first=(char*)base; last=first+(nmemb-1)*WORD_BYTES; |
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374 |
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375 if (last-first>TRUNC_words) { |
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376 char *ffirst=first, *llast=last; |
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377 while (1) { |
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378 #ifdef DEBUG_QSORT |
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379 fprintf(stderr,"Doing %d:%d: ", |
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380 (first-(char*)base)/WORD_BYTES, |
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381 (last-(char*)base)/WORD_BYTES); |
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382 #endif |
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383 /* Select pivot */ |
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384 { char * mid=first+WORD_BYTES*((last-first) / (2*WORD_BYTES)); |
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385 Pivot(SWAP_words,WORD_BYTES); |
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386 *(int*)pivot=*(int*)mid; |
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387 } |
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388 #ifdef DEBUG_QSORT |
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389 fprintf(stderr,"pivot=%d\n",*(int*)pivot); |
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390 #endif |
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391 /* Partition. */ |
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392 Partition(SWAP_words,WORD_BYTES); |
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393 /* Prepare to recurse/iterate. */ |
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394 Recurse(TRUNC_words) |
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395 } |
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396 } |
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397 PreInsertion(SWAP_words,(TRUNC_words/WORD_BYTES),WORD_BYTES); |
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398 /* Now do insertion sort. */ |
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399 last=((char*)base)+nmemb*WORD_BYTES; |
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400 for (first=((char*)base)+WORD_BYTES;first!=last;first+=WORD_BYTES) { |
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401 /* Find the right place for |first|. My apologies for var reuse */ |
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402 int *pl=(int*)(first-WORD_BYTES),*pr=(int*)first; |
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403 *(int*)pivot=*(int*)first; |
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404 for (;compare(pl,pivot)>0;pr=pl,--pl) { |
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405 *pr=*pl; } |
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406 if (pr!=(int*)first) *pr=*(int*)pivot; |
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407 } |
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408 free(pivot); |
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409 } |
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410 |
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411 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ |
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412 |
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413 void qsort(void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, |
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414 int (*compare)(const void *, const void *)) { |
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415 |
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416 if (nmemb<=1) return; |
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417 if (((uintptr_t)base|size)&(WORD_BYTES-1)) |
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418 qsort_nonaligned(base,nmemb,size,compare); |
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419 else if (size!=WORD_BYTES) |
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420 qsort_aligned(base,nmemb,size,compare); |
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421 else |
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422 qsort_words(base,nmemb,compare); |
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423 } |
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424 |
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425 #endif /* !HAVE_QSORT */ |