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| author | Jason Ledbetter <jasonbrent@gmail.com |
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| date | Wed, 22 Jun 2011 21:56:20 -0400 |
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| 314 | 1 =================================== |
| 2 Features requiring no modifications | |
| 3 =================================== | |
| 4 | |
| 5 These features are provided "for free" to a cmd_-based application | |
| 6 simply by replacing ``import cmd`` with ``import cmd2 as cmd``. | |
| 7 | |
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8 .. _cmd: http://docs.python.org/library/cmd.html#module-cmd |
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9 |
| 315 | 10 Script files |
| 11 ============ | |
| 12 | |
| 331 | 13 Text files can serve as scripts for your ``cmd2``-based |
| 14 application, with the ``load``, ``save``, and ``edit`` | |
| 15 commands. | |
| 315 | 16 |
| 17 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_load | |
| 18 | |
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19 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_save |
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20 |
| 331 | 21 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_edit |
| 22 | |
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23 Comments |
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24 ======== |
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25 |
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26 Comments are omitted from the argument list |
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27 before it is passed to a ``do_`` method. By |
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28 default, both Python-style and C-style comments |
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29 are recognized; you may change this by overriding |
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30 ``app.commentGrammars`` with a different pyparsing_ |
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31 grammar. |
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32 |
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33 Comments can be useful in :ref:`scripts`. Used |
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34 in an interactive session, they may indicate |
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35 mental imbalance. |
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36 |
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37 :: |
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38 |
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39 def do_speak(self, arg): |
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40 self.stdout.write(arg + '\n') |
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41 |
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42 :: |
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43 |
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44 (Cmd) speak it was /* not */ delicious! # Yuck! |
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45 it was delicious! |
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46 |
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47 .. _pyparsing: http://pyparsing.wikispaces.com/ |
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48 |
| 346 | 49 Commands at invocation |
| 50 ====================== | |
| 51 | |
| 52 You can send commands to your app as you invoke it by | |
| 53 including them as extra arguments to the program. | |
| 54 ``cmd2`` interprets each argument as a separate | |
| 55 command, so you should enclose each command in | |
| 56 quotation marks if it is more than a one-word command. | |
| 57 | |
| 58 :: | |
| 59 | |
| 60 cat@eee:~/proj/cmd2/example$ python example.py "say hello" "say Gracie" quit | |
| 61 hello | |
| 62 Gracie | |
| 63 cat@eee:~/proj/cmd2/example$ | |
| 64 | |
| 65 | |
| 315 | 66 Output redirection |
| 67 ================== | |
| 68 | |
| 324 | 69 As in a Unix shell, output of a command can be redirected: |
| 70 | |
| 71 - sent to a file with ``>``, as in ``mycommand args > filename.txt`` | |
| 72 - piped (``|``) as input to operating-system commands, as in | |
| 73 ``mycommand args | wc`` | |
| 74 - sent to the paste buffer, ready for the next Copy operation, by | |
| 75 ending with a bare ``>``, as in ``mycommand args >``.. Redirecting | |
| 76 to paste buffer requires software to be installed on the operating | |
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77 system, pywin32_ on Windows or xclip_ on \*nix. |
| 324 | 78 |
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79 .. _pywin32: http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/ |
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80 .. _xclip: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/xclip-linux-insert-files-command-output-intoclipboard/ |
| 324 | 81 |
| 315 | 82 Python |
| 83 ====== | |
| 84 | |
| 328 | 85 The ``py`` command will run its arguments as a Python |
| 86 command. Entered without arguments, it enters an | |
| 87 interactive Python session. That session can call | |
| 88 "back" to your application with ``cmd("")``. Through | |
| 89 ``self``, it also has access to your application | |
| 90 instance itself. (If that thought terrifies you, | |
| 91 you can set the ``locals_in_py`` parameter to ``False``. | |
| 92 See see :ref:`parameters`) | |
| 93 | |
| 94 :: | |
| 95 | |
| 96 (Cmd) py print("-".join("spelling")) | |
| 97 s-p-e-l-l-i-n-g | |
| 98 (Cmd) py | |
| 99 Python 2.6.4 (r264:75706, Dec 7 2009, 18:45:15) | |
| 100 [GCC 4.4.1] on linux2 | |
| 101 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. | |
| 102 (CmdLineApp) | |
| 103 | |
| 104 py <command>: Executes a Python command. | |
| 105 py: Enters interactive Python mode. | |
| 106 End with `Ctrl-D` (Unix) / `Ctrl-Z` (Windows), `quit()`, 'exit()`. | |
| 107 Non-python commands can be issued with `cmd("your command")`. | |
| 108 | |
| 109 >>> import os | |
| 110 >>> os.uname() | |
| 111 ('Linux', 'eee', '2.6.31-19-generic', '#56-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jan 28 01:26:53 UTC 2010', 'i686') | |
| 112 >>> cmd("say --piglatin {os}".format(os=os.uname()[0])) | |
| 113 inuxLay | |
| 114 >>> self.prompt | |
| 115 '(Cmd) ' | |
| 116 >>> self.prompt = 'Python was here > ' | |
| 117 >>> quit() | |
| 118 Python was here > | |
| 119 | |
| 314 | 120 Searchable command history |
| 121 ========================== | |
| 122 | |
| 123 All cmd_-based applications have access to previous commands with | |
| 124 the up- and down- cursor keys. | |
| 125 | |
| 126 All cmd_-based applications on systems with the ``readline`` module | |
| 127 also provide `bash-like history list editing`_. | |
| 128 | |
| 129 .. _`bash-like history list editing`: http://www.talug.org/events/20030709/cmdline_history.html | |
| 130 | |
| 131 ``cmd2`` makes a third type of history access available, consisting of these commands: | |
| 132 | |
| 133 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_history | |
| 134 | |
| 329 | 135 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_list |
| 136 | |
| 137 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_run | |
| 138 | |
| 139 Quitting the application | |
| 140 ======================== | |
| 141 | |
| 142 ``cmd2`` pre-defines a ``quit`` command for you (with | |
| 143 synonyms ``exit`` and simply ``q``). | |
| 144 It's trivial, but it's one less thing for you to remember. | |
| 145 | |
| 331 | 146 |
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147 Abbreviated commands |
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148 ==================== |
| 331 | 149 |
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150 ``cmd2`` apps will accept shortened command names |
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151 so long as there is no ambiguity. Thus, if |
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152 ``do_divide`` is defined, then ``divid``, ``div``, |
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153 or even ``d`` will suffice, so long as there are |
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154 no other commands defined beginning with *divid*, |
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155 *div*, or *d*. |
| 331 | 156 |
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157 This behavior can be turned off with ``app.abbrev`` (see :ref:`parameters`) |
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158 |
| 332 | 159 Misc. pre-defined commands |
| 160 ========================== | |
| 161 | |
| 162 Several generically useful commands are defined | |
| 163 with automatically included ``do_`` methods. | |
| 164 | |
| 165 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_quit | |
| 166 | |
| 167 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_pause | |
| 168 | |
| 169 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_shell | |
| 170 | |
| 171 ( ``!`` is a shortcut for ``shell``; thus ``!ls`` | |
| 172 is equivalent to ``shell ls``.) | |
| 173 | |
| 174 | |
| 315 | 175 Transcript-based testing |
| 176 ======================== | |
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177 |
| 346 | 178 If the entire transcript (input and output) of a successful session of |
| 179 a ``cmd2``-based app is copied from the screen and pasted into a text | |
| 180 file, ``transcript.txt``, then a transcript test can be run against it:: | |
| 181 | |
| 182 python app.py --test transcript.txt | |
| 183 | |
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184 Any non-whitespace deviations between the output prescribed in ``transcript.txt`` and |
| 346 | 185 the actual output from a fresh run of the application will be reported |
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186 as a unit test failure. (Whitespace is ignored during the comparison.) |
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187 |
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188 Regular expressions can be embedded in the transcript inside paired ``/`` |
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189 slashes. These regular expressions should not include any whitespace |
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190 expressions. |
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191 |