Mercurial > python-cmd2
annotate docs/freefeatures.rst @ 341:9e593c480782
cleanup print to py3 syntax'
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| author | catherine@Drou |
|---|---|
| date | Tue, 16 Feb 2010 12:53:02 -0500 |
| parents | 49bea7cab179 |
| children | 6fe1e75e3a67 |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 314 | 1 =================================== |
| 2 Features requiring no modifications | |
| 3 =================================== | |
| 4 | |
| 5 These features are provided "for free" to a cmd_-based application | |
| 6 simply by replacing ``import cmd`` with ``import cmd2 as cmd``. | |
| 7 | |
| 331 | 8 Abbreviated commands |
| 9 ==================== | |
| 10 | |
| 11 ``cmd2`` apps will accept shortened command names | |
| 12 so long as there is no ambiguity. Thus, if | |
| 13 ``do_divide`` is defined, then ``divid``, ``div``, | |
| 14 or even ``d`` will suffice, so long as there are | |
| 15 no other commands defined beginning with *divid*, | |
| 16 *div*, or *d*. | |
| 17 | |
| 18 This behavior can be turned off with ``app.abbrev`` (see :ref:`parameters`) | |
| 19 | |
| 315 | 20 Script files |
| 21 ============ | |
| 22 | |
| 331 | 23 Text files can serve as scripts for your ``cmd2``-based |
| 24 application, with the ``load``, ``save``, and ``edit`` | |
| 25 commands. | |
| 315 | 26 |
| 27 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_load | |
| 28 | |
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29 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_save |
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30 |
| 331 | 31 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_edit |
| 32 | |
| 315 | 33 Output redirection |
| 34 ================== | |
| 35 | |
| 324 | 36 As in a Unix shell, output of a command can be redirected: |
| 37 | |
| 38 - sent to a file with ``>``, as in ``mycommand args > filename.txt`` | |
| 39 - piped (``|``) as input to operating-system commands, as in | |
| 40 ``mycommand args | wc`` | |
| 41 - sent to the paste buffer, ready for the next Copy operation, by | |
| 42 ending with a bare ``>``, as in ``mycommand args >``.. Redirecting | |
| 43 to paste buffer requires software to be installed on the operating | |
| 44 system, pywin32_ on Windows or xclip_ on *nix. | |
| 45 | |
| 46 .. _pywin32:: http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/ | |
| 47 .. _xclip:: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/xclip-linux-insert-files-command-output-intoclipboard/ | |
| 48 | |
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49 Commands at invocation |
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50 ====================== |
| 324 | 51 |
| 328 | 52 You can send commands to your app as you invoke it by |
| 53 including them as extra arguments to the program. | |
| 54 ``cmd2`` interprets each argument as a separate | |
| 55 command, so you should enclose each command in | |
| 56 quotation marks if it is more than a one-word command. | |
| 57 | |
| 58 :: | |
| 59 | |
| 60 cat@eee:~/proj/cmd2/example$ python example.py "say hello" "say Gracie" quit | |
| 61 hello | |
| 62 Gracie | |
| 63 cat@eee:~/proj/cmd2/example$ | |
| 315 | 64 |
| 65 Python | |
| 66 ====== | |
| 67 | |
| 328 | 68 :: |
| 69 | |
| 70 The ``py`` command will run its arguments as a Python | |
| 71 command. Entered without arguments, it enters an | |
| 72 interactive Python session. That session can call | |
| 73 "back" to your application with ``cmd("")``. Through | |
| 74 ``self``, it also has access to your application | |
| 75 instance itself. (If that thought terrifies you, | |
| 76 you can set the ``locals_in_py`` parameter to ``False``. | |
| 77 See see :ref:`parameters`) | |
| 78 | |
| 79 :: | |
| 80 | |
| 81 (Cmd) py print("-".join("spelling")) | |
| 82 s-p-e-l-l-i-n-g | |
| 83 (Cmd) py | |
| 84 Python 2.6.4 (r264:75706, Dec 7 2009, 18:45:15) | |
| 85 [GCC 4.4.1] on linux2 | |
| 86 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. | |
| 87 (CmdLineApp) | |
| 88 | |
| 89 py <command>: Executes a Python command. | |
| 90 py: Enters interactive Python mode. | |
| 91 End with `Ctrl-D` (Unix) / `Ctrl-Z` (Windows), `quit()`, 'exit()`. | |
| 92 Non-python commands can be issued with `cmd("your command")`. | |
| 93 | |
| 94 >>> import os | |
| 95 >>> os.uname() | |
| 96 ('Linux', 'eee', '2.6.31-19-generic', '#56-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jan 28 01:26:53 UTC 2010', 'i686') | |
| 97 >>> cmd("say --piglatin {os}".format(os=os.uname()[0])) | |
| 98 inuxLay | |
| 99 >>> self.prompt | |
| 100 '(Cmd) ' | |
| 101 >>> self.prompt = 'Python was here > ' | |
| 102 >>> quit() | |
| 103 Python was here > | |
| 104 | |
| 314 | 105 Searchable command history |
| 106 ========================== | |
| 107 | |
| 108 All cmd_-based applications have access to previous commands with | |
| 109 the up- and down- cursor keys. | |
| 110 | |
| 111 All cmd_-based applications on systems with the ``readline`` module | |
| 112 also provide `bash-like history list editing`_. | |
| 113 | |
| 114 .. _`bash-like history list editing`: http://www.talug.org/events/20030709/cmdline_history.html | |
| 115 | |
| 116 ``cmd2`` makes a third type of history access available, consisting of these commands: | |
| 117 | |
| 118 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_history | |
| 119 | |
| 329 | 120 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_list |
| 121 | |
| 122 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_run | |
| 123 | |
| 124 Quitting the application | |
| 125 ======================== | |
| 126 | |
| 127 ``cmd2`` pre-defines a ``quit`` command for you (with | |
| 128 synonyms ``exit`` and simply ``q``). | |
| 129 It's trivial, but it's one less thing for you to remember. | |
| 130 | |
| 331 | 131 Comments |
| 132 ======== | |
| 133 | |
| 134 Comments are omitted from the argument list | |
| 135 before it is passed to a ``do_`` method. By | |
| 136 default, both Python-style and C-style comments | |
| 137 are recognized; you may change this by overriding | |
| 138 ``app.commentGrammars`` with a different pyparsing_ | |
| 139 grammar. | |
| 140 | |
| 141 Comments can be useful in :ref:`script`s. Used | |
| 142 in an interactive session, they may indicate | |
| 143 mental imbalance. | |
| 144 | |
| 145 :: | |
| 146 | |
| 147 def do_speak(self, arg): | |
| 148 self.stdout.write(arg + '\n') | |
| 149 | |
| 150 :: | |
| 151 | |
| 152 (Cmd) speak it was /* not */ delicious! # Yuck! | |
| 153 it was delicious! | |
| 154 | |
| 332 | 155 Misc. pre-defined commands |
| 156 ========================== | |
| 157 | |
| 158 Several generically useful commands are defined | |
| 159 with automatically included ``do_`` methods. | |
| 160 | |
| 161 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_quit | |
| 162 | |
| 163 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_pause | |
| 164 | |
| 165 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_shell | |
| 166 | |
| 167 ( ``!`` is a shortcut for ``shell``; thus ``!ls`` | |
| 168 is equivalent to ``shell ls``.) | |
| 169 | |
| 170 | |
| 315 | 171 Transcript-based testing |
| 172 ======================== |