Mercurial > python-cmd2
annotate docs/freefeatures.rst @ 349:6116360f6e03
output redirection now wraps around precmd, postcmd
| author | catherine@Drou |
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| date | Tue, 16 Feb 2010 19:10:01 -0500 |
| parents | 49dd1ce6cfd6 |
| children | 52ab96d4f179 |
| rev | line source |
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| 314 | 1 =================================== |
| 2 Features requiring no modifications | |
| 3 =================================== | |
| 4 | |
| 5 These features are provided "for free" to a cmd_-based application | |
| 6 simply by replacing ``import cmd`` with ``import cmd2 as cmd``. | |
| 7 | |
| 315 | 8 Script files |
| 9 ============ | |
| 10 | |
| 331 | 11 Text files can serve as scripts for your ``cmd2``-based |
| 12 application, with the ``load``, ``save``, and ``edit`` | |
| 13 commands. | |
| 315 | 14 |
| 15 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_load | |
| 16 | |
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17 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_save |
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18 |
| 331 | 19 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_edit |
| 20 | |
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21 Comments |
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22 ======== |
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23 |
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24 Comments are omitted from the argument list |
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25 before it is passed to a ``do_`` method. By |
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26 default, both Python-style and C-style comments |
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27 are recognized; you may change this by overriding |
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28 ``app.commentGrammars`` with a different pyparsing_ |
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29 grammar. |
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30 |
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31 Comments can be useful in :ref:`script`s. Used |
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32 in an interactive session, they may indicate |
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33 mental imbalance. |
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34 |
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35 :: |
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36 |
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37 def do_speak(self, arg): |
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38 self.stdout.write(arg + '\n') |
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39 |
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40 :: |
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41 |
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42 (Cmd) speak it was /* not */ delicious! # Yuck! |
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43 it was delicious! |
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44 |
| 346 | 45 Commands at invocation |
| 46 ====================== | |
| 47 | |
| 48 You can send commands to your app as you invoke it by | |
| 49 including them as extra arguments to the program. | |
| 50 ``cmd2`` interprets each argument as a separate | |
| 51 command, so you should enclose each command in | |
| 52 quotation marks if it is more than a one-word command. | |
| 53 | |
| 54 :: | |
| 55 | |
| 56 cat@eee:~/proj/cmd2/example$ python example.py "say hello" "say Gracie" quit | |
| 57 hello | |
| 58 Gracie | |
| 59 cat@eee:~/proj/cmd2/example$ | |
| 60 | |
| 61 | |
| 315 | 62 Output redirection |
| 63 ================== | |
| 64 | |
| 324 | 65 As in a Unix shell, output of a command can be redirected: |
| 66 | |
| 67 - sent to a file with ``>``, as in ``mycommand args > filename.txt`` | |
| 68 - piped (``|``) as input to operating-system commands, as in | |
| 69 ``mycommand args | wc`` | |
| 70 - sent to the paste buffer, ready for the next Copy operation, by | |
| 71 ending with a bare ``>``, as in ``mycommand args >``.. Redirecting | |
| 72 to paste buffer requires software to be installed on the operating | |
| 73 system, pywin32_ on Windows or xclip_ on *nix. | |
| 74 | |
| 75 .. _pywin32:: http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/ | |
| 76 .. _xclip:: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/xclip-linux-insert-files-command-output-intoclipboard/ | |
| 77 | |
| 315 | 78 Python |
| 79 ====== | |
| 80 | |
| 328 | 81 :: |
| 82 | |
| 83 The ``py`` command will run its arguments as a Python | |
| 84 command. Entered without arguments, it enters an | |
| 85 interactive Python session. That session can call | |
| 86 "back" to your application with ``cmd("")``. Through | |
| 87 ``self``, it also has access to your application | |
| 88 instance itself. (If that thought terrifies you, | |
| 89 you can set the ``locals_in_py`` parameter to ``False``. | |
| 90 See see :ref:`parameters`) | |
| 91 | |
| 92 :: | |
| 93 | |
| 94 (Cmd) py print("-".join("spelling")) | |
| 95 s-p-e-l-l-i-n-g | |
| 96 (Cmd) py | |
| 97 Python 2.6.4 (r264:75706, Dec 7 2009, 18:45:15) | |
| 98 [GCC 4.4.1] on linux2 | |
| 99 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. | |
| 100 (CmdLineApp) | |
| 101 | |
| 102 py <command>: Executes a Python command. | |
| 103 py: Enters interactive Python mode. | |
| 104 End with `Ctrl-D` (Unix) / `Ctrl-Z` (Windows), `quit()`, 'exit()`. | |
| 105 Non-python commands can be issued with `cmd("your command")`. | |
| 106 | |
| 107 >>> import os | |
| 108 >>> os.uname() | |
| 109 ('Linux', 'eee', '2.6.31-19-generic', '#56-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jan 28 01:26:53 UTC 2010', 'i686') | |
| 110 >>> cmd("say --piglatin {os}".format(os=os.uname()[0])) | |
| 111 inuxLay | |
| 112 >>> self.prompt | |
| 113 '(Cmd) ' | |
| 114 >>> self.prompt = 'Python was here > ' | |
| 115 >>> quit() | |
| 116 Python was here > | |
| 117 | |
| 314 | 118 Searchable command history |
| 119 ========================== | |
| 120 | |
| 121 All cmd_-based applications have access to previous commands with | |
| 122 the up- and down- cursor keys. | |
| 123 | |
| 124 All cmd_-based applications on systems with the ``readline`` module | |
| 125 also provide `bash-like history list editing`_. | |
| 126 | |
| 127 .. _`bash-like history list editing`: http://www.talug.org/events/20030709/cmdline_history.html | |
| 128 | |
| 129 ``cmd2`` makes a third type of history access available, consisting of these commands: | |
| 130 | |
| 131 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_history | |
| 132 | |
| 329 | 133 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_list |
| 134 | |
| 135 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_run | |
| 136 | |
| 137 Quitting the application | |
| 138 ======================== | |
| 139 | |
| 140 ``cmd2`` pre-defines a ``quit`` command for you (with | |
| 141 synonyms ``exit`` and simply ``q``). | |
| 142 It's trivial, but it's one less thing for you to remember. | |
| 143 | |
| 331 | 144 |
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145 Abbreviated commands |
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146 ==================== |
| 331 | 147 |
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148 ``cmd2`` apps will accept shortened command names |
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149 so long as there is no ambiguity. Thus, if |
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150 ``do_divide`` is defined, then ``divid``, ``div``, |
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151 or even ``d`` will suffice, so long as there are |
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152 no other commands defined beginning with *divid*, |
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153 *div*, or *d*. |
| 331 | 154 |
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155 This behavior can be turned off with ``app.abbrev`` (see :ref:`parameters`) |
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156 |
| 332 | 157 Misc. pre-defined commands |
| 158 ========================== | |
| 159 | |
| 160 Several generically useful commands are defined | |
| 161 with automatically included ``do_`` methods. | |
| 162 | |
| 163 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_quit | |
| 164 | |
| 165 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_pause | |
| 166 | |
| 167 .. automethod:: cmd2.Cmd.do_shell | |
| 168 | |
| 169 ( ``!`` is a shortcut for ``shell``; thus ``!ls`` | |
| 170 is equivalent to ``shell ls``.) | |
| 171 | |
| 172 | |
| 315 | 173 Transcript-based testing |
| 174 ======================== | |
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175 |
| 346 | 176 If the entire transcript (input and output) of a successful session of |
| 177 a ``cmd2``-based app is copied from the screen and pasted into a text | |
| 178 file, ``transcript.txt``, then a transcript test can be run against it:: | |
| 179 | |
| 180 python app.py --test transcript.txt | |
| 181 | |
| 182 Any deviations between the output prescribed in ``transcript.txt`` and | |
| 183 the actual output from a fresh run of the application will be reported | |
| 184 as a unit test failure. |