annotate python/pyyacc.py @ 192:6cd6260789a1

Added more tests for parser generator
author Windel Bouwman
date Sun, 26 May 2013 23:19:27 +0200
parents 6b2bec5653f1
children b01429a5d695
rev   line source
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1 """
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2 Parser generator script
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3 """
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4
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5 from ppci import Token
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6
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7 EPS = 'EPS'
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8 EOF = 'EOF'
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9 SHIFT = 1
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10 REDUCE = 2
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11 ACCEPT = 3
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12
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13 class ParserGenerationException(Exception):
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14 """ Raised when something goes wrong during parser generation """
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15 pass
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17
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18 class ParserException(Exception):
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19 """ Raised during a failure in the parsing process """
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20 pass
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21
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22
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23 class Grammar:
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24 """ Defines a grammar of a language """
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25 def __init__(self, terminals):
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26 self.terminals = terminals
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27 self.nonterminals = []
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28 self.productions = []
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29 self._first = None # Cached first set
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30
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31 def add_production(self, name, symbols):
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32 """ Add a production rule to the grammar """
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33 production = Production(name, symbols)
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34 self.productions.append(production)
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35 if name in self.terminals:
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36 raise ParserGenerationException("Cannot redefine terminal {0}".format(name))
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37 if not name in self.nonterminals:
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38 self.nonterminals.append(name)
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39
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40 def productionsForName(self, name):
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41 """ Retrieve all productions for a non terminal """
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42 return [p for p in self.productions if p.name == name]
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43
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44 @property
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45 def Symbols(self):
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46 """ Get all the symbols defined by this grammar """
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47 return self.nonterminals + self.terminals
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48
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49 @property
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50 def first(self):
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51 """
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52 The first set is a mapping from a grammar symbol to a set of
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53 set of all terminal symbols that can be the first terminal when
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54 looking for the grammar symbol
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55 """
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56 if not self._first:
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57 self._first = self.calcFirstSets()
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58 return self._first
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59
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60 def calcFirstSets(self):
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61 """
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62 Calculate first sets for each grammar symbol
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63 This is a dictionary which maps each grammar symbol
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64 to a set of terminals that can be encountered first
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65 when looking for the symbol.
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66 """
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67 first = {}
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68 for t in self.terminals + [EOF, EPS]:
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69 first[t] = set([t])
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70 for nt in self.nonterminals:
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71 first[nt] = set()
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72 epsset = {EPS}
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73 while True:
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74 some_change = False
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75 for p in self.productions:
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76 rhs = set()
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77 for beta in p.symbols:
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78 rhs = rhs | (first[beta] - epsset)
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79 if not EPS in first[beta]:
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80 break
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81 else:
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82 if EPS in first[beta]:
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83 rhs.add(EPS)
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84 if rhs - first[p.name]:
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85 first[p.name] |= rhs
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86 some_change = True
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87 if not some_change:
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88 break
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89 return first
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90
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91 def closure(self, itemset):
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92 """ Expand itemset by using epsilon moves """
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93 worklist = list(itemset)
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94 def addIt(itm):
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95 if not itm in itemset:
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96 itemset.add(itm)
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97 worklist.append(itm)
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98 def first2(itm):
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99 # When using the first sets, create a copy:
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100 f = set(self.first[itm.NextNext])
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101 if EPS in f:
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102 f.discard(EPS)
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103 f.add(itm.look_ahead)
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104 return f
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105 # Start of algorithm:
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106 while worklist:
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107 item = worklist.pop(0)
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108 if not item.IsShift:
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109 continue
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110 if not (item.Next in self.nonterminals):
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111 continue
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112 C = item.Next
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113 for add_p in self.productionsForName(C):
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114 for b in first2(item):
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115 addIt(Item(add_p, 0, b))
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116 return frozenset(itemset)
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117
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118 def initialItemSet(self):
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119 """ Calculates the initial item set """
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120 iis = set()
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121 for p in self.productionsForName(self.start_symbol):
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122 iis.add(Item(p, 0, EOF))
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123 return self.closure(iis)
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124
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125 def nextItemSet(self, itemset, symbol):
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126 """
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127 Determines the next itemset for the current set and a symbol
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128 This is the goto procedure
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129 """
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130 next_set = set()
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131 for item in itemset:
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132 if item.can_shift_over(symbol):
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133 next_set.add(item.shifted())
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134 return self.closure(next_set)
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135
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136 def genCanonicalSet(self, iis):
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137 states = []
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138 worklist = []
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139 transitions = {}
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140 def addSt(s):
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141 if not (s in states):
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142 worklist.append(s)
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143 states.append(s)
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144 addSt(iis)
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145 while len(worklist) > 0:
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146 itemset = worklist.pop(0)
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147 for symbol in self.Symbols:
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148 nis = self.nextItemSet(itemset, symbol)
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149 if not nis:
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150 continue
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151 addSt(nis)
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152 transitions[(states.index(itemset), symbol)] = states.index(nis)
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153 return states, transitions
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154
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155 def checkSymbols(self):
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156 """ Checks no symbols are undefined """
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157 for production in self.productions:
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158 for symbol in production.symbols:
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159 if symbol not in self.Symbols:
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160 raise ParserGenerationException('Symbol {0} undefined'.format(symbol))
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161
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162
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163 def genParser(self):
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164 """ Generates a parser from the grammar """
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165 self.checkSymbols()
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166 action_table = {}
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167 goto_table = {}
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168 iis = self.initialItemSet()
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169
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170 # First generate all item sets by using the nextItemset function:
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171 states, transitions = self.genCanonicalSet(iis)
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172
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173 def setAction(state, t, action):
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174 key = (state, t)
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175 if key in action_table:
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176 action2 = action_table[key]
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177 if action != action2:
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178 raise ParserGenerationException('LR construction conflict')
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179 else:
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180 action_table[key] = action
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181
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182 # Fill action table:
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183 for state in states:
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184 # Detect conflicts:
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185 for item in state:
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186 if item.IsShift and item.Next in self.terminals:
185
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187 # Rule 1, a shift item:
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188 nextstate = transitions[(states.index(state), item.Next)]
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189 setAction(states.index(state), item.Next, (SHIFT, nextstate))
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190 if item.IsReduce:
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191 if item.production.name == self.start_symbol and item.look_ahead == EOF:
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192 # Rule 3: accept:
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193 setAction(states.index(state), item.look_ahead, (ACCEPT, None))
184
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194 else:
185
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195 # Rule 2, reduce item:
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196 setAction(states.index(state), item.look_ahead, (REDUCE, item.production))
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197 for nt in self.nonterminals:
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198 key = (states.index(state), nt)
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199 if key in transitions:
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200 goto_table[key] = transitions[key]
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201
185
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202 return LRParser(action_table, goto_table)
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203
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204
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205 class Production:
181
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206 """ Production rule for a grammar """
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207 def __init__(self, name, symbols):
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208 self.name = name
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209 self.symbols = symbols
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210
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211 def __repr__(self):
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212 return '{0} -> {1}'.format(self.name, self.symbols)
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213
179
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214
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215 class Item:
186
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216 """
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217 Represents a partially parsed item
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218 It has a production it is looking for, a position
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219 in this production called the 'dot' and a look ahead
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220 symbol that must follow this item.
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221 """
181
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222 def __init__(self, production, dotpos, look_ahead):
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223 self.production = production
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224 self.dotpos = dotpos
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225 assert self.dotpos <= len(self.production.symbols)
181
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226 self.look_ahead = look_ahead
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227
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228 def getdata(self):
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229 """ Gets the members as a tuple """
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230 return (self.production, self.dotpos, self.look_ahead)
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231
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232 def __eq__(self, other):
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233 if type(other) is type(self):
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234 return self.getdata() == other.getdata()
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235 return False
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236
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237 def __hash__(self):
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238 return self.getdata().__hash__()
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239
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240 @property
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241 def IsReduce(self):
186
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242 """ Check if this item has the dot at the end """
181
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243 return self.dotpos == len(self.production.symbols)
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244
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245 @property
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246 def IsShift(self):
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247 """ Check if this item is a shift item, i.e. the dot can proceed """
181
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248 return not self.IsReduce
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249
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250 @property
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251 def Next(self):
186
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252 """ Returns the symbol after the dot """
181
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253 return self.production.symbols[self.dotpos]
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254
184
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255 def can_shift_over(self, symbol):
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256 """ Determines if this item can shift over the given symbol """
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257 return self.IsShift and self.Next == symbol
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258
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259 def shifted(self):
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260 """ Creates a new item that is shifted one position """
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261 return Item(self.production, self.dotpos + 1, self.look_ahead)
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262
181
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263 @property
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264 def NextNext(self):
186
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265 """ Gets the symbol after the next symbol, or EPS if at the end """
181
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266 if self.dotpos + 1 >= len(self.production.symbols):
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267 return EPS
181
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268 else:
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269 return self.production.symbols[self.dotpos + 1]
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270
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271 def __repr__(self):
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272 prod = self.production
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273 predot = ' '.join(prod.symbols[0:self.dotpos])
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274 postdot = ' '.join(prod.symbols[self.dotpos:])
186
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275 name = prod.name
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276 args = (name, predot, postdot, self.look_ahead)
185
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277 return '[{0} -> {1} . {2} -> {3}]'.format(*args)
181
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278
179
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279
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280 class LRParser:
184
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281 """ LR parser """
185
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282 def __init__(self, action_table, goto_table):
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283 self.action_table = action_table
185
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284 self.goto_table = goto_table
184
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285
181
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286 def parse(self, toks):
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287 """ Parse an iterable with tokens """
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288 assert hasattr(toks, '__iter__'), '{0} not iter type'.format(type(toks))
185
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289 stack = [0]
191
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290 look_ahead = toks.__next__()
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291 assert type(look_ahead) is Token
181
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parents: 180
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292 while True:
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293 state = stack[-1] # top of stack
191
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294 key = (state, look_ahead.typ)
181
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295 if not key in self.action_table:
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296 raise Exception('Error parsing at character {0}'.format(look_ahead))
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parents: 186
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297 action, param = self.action_table[key]
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298 if action == REDUCE:
181
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299 for s in param.symbols:
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300 stack.pop()
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301 stack.pop()
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302 state = stack[-1]
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303 stack.append(param.name)
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304 stack.append(self.goto_table[(state, param.name)])
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305 elif action == SHIFT:
191
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parents: 186
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306 stack.append(look_ahead.typ)
185
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307 stack.append(param)
191
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parents: 186
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308 try:
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309 look_ahead = toks.__next__()
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310 except StopIteration:
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311 look_ahead = Token(EOF, EOF, 0)
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312 assert type(look_ahead) is Token
184
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parents: 181
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313 elif action == ACCEPT:
181
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314 break
178
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parents:
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315
192
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316
184
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317 def testSimpleGrammar():
181
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318 # 1. define a simple grammar:
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319 g = Grammar(['EOF', 'identifier', '(', ')', '+', '*'])
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320 g.add_production('input', ['expression'])
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321 g.add_production('expression', ['term'])
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322 g.add_production('expression', ['expression', '+', 'term'])
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323 g.add_production('term', ['factor'])
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324 g.add_production('term', ['term', '*', 'factor'])
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325 g.add_production('factor', ['(', 'expression', ')'])
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326 g.add_production('factor', ['identifier'])
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327 g.start_symbol = 'input'
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328 # 2. define input:
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329 tokens = ['identifier', '+', 'identifier', '+', 'identifier']
181
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330 # 3. build parser:
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331 p = g.genParser()
181
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332 # 4. feed input:
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diff changeset
333 def genTokens(lst):
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334 for t in lst:
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335 yield Token(t, t, 0)
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336 p.parse(genTokens(tokens))
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337
184
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parents: 181
diff changeset
338
181
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339 if __name__ == '__main__':
184
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340 testSimpleGrammar()
192
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diff changeset
341