annotate python/pyyacc.py @ 186:46d62dadd61b

Improved testsuite
author Windel Bouwman
date Sat, 25 May 2013 14:26:25 +0200
parents 51a6440d6398
children 6b2bec5653f1
rev   line source
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1 """
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2 Parser generator script
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3 """
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4
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5 EPS = 'EPS'
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6 EOF = 'EOF'
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7 SHIFT = 1
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8 REDUCE = 2
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9 ACCEPT = 3
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10
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11 class ParserGenerationException(Exception):
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12 """ Raised when something goes wrong during parser generation """
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13 pass
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16 class ParserException(Exception):
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17 """ Raised during a failure in the parsing process """
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18 pass
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19
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20
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21 class Grammar:
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22 """ Defines a grammar of a language """
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23 def __init__(self, terminals):
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24 self.terminals = terminals
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25 self.nonterminals = []
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26 self.productions = []
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27 self._first = None # Cached first set
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28
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29 def add_production(self, name, symbols):
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30 """ Add a production rule to the grammar """
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31 production = Production(name, symbols)
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32 self.productions.append(production)
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33 assert not name in self.terminals, "Cannot redefine terminal"
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34 if not name in self.nonterminals:
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35 self.nonterminals.append(name)
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36
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37 def productionsForName(self, name):
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38 """ Retrieve all productions for a non terminal """
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39 return [p for p in self.productions if p.name == name]
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40
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41 @property
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42 def Symbols(self):
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43 """ Get all the symbols defined by this grammar """
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44 return self.nonterminals + self.terminals
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45
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46 @property
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47 def first(self):
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48 """
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49 The first set is a mapping from a grammar symbol to a set of
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50 set of all terminal symbols that can be the first terminal when
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51 looking for the grammar symbol
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52 """
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53 if not self._first:
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54 self._first = self.calcFirstSets()
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55 return self._first
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56
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57 def calcFirstSets(self):
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58 """
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59 Calculate first sets for each grammar symbol
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60 This is a dictionary which maps each grammar symbol
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61 to a set of terminals that can be encountered first
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62 when looking for the symbol.
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63 """
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64 first = {}
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65 for t in self.terminals + [EOF, EPS]:
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66 first[t] = set([t])
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67 for nt in self.nonterminals:
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68 first[nt] = set()
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69 epsset = {EPS}
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70 while True:
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71 some_change = False
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72 for p in self.productions:
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73 rhs = set()
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74 for beta in p.symbols:
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75 rhs = rhs | (first[beta] - epsset)
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76 if not EPS in first[beta]:
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77 break
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78 else:
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79 if EPS in first[beta]:
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80 rhs.add(EPS)
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81 if rhs - first[p.name]:
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82 first[p.name] |= rhs
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83 some_change = True
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84 if not some_change:
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85 break
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86 return first
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87
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88 def closure(self, itemset):
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89 """ Expand itemset by using epsilon moves """
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90 worklist = list(itemset)
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91 def addIt(itm):
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92 if not itm in itemset:
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93 itemset.add(itm)
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94 worklist.append(itm)
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95 def first2(itm):
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96 # When using the first sets, create a copy:
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97 f = set(self.first[itm.NextNext])
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98 if EPS in f:
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99 f.discard(EPS)
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100 f.add(itm.look_ahead)
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101 return f
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102 # Start of algorithm:
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103 while worklist:
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104 item = worklist.pop(0)
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105 if not item.IsShift:
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106 continue
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107 if not (item.Next in self.nonterminals):
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108 continue
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109 C = item.Next
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110 for add_p in self.productionsForName(C):
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111 for b in first2(item):
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112 addIt(Item(add_p, 0, b))
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113 return frozenset(itemset)
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114
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115 def initialItemSet(self):
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116 """ Calculates the initial item set """
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117 iis = set()
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118 for p in self.productionsForName(self.start_symbol):
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119 iis.add(Item(p, 0, EOF))
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120 return self.closure(iis)
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121
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122 def nextItemSet(self, itemset, symbol):
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123 """
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124 Determines the next itemset for the current set and a symbol
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125 This is the goto procedure
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126 """
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127 next_set = set()
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128 for item in itemset:
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129 if item.can_shift_over(symbol):
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130 next_set.add(item.shifted())
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131 return self.closure(next_set)
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132
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133 def genCanonicalSet(self, iis):
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134 states = []
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135 worklist = []
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136 transitions = {}
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137 def addSt(s):
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138 if not (s in states):
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139 worklist.append(s)
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140 states.append(s)
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141 addSt(iis)
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142 while len(worklist) > 0:
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143 itemset = worklist.pop(0)
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144 for symbol in self.Symbols:
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145 nis = self.nextItemSet(itemset, symbol)
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146 if not nis:
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147 continue
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148 addSt(nis)
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149 transitions[(states.index(itemset), symbol)] = states.index(nis)
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150 return states, transitions
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151
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152 def genParser(self):
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153 """ Generates a parser from the grammar """
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154 action_table = {}
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155 goto_table = {}
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156 iis = self.initialItemSet()
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157
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158 # First generate all item sets by using the nextItemset function:
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159 states, transitions = self.genCanonicalSet(iis)
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160
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161 def setAction(state, t, action):
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162 key = (state, t)
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163 if key in action_table:
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164 action2 = action_table[key]
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165 if action != action2:
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166 raise ParserGenerationException('LR construction conflict')
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167 else:
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168 action_table[key] = action
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169
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170 # Fill action table:
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171 for state in states:
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172 # Detect conflicts:
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173 for item in state:
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174 if item.IsShift and item.Next in self.terminals:
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175 # Rule 1, a shift item:
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176 nextstate = transitions[(states.index(state), item.Next)]
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177 setAction(states.index(state), item.Next, (SHIFT, nextstate))
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178 if item.IsReduce:
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179 if item.production.name == self.start_symbol and item.look_ahead == EOF:
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180 # Rule 3: accept:
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181 setAction(states.index(state), item.look_ahead, (ACCEPT, None))
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182 else:
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183 # Rule 2, reduce item:
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184 setAction(states.index(state), item.look_ahead, (REDUCE, item.production))
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185 for nt in self.nonterminals:
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186 key = (states.index(state), nt)
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187 if key in transitions:
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188 goto_table[key] = transitions[key]
184
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189
185
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190 return LRParser(action_table, goto_table)
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191
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192
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193 class Production:
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194 """ Production rule for a grammar """
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195 def __init__(self, name, symbols):
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196 self.name = name
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197 self.symbols = symbols
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198
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199 def __repr__(self):
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200 return '{0} -> {1}'.format(self.name, self.symbols)
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201
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202
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203 class Item:
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204 """
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205 Represents a partially parsed item
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206 It has a production it is looking for, a position
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207 in this production called the 'dot' and a look ahead
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208 symbol that must follow this item.
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209 """
181
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210 def __init__(self, production, dotpos, look_ahead):
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211 self.production = production
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212 self.dotpos = dotpos
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213 assert self.dotpos <= len(self.production.symbols)
181
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214 self.look_ahead = look_ahead
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215
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216 def getdata(self):
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217 """ Gets the members as a tuple """
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218 return (self.production, self.dotpos, self.look_ahead)
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219
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220 def __eq__(self, other):
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221 if type(other) is type(self):
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222 return self.getdata() == other.getdata()
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223 return False
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224
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225 def __hash__(self):
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226 return self.getdata().__hash__()
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227
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228 @property
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229 def IsReduce(self):
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230 """ Check if this item has the dot at the end """
181
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231 return self.dotpos == len(self.production.symbols)
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232
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233 @property
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234 def IsShift(self):
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235 """ Check if this item is a shift item, i.e. the dot can proceed """
181
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236 return not self.IsReduce
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237
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238 @property
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239 def Next(self):
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240 """ Returns the symbol after the dot """
181
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241 return self.production.symbols[self.dotpos]
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242
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243 def can_shift_over(self, symbol):
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244 """ Determines if this item can shift over the given symbol """
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245 return self.IsShift and self.Next == symbol
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246
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247 def shifted(self):
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248 """ Creates a new item that is shifted one position """
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249 return Item(self.production, self.dotpos + 1, self.look_ahead)
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250
181
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251 @property
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252 def NextNext(self):
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253 """ Gets the symbol after the next symbol, or EPS if at the end """
181
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254 if self.dotpos + 1 >= len(self.production.symbols):
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255 return EPS
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256 else:
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257 return self.production.symbols[self.dotpos + 1]
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258
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259 def __repr__(self):
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260 prod = self.production
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261 predot = ' '.join(prod.symbols[0:self.dotpos])
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262 postdot = ' '.join(prod.symbols[self.dotpos:])
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263 name = prod.name
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264 args = (name, predot, postdot, self.look_ahead)
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265 return '[{0} -> {1} . {2} -> {3}]'.format(*args)
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266
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267
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268 class LRParser:
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269 """ LR parser """
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270 def __init__(self, action_table, goto_table):
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271 self.action_table = action_table
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272 self.goto_table = goto_table
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273
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274 def parse(self, toks):
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275 stack = [0]
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276 look_ahead = toks.pop(0)
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277 while True:
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278 state = stack[-1] # top of stack
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279 key = (state, look_ahead)
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280 if not key in self.action_table:
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281 print(key)
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282 raise Exception('Error parsing')
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283 action, param = self.action_table[(state, look_ahead)]
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284 if action == REDUCE:
181
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285 for s in param.symbols:
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286 stack.pop()
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287 stack.pop()
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288 state = stack[-1]
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289 stack.append(param.name)
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290 stack.append(self.goto_table[(state, param.name)])
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291 elif action == SHIFT:
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292 stack.append(look_ahead)
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293 stack.append(param)
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294 look_ahead = toks.pop(0)
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295 elif action == ACCEPT:
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296 break
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297
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298 def testSimpleGrammar():
181
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299 # 1. define a simple grammar:
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300 g = Grammar(['EOF', 'identifier', '(', ')', '+', '*'])
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301 g.add_production('input', ['expression'])
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302 g.add_production('expression', ['term'])
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303 g.add_production('expression', ['expression', '+', 'term'])
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304 g.add_production('term', ['factor'])
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305 g.add_production('term', ['term', '*', 'factor'])
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306 g.add_production('factor', ['(', 'expression', ')'])
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307 g.add_production('factor', ['identifier'])
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308 g.start_symbol = 'input'
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309 # 2. define input:
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310 tokens = ['identifier', '+', 'identifier', '+', 'identifier', 'EOF']
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311 # 3. build parser:
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312 p = g.genParser()
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313 # 4. feed input:
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314 p.parse(tokens)
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315
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316
181
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317 if __name__ == '__main__':
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318 testSimpleGrammar()