1866
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1 /*
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2 ** $Id: ltable.c,v 2.72 2012/09/11 19:37:16 roberto Exp $
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3 ** Lua tables (hash)
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4 ** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
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5 */
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6
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7
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8 /*
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9 ** Implementation of tables (aka arrays, objects, or hash tables).
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10 ** Tables keep its elements in two parts: an array part and a hash part.
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11 ** Non-negative integer keys are all candidates to be kept in the array
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12 ** part. The actual size of the array is the largest `n' such that at
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13 ** least half the slots between 0 and n are in use.
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14 ** Hash uses a mix of chained scatter table with Brent's variation.
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15 ** A main invariant of these tables is that, if an element is not
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16 ** in its main position (i.e. the `original' position that its hash gives
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17 ** to it), then the colliding element is in its own main position.
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18 ** Hence even when the load factor reaches 100%, performance remains good.
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19 */
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20
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21 #include <string.h>
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22
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23 #define ltable_c
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24 #define LUA_CORE
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25
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26 #include "lua.h"
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27
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28 #include "ldebug.h"
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29 #include "ldo.h"
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30 #include "lgc.h"
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31 #include "lmem.h"
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32 #include "lobject.h"
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33 #include "lstate.h"
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34 #include "lstring.h"
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35 #include "ltable.h"
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36 #include "lvm.h"
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37
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38
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39 /*
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40 ** max size of array part is 2^MAXBITS
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41 */
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42 #if LUAI_BITSINT >= 32
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43 #define MAXBITS 30
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44 #else
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45 #define MAXBITS (LUAI_BITSINT-2)
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46 #endif
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47
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48 #define MAXASIZE (1 << MAXBITS)
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49
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50
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51 #define hashpow2(t,n) (gnode(t, lmod((n), sizenode(t))))
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52
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53 #define hashstr(t,str) hashpow2(t, (str)->tsv.hash)
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54 #define hashboolean(t,p) hashpow2(t, p)
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55
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56
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57 /*
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58 ** for some types, it is better to avoid modulus by power of 2, as
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59 ** they tend to have many 2 factors.
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60 */
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61 #define hashmod(t,n) (gnode(t, ((n) % ((sizenode(t)-1)|1))))
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62
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63
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64 #define hashpointer(t,p) hashmod(t, IntPoint(p))
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65
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66
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67 #define dummynode (&dummynode_)
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68
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69 #define isdummy(n) ((n) == dummynode)
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70
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71 static const Node dummynode_ = {
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72 {NILCONSTANT}, /* value */
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73 {{NILCONSTANT, NULL}} /* key */
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74 };
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75
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76
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77 /*
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78 ** hash for lua_Numbers
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79 */
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80 static Node *hashnum (const Table *t, lua_Number n) {
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81 int i;
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82 luai_hashnum(i, n);
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83 if (i < 0) {
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84 if (cast(unsigned int, i) == 0u - i) /* use unsigned to avoid overflows */
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85 i = 0; /* handle INT_MIN */
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86 i = -i; /* must be a positive value */
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87 }
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88 return hashmod(t, i);
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89 }
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90
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91
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92
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93 /*
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94 ** returns the `main' position of an element in a table (that is, the index
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95 ** of its hash value)
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96 */
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97 static Node *mainposition (const Table *t, const TValue *key) {
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98 switch (ttype(key)) {
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99 case LUA_TNUMBER:
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100 return hashnum(t, nvalue(key));
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101 case LUA_TLNGSTR: {
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102 TString *s = rawtsvalue(key);
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103 if (s->tsv.extra == 0) { /* no hash? */
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104 s->tsv.hash = luaS_hash(getstr(s), s->tsv.len, s->tsv.hash);
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105 s->tsv.extra = 1; /* now it has its hash */
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106 }
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107 return hashstr(t, rawtsvalue(key));
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108 }
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109 case LUA_TSHRSTR:
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110 return hashstr(t, rawtsvalue(key));
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111 case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
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112 return hashboolean(t, bvalue(key));
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113 case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA:
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114 return hashpointer(t, pvalue(key));
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115 case LUA_TLCF:
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116 return hashpointer(t, fvalue(key));
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117 default:
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118 return hashpointer(t, gcvalue(key));
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119 }
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120 }
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121
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122
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123 /*
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124 ** returns the index for `key' if `key' is an appropriate key to live in
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125 ** the array part of the table, -1 otherwise.
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126 */
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127 static int arrayindex (const TValue *key) {
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128 if (ttisnumber(key)) {
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129 lua_Number n = nvalue(key);
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130 int k;
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131 lua_number2int(k, n);
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132 if (luai_numeq(cast_num(k), n))
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133 return k;
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134 }
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135 return -1; /* `key' did not match some condition */
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136 }
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137
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138
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139 /*
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140 ** returns the index of a `key' for table traversals. First goes all
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141 ** elements in the array part, then elements in the hash part. The
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142 ** beginning of a traversal is signaled by -1.
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143 */
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144 static int findindex (lua_State *L, Table *t, StkId key) {
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145 int i;
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146 if (ttisnil(key)) return -1; /* first iteration */
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147 i = arrayindex(key);
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148 if (0 < i && i <= t->sizearray) /* is `key' inside array part? */
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149 return i-1; /* yes; that's the index (corrected to C) */
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150 else {
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151 Node *n = mainposition(t, key);
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152 for (;;) { /* check whether `key' is somewhere in the chain */
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153 /* key may be dead already, but it is ok to use it in `next' */
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154 if (luaV_rawequalobj(gkey(n), key) ||
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155 (ttisdeadkey(gkey(n)) && iscollectable(key) &&
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156 deadvalue(gkey(n)) == gcvalue(key))) {
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157 i = cast_int(n - gnode(t, 0)); /* key index in hash table */
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158 /* hash elements are numbered after array ones */
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159 return i + t->sizearray;
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160 }
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161 else n = gnext(n);
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162 if (n == NULL)
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163 luaG_runerror(L, "invalid key to " LUA_QL("next")); /* key not found */
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164 }
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165 }
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166 }
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167
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168
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169 int luaH_next (lua_State *L, Table *t, StkId key) {
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170 int i = findindex(L, t, key); /* find original element */
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171 for (i++; i < t->sizearray; i++) { /* try first array part */
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172 if (!ttisnil(&t->array[i])) { /* a non-nil value? */
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173 setnvalue(key, cast_num(i+1));
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174 setobj2s(L, key+1, &t->array[i]);
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175 return 1;
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176 }
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177 }
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178 for (i -= t->sizearray; i < sizenode(t); i++) { /* then hash part */
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179 if (!ttisnil(gval(gnode(t, i)))) { /* a non-nil value? */
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180 setobj2s(L, key, gkey(gnode(t, i)));
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181 setobj2s(L, key+1, gval(gnode(t, i)));
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182 return 1;
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183 }
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184 }
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185 return 0; /* no more elements */
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186 }
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187
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188
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189 /*
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190 ** {=============================================================
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191 ** Rehash
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192 ** ==============================================================
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193 */
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194
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195
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196 static int computesizes (int nums[], int *narray) {
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197 int i;
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198 int twotoi; /* 2^i */
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199 int a = 0; /* number of elements smaller than 2^i */
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200 int na = 0; /* number of elements to go to array part */
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201 int n = 0; /* optimal size for array part */
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202 for (i = 0, twotoi = 1; twotoi/2 < *narray; i++, twotoi *= 2) {
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203 if (nums[i] > 0) {
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204 a += nums[i];
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205 if (a > twotoi/2) { /* more than half elements present? */
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206 n = twotoi; /* optimal size (till now) */
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207 na = a; /* all elements smaller than n will go to array part */
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208 }
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209 }
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210 if (a == *narray) break; /* all elements already counted */
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211 }
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212 *narray = n;
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213 lua_assert(*narray/2 <= na && na <= *narray);
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214 return na;
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215 }
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216
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217
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218 static int countint (const TValue *key, int *nums) {
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219 int k = arrayindex(key);
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220 if (0 < k && k <= MAXASIZE) { /* is `key' an appropriate array index? */
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221 nums[luaO_ceillog2(k)]++; /* count as such */
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222 return 1;
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223 }
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224 else
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225 return 0;
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226 }
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227
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228
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229 static int numusearray (const Table *t, int *nums) {
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230 int lg;
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231 int ttlg; /* 2^lg */
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232 int ause = 0; /* summation of `nums' */
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233 int i = 1; /* count to traverse all array keys */
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234 for (lg=0, ttlg=1; lg<=MAXBITS; lg++, ttlg*=2) { /* for each slice */
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235 int lc = 0; /* counter */
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236 int lim = ttlg;
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237 if (lim > t->sizearray) {
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238 lim = t->sizearray; /* adjust upper limit */
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239 if (i > lim)
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240 break; /* no more elements to count */
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241 }
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242 /* count elements in range (2^(lg-1), 2^lg] */
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243 for (; i <= lim; i++) {
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244 if (!ttisnil(&t->array[i-1]))
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245 lc++;
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246 }
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247 nums[lg] += lc;
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248 ause += lc;
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249 }
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250 return ause;
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251 }
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252
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253
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254 static int numusehash (const Table *t, int *nums, int *pnasize) {
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255 int totaluse = 0; /* total number of elements */
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256 int ause = 0; /* summation of `nums' */
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257 int i = sizenode(t);
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258 while (i--) {
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259 Node *n = &t->node[i];
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260 if (!ttisnil(gval(n))) {
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261 ause += countint(gkey(n), nums);
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262 totaluse++;
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263 }
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264 }
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265 *pnasize += ause;
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266 return totaluse;
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267 }
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268
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269
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270 static void setarrayvector (lua_State *L, Table *t, int size) {
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271 int i;
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272 luaM_reallocvector(L, t->array, t->sizearray, size, TValue);
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273 for (i=t->sizearray; i<size; i++)
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274 setnilvalue(&t->array[i]);
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275 t->sizearray = size;
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276 }
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277
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278
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279 static void setnodevector (lua_State *L, Table *t, int size) {
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280 int lsize;
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281 if (size == 0) { /* no elements to hash part? */
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282 t->node = cast(Node *, dummynode); /* use common `dummynode' */
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283 lsize = 0;
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284 }
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285 else {
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286 int i;
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287 lsize = luaO_ceillog2(size);
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288 if (lsize > MAXBITS)
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289 luaG_runerror(L, "table overflow");
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290 size = twoto(lsize);
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291 t->node = luaM_newvector(L, size, Node);
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292 for (i=0; i<size; i++) {
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293 Node *n = gnode(t, i);
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294 gnext(n) = NULL;
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295 setnilvalue(gkey(n));
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296 setnilvalue(gval(n));
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297 }
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298 }
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299 t->lsizenode = cast_byte(lsize);
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300 t->lastfree = gnode(t, size); /* all positions are free */
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301 }
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302
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303
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304 void luaH_resize (lua_State *L, Table *t, int nasize, int nhsize) {
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305 int i;
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306 int oldasize = t->sizearray;
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307 int oldhsize = t->lsizenode;
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308 Node *nold = t->node; /* save old hash ... */
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309 if (nasize > oldasize) /* array part must grow? */
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310 setarrayvector(L, t, nasize);
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311 /* create new hash part with appropriate size */
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312 setnodevector(L, t, nhsize);
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313 if (nasize < oldasize) { /* array part must shrink? */
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314 t->sizearray = nasize;
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315 /* re-insert elements from vanishing slice */
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316 for (i=nasize; i<oldasize; i++) {
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317 if (!ttisnil(&t->array[i]))
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318 luaH_setint(L, t, i + 1, &t->array[i]);
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319 }
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320 /* shrink array */
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321 luaM_reallocvector(L, t->array, oldasize, nasize, TValue);
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322 }
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323 /* re-insert elements from hash part */
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324 for (i = twoto(oldhsize) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
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325 Node *old = nold+i;
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326 if (!ttisnil(gval(old))) {
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327 /* doesn't need barrier/invalidate cache, as entry was
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328 already present in the table */
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329 setobjt2t(L, luaH_set(L, t, gkey(old)), gval(old));
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330 }
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331 }
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332 if (!isdummy(nold))
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333 luaM_freearray(L, nold, cast(size_t, twoto(oldhsize))); /* free old array */
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334 }
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335
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336
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337 void luaH_resizearray (lua_State *L, Table *t, int nasize) {
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338 int nsize = isdummy(t->node) ? 0 : sizenode(t);
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339 luaH_resize(L, t, nasize, nsize);
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340 }
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341
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342
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343 static void rehash (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *ek) {
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344 int nasize, na;
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345 int nums[MAXBITS+1]; /* nums[i] = number of keys with 2^(i-1) < k <= 2^i */
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346 int i;
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347 int totaluse;
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348 for (i=0; i<=MAXBITS; i++) nums[i] = 0; /* reset counts */
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349 nasize = numusearray(t, nums); /* count keys in array part */
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350 totaluse = nasize; /* all those keys are integer keys */
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351 totaluse += numusehash(t, nums, &nasize); /* count keys in hash part */
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352 /* count extra key */
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353 nasize += countint(ek, nums);
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354 totaluse++;
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355 /* compute new size for array part */
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356 na = computesizes(nums, &nasize);
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357 /* resize the table to new computed sizes */
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358 luaH_resize(L, t, nasize, totaluse - na);
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359 }
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360
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361
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362
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363 /*
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364 ** }=============================================================
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365 */
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366
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367
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368 Table *luaH_new (lua_State *L) {
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369 Table *t = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TTABLE, sizeof(Table), NULL, 0)->h;
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370 t->metatable = NULL;
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371 t->flags = cast_byte(~0);
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372 t->array = NULL;
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373 t->sizearray = 0;
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374 setnodevector(L, t, 0);
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375 return t;
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376 }
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377
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378
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379 void luaH_free (lua_State *L, Table *t) {
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380 if (!isdummy(t->node))
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381 luaM_freearray(L, t->node, cast(size_t, sizenode(t)));
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382 luaM_freearray(L, t->array, t->sizearray);
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383 luaM_free(L, t);
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384 }
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385
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386
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387 static Node *getfreepos (Table *t) {
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388 while (t->lastfree > t->node) {
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389 t->lastfree--;
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390 if (ttisnil(gkey(t->lastfree)))
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391 return t->lastfree;
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392 }
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393 return NULL; /* could not find a free place */
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394 }
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395
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396
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397
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398 /*
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399 ** inserts a new key into a hash table; first, check whether key's main
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400 ** position is free. If not, check whether colliding node is in its main
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401 ** position or not: if it is not, move colliding node to an empty place and
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402 ** put new key in its main position; otherwise (colliding node is in its main
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403 ** position), new key goes to an empty position.
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404 */
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405 TValue *luaH_newkey (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key) {
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406 Node *mp;
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407 if (ttisnil(key)) luaG_runerror(L, "table index is nil");
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408 else if (ttisnumber(key) && luai_numisnan(L, nvalue(key)))
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409 luaG_runerror(L, "table index is NaN");
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410 mp = mainposition(t, key);
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411 if (!ttisnil(gval(mp)) || isdummy(mp)) { /* main position is taken? */
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412 Node *othern;
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413 Node *n = getfreepos(t); /* get a free place */
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414 if (n == NULL) { /* cannot find a free place? */
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415 rehash(L, t, key); /* grow table */
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416 /* whatever called 'newkey' take care of TM cache and GC barrier */
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417 return luaH_set(L, t, key); /* insert key into grown table */
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418 }
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419 lua_assert(!isdummy(n));
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420 othern = mainposition(t, gkey(mp));
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421 if (othern != mp) { /* is colliding node out of its main position? */
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422 /* yes; move colliding node into free position */
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423 while (gnext(othern) != mp) othern = gnext(othern); /* find previous */
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424 gnext(othern) = n; /* redo the chain with `n' in place of `mp' */
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425 *n = *mp; /* copy colliding node into free pos. (mp->next also goes) */
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426 gnext(mp) = NULL; /* now `mp' is free */
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427 setnilvalue(gval(mp));
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428 }
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429 else { /* colliding node is in its own main position */
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430 /* new node will go into free position */
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431 gnext(n) = gnext(mp); /* chain new position */
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432 gnext(mp) = n;
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433 mp = n;
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434 }
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435 }
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436 setobj2t(L, gkey(mp), key);
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437 luaC_barrierback(L, obj2gco(t), key);
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438 lua_assert(ttisnil(gval(mp)));
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439 return gval(mp);
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440 }
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441
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442
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443 /*
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444 ** search function for integers
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445 */
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446 const TValue *luaH_getint (Table *t, int key) {
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447 /* (1 <= key && key <= t->sizearray) */
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448 if (cast(unsigned int, key-1) < cast(unsigned int, t->sizearray))
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449 return &t->array[key-1];
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450 else {
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451 lua_Number nk = cast_num(key);
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452 Node *n = hashnum(t, nk);
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453 do { /* check whether `key' is somewhere in the chain */
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454 if (ttisnumber(gkey(n)) && luai_numeq(nvalue(gkey(n)), nk))
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|
455 return gval(n); /* that's it */
|
|
456 else n = gnext(n);
|
|
457 } while (n);
|
|
458 return luaO_nilobject;
|
|
459 }
|
|
460 }
|
|
461
|
|
462
|
|
463 /*
|
|
464 ** search function for short strings
|
|
465 */
|
|
466 const TValue *luaH_getstr (Table *t, TString *key) {
|
|
467 Node *n = hashstr(t, key);
|
|
468 lua_assert(key->tsv.tt == LUA_TSHRSTR);
|
|
469 do { /* check whether `key' is somewhere in the chain */
|
|
470 if (ttisshrstring(gkey(n)) && eqshrstr(rawtsvalue(gkey(n)), key))
|
|
471 return gval(n); /* that's it */
|
|
472 else n = gnext(n);
|
|
473 } while (n);
|
|
474 return luaO_nilobject;
|
|
475 }
|
|
476
|
|
477
|
|
478 /*
|
|
479 ** main search function
|
|
480 */
|
|
481 const TValue *luaH_get (Table *t, const TValue *key) {
|
|
482 switch (ttype(key)) {
|
|
483 case LUA_TSHRSTR: return luaH_getstr(t, rawtsvalue(key));
|
|
484 case LUA_TNIL: return luaO_nilobject;
|
|
485 case LUA_TNUMBER: {
|
|
486 int k;
|
|
487 lua_Number n = nvalue(key);
|
|
488 lua_number2int(k, n);
|
|
489 if (luai_numeq(cast_num(k), n)) /* index is int? */
|
|
490 return luaH_getint(t, k); /* use specialized version */
|
|
491 /* else go through */
|
|
492 }
|
|
493 default: {
|
|
494 Node *n = mainposition(t, key);
|
|
495 do { /* check whether `key' is somewhere in the chain */
|
|
496 if (luaV_rawequalobj(gkey(n), key))
|
|
497 return gval(n); /* that's it */
|
|
498 else n = gnext(n);
|
|
499 } while (n);
|
|
500 return luaO_nilobject;
|
|
501 }
|
|
502 }
|
|
503 }
|
|
504
|
|
505
|
|
506 /*
|
|
507 ** beware: when using this function you probably need to check a GC
|
|
508 ** barrier and invalidate the TM cache.
|
|
509 */
|
|
510 TValue *luaH_set (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key) {
|
|
511 const TValue *p = luaH_get(t, key);
|
|
512 if (p != luaO_nilobject)
|
|
513 return cast(TValue *, p);
|
|
514 else return luaH_newkey(L, t, key);
|
|
515 }
|
|
516
|
|
517
|
|
518 void luaH_setint (lua_State *L, Table *t, int key, TValue *value) {
|
|
519 const TValue *p = luaH_getint(t, key);
|
|
520 TValue *cell;
|
|
521 if (p != luaO_nilobject)
|
|
522 cell = cast(TValue *, p);
|
|
523 else {
|
|
524 TValue k;
|
|
525 setnvalue(&k, cast_num(key));
|
|
526 cell = luaH_newkey(L, t, &k);
|
|
527 }
|
|
528 setobj2t(L, cell, value);
|
|
529 }
|
|
530
|
|
531
|
|
532 static int unbound_search (Table *t, unsigned int j) {
|
|
533 unsigned int i = j; /* i is zero or a present index */
|
|
534 j++;
|
|
535 /* find `i' and `j' such that i is present and j is not */
|
|
536 while (!ttisnil(luaH_getint(t, j))) {
|
|
537 i = j;
|
|
538 j *= 2;
|
|
539 if (j > cast(unsigned int, MAX_INT)) { /* overflow? */
|
|
540 /* table was built with bad purposes: resort to linear search */
|
|
541 i = 1;
|
|
542 while (!ttisnil(luaH_getint(t, i))) i++;
|
|
543 return i - 1;
|
|
544 }
|
|
545 }
|
|
546 /* now do a binary search between them */
|
|
547 while (j - i > 1) {
|
|
548 unsigned int m = (i+j)/2;
|
|
549 if (ttisnil(luaH_getint(t, m))) j = m;
|
|
550 else i = m;
|
|
551 }
|
|
552 return i;
|
|
553 }
|
|
554
|
|
555
|
|
556 /*
|
|
557 ** Try to find a boundary in table `t'. A `boundary' is an integer index
|
|
558 ** such that t[i] is non-nil and t[i+1] is nil (and 0 if t[1] is nil).
|
|
559 */
|
|
560 int luaH_getn (Table *t) {
|
|
561 unsigned int j = t->sizearray;
|
|
562 if (j > 0 && ttisnil(&t->array[j - 1])) {
|
|
563 /* there is a boundary in the array part: (binary) search for it */
|
|
564 unsigned int i = 0;
|
|
565 while (j - i > 1) {
|
|
566 unsigned int m = (i+j)/2;
|
|
567 if (ttisnil(&t->array[m - 1])) j = m;
|
|
568 else i = m;
|
|
569 }
|
|
570 return i;
|
|
571 }
|
|
572 /* else must find a boundary in hash part */
|
|
573 else if (isdummy(t->node)) /* hash part is empty? */
|
|
574 return j; /* that is easy... */
|
|
575 else return unbound_search(t, j);
|
|
576 }
|
|
577
|
|
578
|
|
579
|
|
580 #if defined(LUA_DEBUG)
|
|
581
|
|
582 Node *luaH_mainposition (const Table *t, const TValue *key) {
|
|
583 return mainposition(t, key);
|
|
584 }
|
|
585
|
|
586 int luaH_isdummy (Node *n) { return isdummy(n); }
|
|
587
|
|
588 #endif
|