Mercurial > luasocket
annotate doc/url.html @ 4:f0a27ccb1193 tip
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author | Eric Wing <ewing . public |-at-| gmail . com> |
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date | Sat, 30 Aug 2008 08:46:39 -0700 |
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" |
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2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> |
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3 <html> |
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4 |
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5 <head> |
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6 <meta name="description" content="LuaSocket: URL manipulation"> |
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7 <meta name="keywords" content="Lua, LuaSocket, URL, Library, Link, Network, Support"> |
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8 <title>LuaSocket: URL support</title> |
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9 <link rel="stylesheet" href="reference.css" type="text/css"> |
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10 </head> |
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11 |
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12 <body> |
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13 |
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14 <!-- header +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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15 |
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16 <div class=header> |
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17 <hr> |
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18 <center> |
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19 <table summary="LuaSocket logo"> |
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20 <tr><td align=center><a href="http://www.lua.org"> |
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21 <img width=128 height=128 border=0 alt="LuaSocket" src="luasocket.png"> |
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22 </a></td></tr> |
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23 <tr><td align=center valign=top>Network support for the Lua language |
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24 </td></tr> |
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25 </table> |
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26 <p class=bar> |
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27 <a href="home.html">home</a> · |
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28 <a href="home.html#download">download</a> · |
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29 <a href="installation.html">installation</a> · |
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30 <a href="introduction.html">introduction</a> · |
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31 <a href="reference.html">reference</a> |
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32 </p> |
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33 </center> |
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34 <hr> |
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35 </div> |
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36 |
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37 <!-- url ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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38 |
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39 <h2 id=url>URL</h2> |
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40 |
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41 <p> |
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42 The <tt>url</tt> namespace provides functions to parse, protect, |
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43 and build URLs, as well as functions to compose absolute URLs |
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44 from base and relative URLs, according to |
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45 <a href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~diego/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC |
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46 2396</a>. |
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47 </p> |
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48 |
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49 <p> |
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50 To obtain the <tt>url</tt> namespace, run: |
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51 </p> |
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52 |
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53 <pre class=example> |
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54 -- loads the URL module |
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55 local url = require("socket.url") |
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56 </pre> |
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57 |
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58 <p> |
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59 An URL is defined by the following grammar: |
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60 </p> |
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61 |
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62 <blockquote> |
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63 <tt> |
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64 <url> ::= [<scheme>:][//<authority>][/<path>][;<params>][?<query>][#<fragment>]<br> |
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65 <authority> ::= [<userinfo>@]<host>[:<port>]<br> |
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66 <userinfo> ::= <user>[:<password>]<br> |
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67 <path> ::= {<segment>/}<segment><br> |
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68 </tt> |
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69 </blockquote> |
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70 |
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71 <!-- absolute +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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72 |
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73 <p class=name id=absolute> |
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74 url.<b>absolute(</b>base, relative<b>)</b> |
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75 </p> |
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76 |
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77 <p class=description> |
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78 Builds an absolute URL from a base URL and a relative URL. |
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79 </p> |
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80 |
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81 <p class=parameters> |
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82 <tt>Base</tt> is a string with the base URL or |
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83 a parsed URL table. <tt>Relative</tt> is a |
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84 string with the relative URL. |
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85 </p> |
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86 |
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87 <p class=return> |
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88 The function returns a string with the absolute URL. |
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89 </p> |
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90 |
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91 <p class=note> |
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92 Note: The rules that |
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93 govern the composition are fairly complex, and are described in detail in |
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94 <a href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~diego/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a>. |
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95 The example bellow should give an idea of what the rules are. |
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96 </p> |
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97 |
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98 <pre class=example> |
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99 http://a/b/c/d;p?q |
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100 |
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101 + |
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102 |
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103 g:h = g:h |
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104 g = http://a/b/c/g |
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105 ./g = http://a/b/c/g |
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106 g/ = http://a/b/c/g/ |
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107 /g = http://a/g |
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108 //g = http://g |
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109 ?y = http://a/b/c/?y |
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110 g?y = http://a/b/c/g?y |
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111 #s = http://a/b/c/d;p?q#s |
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112 g#s = http://a/b/c/g#s |
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113 g?y#s = http://a/b/c/g?y#s |
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114 ;x = http://a/b/c/;x |
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115 g;x = http://a/b/c/g;x |
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116 g;x?y#s = http://a/b/c/g;x?y#s |
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117 . = http://a/b/c/ |
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118 ./ = http://a/b/c/ |
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119 .. = http://a/b/ |
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120 ../ = http://a/b/ |
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121 ../g = http://a/b/g |
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122 ../.. = http://a/ |
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123 ../../ = http://a/ |
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124 ../../g = http://a/g |
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125 </pre> |
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126 |
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127 <!-- build ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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128 |
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129 <p class=name id=build> |
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130 url.<b>build(</b>parsed_url<b>)</b> |
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131 </p> |
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132 |
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133 <p class=description> |
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134 Rebuilds an URL from its parts. |
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135 </p> |
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136 |
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137 <p class=parameters> |
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138 <tt>Parsed_url</tt> is a table with same components returned by |
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139 <a href="#parse"><tt>parse</tt></a>. |
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140 Lower level components, if specified, |
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141 take precedence over high level components of the URL grammar. |
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142 </p> |
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143 |
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144 <p class=return> |
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145 The function returns a string with the built URL. |
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146 </p> |
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147 |
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148 <!-- build_path +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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149 |
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150 <p class=name id=build_path> |
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151 url.<b>build_path(</b>segments, unsafe<b>)</b> |
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152 </p> |
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153 |
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154 <p class=description> |
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155 Builds a <tt><path></tt> component from a list of |
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156 <tt><segment></tt> parts. |
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157 Before composition, any reserved characters found in a segment are escaped into |
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158 their protected form, so that the resulting path is a valid URL path |
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159 component. |
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160 </p> |
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161 |
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162 <p class=parameters> |
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163 <tt>Segments</tt> is a list of strings with the <tt><segment></tt> |
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164 parts. If <tt>unsafe</tt> is anything but <b><tt>nil</tt></b>, reserved |
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165 characters are left untouched. |
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166 </p> |
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167 |
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168 <p class=return> |
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169 The function returns a string with the |
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170 built <tt><path></tt> component. |
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171 </p> |
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172 |
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173 <!-- escape +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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174 |
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175 <p class=name id="escape"> |
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176 url.<b>escape(</b>content<b>)</b> |
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177 </p> |
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178 |
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179 <p class=description> |
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180 Applies the URL escaping content coding to a string |
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181 Each byte is encoded as a percent character followed |
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182 by the two byte hexadecimal representation of its integer |
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183 value. |
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184 </p> |
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185 |
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186 <p class=parameters> |
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187 <tt>Content</tt> is the string to be encoded. |
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188 </p> |
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189 |
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190 <p class=result> |
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191 The function returns the encoded string. |
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192 </p> |
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193 |
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194 <pre class=example> |
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195 -- load url module |
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196 url = require("socket.url") |
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197 |
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198 code = url.escape("/#?;") |
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199 -- code = "%2f%23%3f%3b" |
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200 </pre> |
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201 |
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202 <!-- parse ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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203 |
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204 <p class=name id=parse> |
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205 url.<b>parse(</b>url, default<b>)</b> |
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206 </p> |
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207 |
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208 <p class=description> |
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209 Parses an URL given as a string into a Lua table with its components. |
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210 </p> |
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211 |
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212 <p class=parameters> |
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213 <tt>Url</tt> is the URL to be parsed. If the <tt>default</tt> table is |
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214 present, it is used to store the parsed fields. Only fields present in the |
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215 URL are overwritten. Therefore, this table can be used to pass default |
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216 values for each field. |
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217 </p> |
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218 |
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219 <p class=return> |
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220 The function returns a table with all the URL components: |
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221 </p> |
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222 |
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223 <blockquote><tt> |
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224 parsed_url = {<br> |
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225 url = <i>string</i>,<br> |
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226 scheme = <i>string</i>,<br> |
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227 authority = <i>string</i>,<br> |
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228 path = <i>string</i>,<br> |
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229 params = <i>string</i>,<br> |
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230 query = <i>string</i>,<br> |
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231 fragment = <i>string</i>,<br> |
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232 userinfo = <i>string</i>,<br> |
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233 host = <i>string</i>,<br> |
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234 port = <i>string</i>,<br> |
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235 user = <i>string</i>,<br> |
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236 password = <i>string</i><br> |
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237 } |
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238 </tt></blockquote> |
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239 |
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240 <pre class=example> |
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241 -- load url module |
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242 url = require("socket.url") |
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243 |
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244 parsed_url = url.parse("http://www.example.com/cgilua/index.lua?a=2#there") |
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245 -- parsed_url = { |
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246 -- scheme = "http", |
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247 -- authority = "www.example.com", |
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248 -- path = "/cgilua/index.lua" |
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249 -- query = "a=2", |
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250 -- fragment = "there", |
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251 -- host = "www.puc-rio.br", |
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252 -- } |
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253 |
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254 parsed_url = url.parse("ftp://root:passwd@unsafe.org/pub/virus.exe;type=i") |
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255 -- parsed_url = { |
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256 -- scheme = "ftp", |
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257 -- authority = "root:passwd@unsafe.org", |
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258 -- path = "/pub/virus.exe", |
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259 -- params = "type=i", |
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260 -- userinfo = "root:passwd", |
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261 -- host = "unsafe.org", |
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262 -- user = "root", |
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263 -- password = "passwd", |
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264 -- } |
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265 </pre> |
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266 |
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267 <!-- parse_path +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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268 |
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269 <p class=name id=parse_path> |
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270 url.<b>parse_path(</b>path<b>)</b> |
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271 </p> |
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272 |
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273 <p class=description> |
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274 Breaks a <tt><path></tt> URL component into all its |
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275 <tt><segment></tt> parts. |
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276 </p> |
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277 |
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278 <p class=description> |
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279 <tt>Path</tt> is a string with the path to be parsed. |
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280 </p> |
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281 |
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282 <p class=return> |
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283 Since some characters are reserved in URLs, they must be escaped |
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284 whenever present in a <tt><path></tt> component. Therefore, before |
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285 returning a list with all the parsed segments, the function removes |
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286 escaping from all of them. |
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287 </p> |
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288 |
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289 <!-- unescape +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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290 |
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291 <p class=name id="unescape"> |
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292 url.<b>unescape(</b>content<b>)</b> |
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293 </p> |
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294 |
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295 <p class=description> |
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296 Removes the URL escaping content coding from a string. |
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297 </p> |
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298 |
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299 <p class=parameters> |
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300 <tt>Content</tt> is the string to be decoded. |
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301 </p> |
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302 |
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303 <p class=return> |
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304 The function returns the decoded string. |
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305 </p> |
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306 |
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307 <!-- footer +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ --> |
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308 |
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309 <div class=footer> |
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310 <hr> |
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311 <center> |
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312 <p class=bar> |
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313 <a href="home.html">home</a> · |
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314 <a href="home.html#down">download</a> · |
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315 <a href="installation.html">installation</a> · |
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316 <a href="introduction.html">introduction</a> · |
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317 <a href="reference.html">reference</a> |
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318 </p> |
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319 <p> |
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320 <small> |
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321 Last modified by Diego Nehab on <br> |
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322 Thu Apr 20 00:26:05 EDT 2006 |
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323 </small> |
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324 </p> |
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325 </center> |
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326 </div> |
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327 |
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328 </body> |
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329 </html> |