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annotate doc/url.html @ 1:cf0892e34f45

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Resyncing with Git repo
author Eric Wing <ewing . public |-at-| gmail . com>
date Wed, 27 Aug 2008 22:44:22 -0700
parents 4b915342e2a8
children
rev   line source
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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
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2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
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3 <html>
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4
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5 <head>
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6 <meta name="description" content="LuaSocket: URL manipulation">
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7 <meta name="keywords" content="Lua, LuaSocket, URL, Library, Link, Network, Support">
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8 <title>LuaSocket: URL support</title>
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9 <link rel="stylesheet" href="reference.css" type="text/css">
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10 </head>
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11
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12 <body>
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13
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14 <!-- header +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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15
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16 <div class=header>
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17 <hr>
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18 <center>
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19 <table summary="LuaSocket logo">
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20 <tr><td align=center><a href="http://www.lua.org">
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21 <img width=128 height=128 border=0 alt="LuaSocket" src="luasocket.png">
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22 </a></td></tr>
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23 <tr><td align=center valign=top>Network support for the Lua language
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24 </td></tr>
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25 </table>
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26 <p class=bar>
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27 <a href="home.html">home</a> &middot;
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28 <a href="home.html#download">download</a> &middot;
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29 <a href="installation.html">installation</a> &middot;
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30 <a href="introduction.html">introduction</a> &middot;
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31 <a href="reference.html">reference</a>
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32 </p>
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33 </center>
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34 <hr>
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35 </div>
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36
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37 <!-- url ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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38
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39 <h2 id=url>URL</h2>
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40
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41 <p>
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42 The <tt>url</tt> namespace provides functions to parse, protect,
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43 and build URLs, as well as functions to compose absolute URLs
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44 from base and relative URLs, according to
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45 <a href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~diego/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC
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46 2396</a>.
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47 </p>
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48
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49 <p>
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50 To obtain the <tt>url</tt> namespace, run:
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51 </p>
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52
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53 <pre class=example>
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54 -- loads the URL module
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55 local url = require("socket.url")
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56 </pre>
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57
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58 <p>
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59 An URL is defined by the following grammar:
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60 </p>
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61
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62 <blockquote>
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63 <tt>
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64 &lt;url&gt; ::= [&lt;scheme&gt;:][//&lt;authority&gt;][/&lt;path&gt;][;&lt;params&gt;][?&lt;query&gt;][#&lt;fragment&gt;]<br>
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65 &lt;authority&gt; ::= [&lt;userinfo&gt;@]&lt;host&gt;[:&lt;port&gt;]<br>
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66 &lt;userinfo&gt; ::= &lt;user&gt;[:&lt;password&gt;]<br>
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67 &lt;path&gt; ::= {&lt;segment&gt;/}&lt;segment&gt;<br>
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68 </tt>
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69 </blockquote>
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70
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71 <!-- absolute +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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72
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73 <p class=name id=absolute>
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74 url.<b>absolute(</b>base, relative<b>)</b>
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75 </p>
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76
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77 <p class=description>
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78 Builds an absolute URL from a base URL and a relative URL.
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79 </p>
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80
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81 <p class=parameters>
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82 <tt>Base</tt> is a string with the base URL or
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83 a parsed URL table. <tt>Relative</tt> is a
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84 string with the relative URL.
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85 </p>
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86
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87 <p class=return>
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88 The function returns a string with the absolute URL.
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89 </p>
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90
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91 <p class=note>
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92 Note: The rules that
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93 govern the composition are fairly complex, and are described in detail in
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94 <a href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~diego/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a>.
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95 The example bellow should give an idea of what the rules are.
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96 </p>
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97
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98 <pre class=example>
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99 http://a/b/c/d;p?q
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100
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101 +
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102
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103 g:h = g:h
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104 g = http://a/b/c/g
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105 ./g = http://a/b/c/g
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106 g/ = http://a/b/c/g/
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107 /g = http://a/g
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108 //g = http://g
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109 ?y = http://a/b/c/?y
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110 g?y = http://a/b/c/g?y
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111 #s = http://a/b/c/d;p?q#s
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112 g#s = http://a/b/c/g#s
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113 g?y#s = http://a/b/c/g?y#s
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114 ;x = http://a/b/c/;x
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115 g;x = http://a/b/c/g;x
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116 g;x?y#s = http://a/b/c/g;x?y#s
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117 . = http://a/b/c/
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118 ./ = http://a/b/c/
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119 .. = http://a/b/
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120 ../ = http://a/b/
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121 ../g = http://a/b/g
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122 ../.. = http://a/
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123 ../../ = http://a/
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124 ../../g = http://a/g
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125 </pre>
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126
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127 <!-- build ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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128
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129 <p class=name id=build>
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130 url.<b>build(</b>parsed_url<b>)</b>
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131 </p>
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132
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133 <p class=description>
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134 Rebuilds an URL from its parts.
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135 </p>
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136
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137 <p class=parameters>
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138 <tt>Parsed_url</tt> is a table with same components returned by
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139 <a href="#parse"><tt>parse</tt></a>.
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140 Lower level components, if specified,
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141 take precedence over high level components of the URL grammar.
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142 </p>
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143
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144 <p class=return>
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145 The function returns a string with the built URL.
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146 </p>
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147
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148 <!-- build_path +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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149
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150 <p class=name id=build_path>
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151 url.<b>build_path(</b>segments, unsafe<b>)</b>
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152 </p>
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153
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154 <p class=description>
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155 Builds a <tt>&lt;path&gt;</tt> component from a list of
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156 <tt>&lt;segment&gt;</tt> parts.
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157 Before composition, any reserved characters found in a segment are escaped into
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158 their protected form, so that the resulting path is a valid URL path
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159 component.
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160 </p>
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161
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162 <p class=parameters>
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163 <tt>Segments</tt> is a list of strings with the <tt>&lt;segment&gt;</tt>
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164 parts. If <tt>unsafe</tt> is anything but <b><tt>nil</tt></b>, reserved
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165 characters are left untouched.
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166 </p>
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167
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168 <p class=return>
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169 The function returns a string with the
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170 built <tt>&lt;path&gt;</tt> component.
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171 </p>
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172
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173 <!-- escape +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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174
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175 <p class=name id="escape">
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176 url.<b>escape(</b>content<b>)</b>
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177 </p>
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178
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179 <p class=description>
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180 Applies the URL escaping content coding to a string
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181 Each byte is encoded as a percent character followed
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182 by the two byte hexadecimal representation of its integer
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183 value.
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184 </p>
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185
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186 <p class=parameters>
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187 <tt>Content</tt> is the string to be encoded.
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188 </p>
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189
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190 <p class=result>
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191 The function returns the encoded string.
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192 </p>
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193
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194 <pre class=example>
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195 -- load url module
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196 url = require("socket.url")
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197
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198 code = url.escape("/#?;")
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199 -- code = "%2f%23%3f%3b"
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200 </pre>
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201
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202 <!-- parse ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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203
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204 <p class=name id=parse>
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205 url.<b>parse(</b>url, default<b>)</b>
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206 </p>
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207
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208 <p class=description>
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209 Parses an URL given as a string into a Lua table with its components.
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210 </p>
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211
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212 <p class=parameters>
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213 <tt>Url</tt> is the URL to be parsed. If the <tt>default</tt> table is
4b915342e2a8 LuaSocket 2.0.2 + CMake build description.
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214 present, it is used to store the parsed fields. Only fields present in the
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215 URL are overwritten. Therefore, this table can be used to pass default
4b915342e2a8 LuaSocket 2.0.2 + CMake build description.
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216 values for each field.
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217 </p>
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218
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219 <p class=return>
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220 The function returns a table with all the URL components:
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221 </p>
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222
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223 <blockquote><tt>
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224 parsed_url = {<br>
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225 &nbsp;&nbsp;url = <i>string</i>,<br>
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226 &nbsp;&nbsp;scheme = <i>string</i>,<br>
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227 &nbsp;&nbsp;authority = <i>string</i>,<br>
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228 &nbsp;&nbsp;path = <i>string</i>,<br>
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229 &nbsp;&nbsp;params = <i>string</i>,<br>
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230 &nbsp;&nbsp;query = <i>string</i>,<br>
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231 &nbsp;&nbsp;fragment = <i>string</i>,<br>
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232 &nbsp;&nbsp;userinfo = <i>string</i>,<br>
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233 &nbsp;&nbsp;host = <i>string</i>,<br>
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234 &nbsp;&nbsp;port = <i>string</i>,<br>
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235 &nbsp;&nbsp;user = <i>string</i>,<br>
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236 &nbsp;&nbsp;password = <i>string</i><br>
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237 }
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238 </tt></blockquote>
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239
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240 <pre class=example>
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241 -- load url module
4b915342e2a8 LuaSocket 2.0.2 + CMake build description.
Eric Wing <ewing . public |-at-| gmail . com>
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242 url = require("socket.url")
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243
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244 parsed_url = url.parse("http://www.example.com/cgilua/index.lua?a=2#there")
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245 -- parsed_url = {
4b915342e2a8 LuaSocket 2.0.2 + CMake build description.
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246 -- scheme = "http",
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247 -- authority = "www.example.com",
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248 -- path = "/cgilua/index.lua"
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249 -- query = "a=2",
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250 -- fragment = "there",
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Eric Wing <ewing . public |-at-| gmail . com>
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251 -- host = "www.puc-rio.br",
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252 -- }
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253
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254 parsed_url = url.parse("ftp://root:passwd@unsafe.org/pub/virus.exe;type=i")
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255 -- parsed_url = {
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256 -- scheme = "ftp",
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257 -- authority = "root:passwd@unsafe.org",
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258 -- path = "/pub/virus.exe",
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259 -- params = "type=i",
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260 -- userinfo = "root:passwd",
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261 -- host = "unsafe.org",
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262 -- user = "root",
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263 -- password = "passwd",
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264 -- }
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265 </pre>
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266
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267 <!-- parse_path +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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268
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269 <p class=name id=parse_path>
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270 url.<b>parse_path(</b>path<b>)</b>
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271 </p>
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272
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273 <p class=description>
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274 Breaks a <tt>&lt;path&gt;</tt> URL component into all its
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275 <tt>&lt;segment&gt;</tt> parts.
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276 </p>
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277
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278 <p class=description>
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279 <tt>Path</tt> is a string with the path to be parsed.
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280 </p>
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281
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282 <p class=return>
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283 Since some characters are reserved in URLs, they must be escaped
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284 whenever present in a <tt>&lt;path&gt;</tt> component. Therefore, before
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285 returning a list with all the parsed segments, the function removes
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286 escaping from all of them.
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287 </p>
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288
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289 <!-- unescape +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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290
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291 <p class=name id="unescape">
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292 url.<b>unescape(</b>content<b>)</b>
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293 </p>
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294
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295 <p class=description>
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296 Removes the URL escaping content coding from a string.
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297 </p>
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298
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299 <p class=parameters>
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300 <tt>Content</tt> is the string to be decoded.
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301 </p>
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302
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303 <p class=return>
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304 The function returns the decoded string.
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305 </p>
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306
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307 <!-- footer +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ -->
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308
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309 <div class=footer>
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310 <hr>
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311 <center>
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312 <p class=bar>
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313 <a href="home.html">home</a> &middot;
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314 <a href="home.html#down">download</a> &middot;
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315 <a href="installation.html">installation</a> &middot;
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316 <a href="introduction.html">introduction</a> &middot;
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317 <a href="reference.html">reference</a>
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318 </p>
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319 <p>
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320 <small>
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321 Last modified by Diego Nehab on <br>
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322 Thu Apr 20 00:26:05 EDT 2006
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323 </small>
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324 </p>
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325 </center>
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326 </div>
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327
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328 </body>
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329 </html>