121
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1 # help.py - help data for mercurial
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2 #
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3 # Copyright 2006 Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
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4 #
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5 # This software may be used and distributed according to the terms of the
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6 # GNU General Public License version 2, incorporated herein by reference.
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7
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8 from i18n import _
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9 import extensions, util
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10
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11
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12 def moduledoc(file):
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13 '''return the top-level python documentation for the given file
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14
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15 Loosely inspired by pydoc.source_synopsis(), but rewritten to handle \'''
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16 as well as """ and to return the whole text instead of just the synopsis'''
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17 result = []
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18
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19 line = file.readline()
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20 while line[:1] == '#' or not line.strip():
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21 line = file.readline()
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22 if not line: break
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23
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24 start = line[:3]
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25 if start == '"""' or start == "'''":
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26 line = line[3:]
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27 while line:
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28 if line.rstrip().endswith(start):
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29 line = line.split(start)[0]
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30 if line:
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31 result.append(line)
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32 break
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33 elif not line:
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34 return None # unmatched delimiter
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35 result.append(line)
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36 line = file.readline()
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37 else:
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38 return None
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39
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40 return ''.join(result)
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41
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42 def listexts(header, exts, maxlength):
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43 '''return a text listing of the given extensions'''
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44 if not exts:
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45 return ''
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46 result = '\n%s\n\n' % header
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47 for name, desc in sorted(exts.iteritems()):
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48 desc = util.wrap(desc, maxlength + 4)
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49 result += ' %s %s\n' % (name.ljust(maxlength), desc)
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50 return result
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51
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52 def extshelp():
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53 doc = _(r'''
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54 Mercurial has the ability to add new features through the use of
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55 extensions. Extensions may add new commands, add options to
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56 existing commands, change the default behavior of commands, or
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57 implement hooks.
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58
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59 Extensions are not loaded by default for a variety of reasons:
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60 they can increase startup overhead; they may be meant for
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61 advanced usage only; they may provide potentially dangerous
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62 abilities (such as letting you destroy or modify history); they
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63 might not be ready for prime time; or they may alter some
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64 usual behaviors of stock Mercurial. It is thus up to the user to
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65 activate extensions as needed.
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66
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67 To enable the "foo" extension, either shipped with Mercurial
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68 or in the Python search path, create an entry for it in your
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69 hgrc, like this:
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70
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71 [extensions]
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72 foo =
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73
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74 You may also specify the full path to an extension:
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75
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76 [extensions]
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77 myfeature = ~/.hgext/myfeature.py
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78
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79 To explicitly disable an extension enabled in an hgrc of broader
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80 scope, prepend its path with !:
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81
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82 [extensions]
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83 # disabling extension bar residing in /path/to/extension/bar.py
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84 hgext.bar = !/path/to/extension/bar.py
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85 # ditto, but no path was supplied for extension baz
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86 hgext.baz = !
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87 ''')
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88
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89 exts, maxlength = extensions.enabled()
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90 doc += listexts(_('enabled extensions:'), exts, maxlength)
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91
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92 exts, maxlength = extensions.disabled()
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93 doc += listexts(_('disabled extensions:'), exts, maxlength)
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94
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95 return doc
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96
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97 helptable = (
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98 (["dates"], _("Date Formats"),
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99 _(r'''
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100 Some commands allow the user to specify a date, e.g.:
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101 * backout, commit, import, tag: Specify the commit date.
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102 * log, revert, update: Select revision(s) by date.
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103
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104 Many date formats are valid. Here are some examples:
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105
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106 "Wed Dec 6 13:18:29 2006" (local timezone assumed)
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107 "Dec 6 13:18 -0600" (year assumed, time offset provided)
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108 "Dec 6 13:18 UTC" (UTC and GMT are aliases for +0000)
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109 "Dec 6" (midnight)
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110 "13:18" (today assumed)
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111 "3:39" (3:39AM assumed)
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112 "3:39pm" (15:39)
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113 "2006-12-06 13:18:29" (ISO 8601 format)
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114 "2006-12-6 13:18"
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115 "2006-12-6"
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116 "12-6"
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117 "12/6"
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118 "12/6/6" (Dec 6 2006)
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119
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120 Lastly, there is Mercurial's internal format:
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121
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122 "1165432709 0" (Wed Dec 6 13:18:29 2006 UTC)
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123
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124 This is the internal representation format for dates. unixtime is
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125 the number of seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01 00:00 UTC).
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126 offset is the offset of the local timezone, in seconds west of UTC
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127 (negative if the timezone is east of UTC).
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128
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129 The log command also accepts date ranges:
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130
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131 "<{datetime}" - at or before a given date/time
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132 ">{datetime}" - on or after a given date/time
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133 "{datetime} to {datetime}" - a date range, inclusive
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134 "-{days}" - within a given number of days of today
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135 ''')),
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136
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137 (["patterns"], _("File Name Patterns"),
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138 _(r'''
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139 Mercurial accepts several notations for identifying one or more
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140 files at a time.
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141
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142 By default, Mercurial treats filenames as shell-style extended
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143 glob patterns.
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144
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145 Alternate pattern notations must be specified explicitly.
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146
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147 To use a plain path name without any pattern matching, start it
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148 with "path:". These path names must completely match starting at
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149 the current repository root.
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150
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151 To use an extended glob, start a name with "glob:". Globs are
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152 rooted at the current directory; a glob such as "*.c" will only
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153 match files in the current directory ending with ".c".
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154
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155 The supported glob syntax extensions are "**" to match any string
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156 across path separators and "{a,b}" to mean "a or b".
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157
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158 To use a Perl/Python regular expression, start a name with "re:".
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159 Regexp pattern matching is anchored at the root of the repository.
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160
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161 Plain examples:
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162
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163 path:foo/bar a name bar in a directory named foo in the root of
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164 the repository
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165 path:path:name a file or directory named "path:name"
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166
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167 Glob examples:
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168
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169 glob:*.c any name ending in ".c" in the current directory
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170 *.c any name ending in ".c" in the current directory
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171 **.c any name ending in ".c" in any subdirectory of the
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172 current directory including itself.
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173 foo/*.c any name ending in ".c" in the directory foo
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174 foo/**.c any name ending in ".c" in any subdirectory of foo
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175 including itself.
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176
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177 Regexp examples:
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178
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179 re:.*\.c$ any name ending in ".c", anywhere in the repository
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180
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181 ''')),
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182
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183 (['environment', 'env'], _('Environment Variables'),
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184 _(r'''
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185 HG::
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186 Path to the 'hg' executable, automatically passed when running
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187 hooks, extensions or external tools. If unset or empty, this is
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188 the hg executable's name if it's frozen, or an executable named
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189 'hg' (with %PATHEXT% [defaulting to COM/EXE/BAT/CMD] extensions on
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190 Windows) is searched.
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191
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192 HGEDITOR::
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193 This is the name of the editor to run when committing. See EDITOR.
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194
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195 (deprecated, use .hgrc)
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196
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197 HGENCODING::
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198 This overrides the default locale setting detected by Mercurial.
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199 This setting is used to convert data including usernames,
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200 changeset descriptions, tag names, and branches. This setting can
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201 be overridden with the --encoding command-line option.
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202
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203 HGENCODINGMODE::
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204 This sets Mercurial's behavior for handling unknown characters
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205 while transcoding user input. The default is "strict", which
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206 causes Mercurial to abort if it can't map a character. Other
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207 settings include "replace", which replaces unknown characters, and
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208 "ignore", which drops them. This setting can be overridden with
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209 the --encodingmode command-line option.
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210
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211 HGMERGE::
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212 An executable to use for resolving merge conflicts. The program
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213 will be executed with three arguments: local file, remote file,
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214 ancestor file.
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215
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216 (deprecated, use .hgrc)
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217
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218 HGRCPATH::
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219 A list of files or directories to search for hgrc files. Item
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220 separator is ":" on Unix, ";" on Windows. If HGRCPATH is not set,
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221 platform default search path is used. If empty, only the .hg/hgrc
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222 from the current repository is read.
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223
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224 For each element in HGRCPATH:
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225 * if it's a directory, all files ending with .rc are added
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226 * otherwise, the file itself will be added
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227
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228 HGUSER::
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229 This is the string used as the author of a commit. If not set,
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230 available values will be considered in this order:
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231
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232 * HGUSER (deprecated)
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233 * hgrc files from the HGRCPATH
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234 * EMAIL
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235 * interactive prompt
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236 * LOGNAME (with '@hostname' appended)
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237
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238 (deprecated, use .hgrc)
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239
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240 EMAIL::
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241 May be used as the author of a commit; see HGUSER.
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242
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243 LOGNAME::
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244 May be used as the author of a commit; see HGUSER.
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245
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246 VISUAL::
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247 This is the name of the editor to use when committing. See EDITOR.
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248
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249 EDITOR::
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250 Sometimes Mercurial needs to open a text file in an editor for a
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251 user to modify, for example when writing commit messages. The
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252 editor it uses is determined by looking at the environment
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253 variables HGEDITOR, VISUAL and EDITOR, in that order. The first
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254 non-empty one is chosen. If all of them are empty, the editor
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255 defaults to 'vi'.
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256
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257 PYTHONPATH::
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258 This is used by Python to find imported modules and may need to be
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259 set appropriately if this Mercurial is not installed system-wide.
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260 ''')),
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261
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262 (['revs', 'revisions'], _('Specifying Single Revisions'),
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263 _(r'''
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264 Mercurial supports several ways to specify individual revisions.
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265
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266 A plain integer is treated as a revision number. Negative integers
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267 are treated as topological offsets from the tip, with -1 denoting
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268 the tip. As such, negative numbers are only useful if you've
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269 memorized your local tree numbers and want to save typing a single
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270 digit. This editor suggests copy and paste.
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271
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272 A 40-digit hexadecimal string is treated as a unique revision
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273 identifier.
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274
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275 A hexadecimal string less than 40 characters long is treated as a
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276 unique revision identifier, and referred to as a short-form
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277 identifier. A short-form identifier is only valid if it is the
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278 prefix of exactly one full-length identifier.
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279
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280 Any other string is treated as a tag name, which is a symbolic
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281 name associated with a revision identifier. Tag names may not
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282 contain the ":" character.
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283
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284 The reserved name "tip" is a special tag that always identifies
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285 the most recent revision.
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286
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287 The reserved name "null" indicates the null revision. This is the
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288 revision of an empty repository, and the parent of revision 0.
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289
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290 The reserved name "." indicates the working directory parent. If
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291 no working directory is checked out, it is equivalent to null. If
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292 an uncommitted merge is in progress, "." is the revision of the
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293 first parent.
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294 ''')),
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295
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296 (['mrevs', 'multirevs'], _('Specifying Multiple Revisions'),
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297 _(r'''
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298 When Mercurial accepts more than one revision, they may be
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299 specified individually, or provided as a topologically continuous
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300 range, separated by the ":" character.
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301
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302 The syntax of range notation is [BEGIN]:[END], where BEGIN and END
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303 are revision identifiers. Both BEGIN and END are optional. If
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304 BEGIN is not specified, it defaults to revision number 0. If END
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305 is not specified, it defaults to the tip. The range ":" thus means
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306 "all revisions".
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307
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308 If BEGIN is greater than END, revisions are treated in reverse
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309 order.
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310
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311 A range acts as a closed interval. This means that a range of 3:5
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312 gives 3, 4 and 5. Similarly, a range of 9:6 gives 9, 8, 7, and 6.
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313 ''')),
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314
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315 (['diffs'], _('Diff Formats'),
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316 _(r'''
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317 Mercurial's default format for showing changes between two
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318 versions of a file is compatible with the unified format of GNU
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319 diff, which can be used by GNU patch and many other standard
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320 tools.
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321
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322 While this standard format is often enough, it does not encode the
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323 following information:
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324
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325 - executable status and other permission bits
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326 - copy or rename information
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327 - changes in binary files
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328 - creation or deletion of empty files
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329
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330 Mercurial also supports the extended diff format from the git VCS
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331 which addresses these limitations. The git diff format is not
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332 produced by default because a few widespread tools still do not
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333 understand this format.
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334
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335 This means that when generating diffs from a Mercurial repository
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336 (e.g. with "hg export"), you should be careful about things like
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337 file copies and renames or other things mentioned above, because
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338 when applying a standard diff to a different repository, this
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339 extra information is lost. Mercurial's internal operations (like
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340 push and pull) are not affected by this, because they use an
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341 internal binary format for communicating changes.
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342
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343 To make Mercurial produce the git extended diff format, use the
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344 --git option available for many commands, or set 'git = True' in
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345 the [diff] section of your hgrc. You do not need to set this
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346 option when importing diffs in this format or using them in the mq
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347 extension.
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348 ''')),
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349 (['templating'], _('Template Usage'),
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350 _(r'''
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351 Mercurial allows you to customize output of commands through
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352 templates. You can either pass in a template from the command
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353 line, via the --template option, or select an existing
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354 template-style (--style).
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355
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356 You can customize output for any "log-like" command: log,
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357 outgoing, incoming, tip, parents, heads and glog.
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358
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359 Three styles are packaged with Mercurial: default (the style used
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360 when no explicit preference is passed), compact and changelog.
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361 Usage:
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362
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363 $ hg log -r1 --style changelog
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364
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365 A template is a piece of text, with markup to invoke variable
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366 expansion:
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367
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368 $ hg log -r1 --template "{node}\n"
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369 b56ce7b07c52de7d5fd79fb89701ea538af65746
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370
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371 Strings in curly braces are called keywords. The availability of
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372 keywords depends on the exact context of the templater. These
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373 keywords are usually available for templating a log-like command:
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374
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375 - author: String. The unmodified author of the changeset.
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376 - branches: String. The name of the branch on which the changeset
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377 was committed. Will be empty if the branch name was default.
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378 - date: Date information. The date when the changeset was committed.
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379 - desc: String. The text of the changeset description.
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380 - diffstat: String. Statistics of changes with the following
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381 format: "modified files: +added/-removed lines"
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382 - files: List of strings. All files modified, added, or removed by
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383 this changeset.
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384 - file_adds: List of strings. Files added by this changeset.
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385 - file_mods: List of strings. Files modified by this changeset.
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386 - file_dels: List of strings. Files removed by this changeset.
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387 - node: String. The changeset identification hash, as a
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388 40-character hexadecimal string.
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389 - parents: List of strings. The parents of the changeset.
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390 - rev: Integer. The repository-local changeset revision number.
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391 - tags: List of strings. Any tags associated with the changeset.
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392
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393 The "date" keyword does not produce human-readable output. If you
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394 want to use a date in your output, you can use a filter to process
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395 it. Filters are functions which return a string based on the input
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396 variable. You can also use a chain of filters to get the desired
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397 output:
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398
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399 $ hg tip --template "{date|isodate}\n"
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400 2008-08-21 18:22 +0000
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401
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402 List of filters:
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403
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404 - addbreaks: Any text. Add an XHTML "<br />" tag before the end of
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405 every line except the last.
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406 - age: Date. Returns a human-readable date/time difference between
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407 the given date/time and the current date/time.
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408 - basename: Any text. Treats the text as a path, and returns the
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409 last component of the path after splitting by the path
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410 separator (ignoring trailing separators). For example,
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411 "foo/bar/baz" becomes "baz" and "foo/bar//" becomes "bar".
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412 - stripdir: Treat the text as path and strip a directory level, if
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413 possible. For example, "foo" and "foo/bar" becomes "foo".
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414 - date: Date. Returns a date in a Unix date format, including
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415 the timezone: "Mon Sep 04 15:13:13 2006 0700".
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416 - domain: Any text. Finds the first string that looks like an
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417 email address, and extracts just the domain component.
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418 Example: 'User <user@example.com>' becomes 'example.com'.
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419 - email: Any text. Extracts the first string that looks like an
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420 email address. Example: 'User <user@example.com>' becomes
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421 'user@example.com'.
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422 - escape: Any text. Replaces the special XML/XHTML characters "&",
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423 "<" and ">" with XML entities.
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424 - fill68: Any text. Wraps the text to fit in 68 columns.
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425 - fill76: Any text. Wraps the text to fit in 76 columns.
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426 - firstline: Any text. Returns the first line of text.
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427 - nonempty: Any text. Returns '(none)' if the string is empty.
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428 - hgdate: Date. Returns the date as a pair of numbers:
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429 "1157407993 25200" (Unix timestamp, timezone offset).
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430 - isodate: Date. Returns the date in ISO 8601 format.
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431 - localdate: Date. Converts a date to local date.
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432 - obfuscate: Any text. Returns the input text rendered as a
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433 sequence of XML entities.
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434 - person: Any text. Returns the text before an email address.
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435 - rfc822date: Date. Returns a date using the same format used
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436 in email headers.
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437 - short: Changeset hash. Returns the short form of a changeset
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438 hash, i.e. a 12-byte hexadecimal string.
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439 - shortdate: Date. Returns a date like "2006-09-18".
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440 - strip: Any text. Strips all leading and trailing whitespace.
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441 - tabindent: Any text. Returns the text, with every line except
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442 the first starting with a tab character.
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443 - urlescape: Any text. Escapes all "special" characters. For
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444 example, "foo bar" becomes "foo%20bar".
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445 - user: Any text. Returns the user portion of an email address.
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446 ''')),
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447
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448 (['urls'], _('URL Paths'),
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449 _(r'''
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450 Valid URLs are of the form:
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451
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452 local/filesystem/path[#revision]
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453 file://local/filesystem/path[#revision]
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454 http://[user[:pass]@]host[:port]/[path][#revision]
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455 https://[user[:pass]@]host[:port]/[path][#revision]
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456 ssh://[user[:pass]@]host[:port]/[path][#revision]
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457
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458 Paths in the local filesystem can either point to Mercurial
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459 repositories or to bundle files (as created by 'hg bundle' or
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460 'hg incoming --bundle').
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461
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462 An optional identifier after # indicates a particular branch, tag,
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463 or changeset to use from the remote repository. See also 'hg help
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464 revisions'.
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465
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466 Some features, such as pushing to http:// and https:// URLs are
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467 only possible if the feature is explicitly enabled on the remote
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468 Mercurial server.
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469
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470 Some notes about using SSH with Mercurial:
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471 - SSH requires an accessible shell account on the destination
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472 machine and a copy of hg in the remote path or specified with as
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473 remotecmd.
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474 - path is relative to the remote user's home directory by default.
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475 Use an extra slash at the start of a path to specify an absolute path:
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476 ssh://example.com//tmp/repository
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477 - Mercurial doesn't use its own compression via SSH; the right
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478 thing to do is to configure it in your ~/.ssh/config, e.g.:
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479 Host *.mylocalnetwork.example.com
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480 Compression no
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481 Host *
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482 Compression yes
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483 Alternatively specify "ssh -C" as your ssh command in your hgrc
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484 or with the --ssh command line option.
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485
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486 These URLs can all be stored in your hgrc with path aliases under
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487 the [paths] section like so:
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488 [paths]
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489 alias1 = URL1
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490 alias2 = URL2
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491 ...
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492
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493 You can then use the alias for any command that uses a URL (for
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494 example 'hg pull alias1' would pull from the 'alias1' path).
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495
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496 Two path aliases are special because they are used as defaults
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497 when you do not provide the URL to a command:
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498
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499 default:
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500 When you create a repository with hg clone, the clone command
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501 saves the location of the source repository as the new
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502 repository's 'default' path. This is then used when you omit
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503 path from push- and pull-like commands (including incoming and
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504 outgoing).
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505
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506 default-push:
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507 The push command will look for a path named 'default-push', and
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508 prefer it over 'default' if both are defined.
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509 ''')),
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510 (["extensions"], _("Using additional features"), extshelp),
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511 )
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