--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/sqlpyPlus.py	Fri Nov 30 13:04:51 2007 -0500
@@ -0,0 +1,749 @@
+"""sqlpyPlus - extra features (inspired by Oracle SQL*Plus) for Luca Canali's sqlpython.py
+
+Features include:
+ - SQL*Plus-style bind variables
+ - Query result stored in special bind variable ":_" if one row, one item
+ - SQL buffer with list, run, ed, get, etc.; unlike SQL*Plus, buffer stores session's full history
+ - @script.sql loads and runs (like SQL*Plus)
+ - ! runs operating-system command
+ - show and set to control sqlpython parameters
+ - SQL*Plus-style describe, spool
+ - write sends query result directly to file
+ - comments shows table and column comments
+ - compare ... to ... graphically compares results of two queries
+ - commands are case-insensitive
+ 
+Use 'help' within sqlpython for details.
+
+Compatible with sqlpython v1.3
+
+Set bind variables the hard (SQL*Plus) way
+exec :b = 3
+or with a python-like shorthand
+:b = 3
+
+- catherinedevlin.blogspot.com  May 31, 2006
+"""
+# note in cmd.cmd about supporting emacs commands?
+
+queries = {
+'resolve': """
+SELECT object_type, object_name, owner FROM (
+	SELECT object_type, object_name, user owner, 1 priority
+	FROM   user_objects
+	WHERE object_name = :objName
+    UNION ALL
+	SELECT ao.object_type, ao.object_name, ao.owner, 2 priority
+	FROM    all_objects ao
+	JOIN      user_synonyms us ON (us.table_owner = ao.owner AND us.table_name = ao.object_name)
+	WHERE us.synonym_name = :objName
+    AND   ao.object_type != 'SYNONYM'
+    UNION ALL
+	SELECT ao.object_type, ao.object_name, ao.owner, 3 priority
+	FROM    all_objects ao
+	JOIN      all_synonyms asyn ON (asyn.table_owner = ao.owner AND asyn.table_name = ao.object_name)
+	WHERE asyn.synonym_name = :objName
+    AND   ao.object_type != 'SYNONYM'
+	AND      asyn.owner = 'PUBLIC'
+) ORDER BY priority ASC""",
+'descTable': """
+ atc.column_name,
+            CASE atc.nullable WHEN 'Y' THEN 'NULL' ELSE 'NOT NULL' END "Null?",
+            atc.data_type ||
+              CASE atc.data_type WHEN 'DATE' THEN ''
+                             ELSE '(' ||
+                               CASE atc.data_type WHEN 'NUMBER' THEN TO_CHAR(atc.data_precision) ||
+                                 CASE atc.data_scale WHEN 0 THEN ''
+                                                 ELSE ',' || TO_CHAR(atc.data_scale) END
+                                              ELSE TO_CHAR(atc.data_length) END 
+                             END ||
+              CASE atc.data_type WHEN 'DATE' THEN '' ELSE ')' END
+              data_type
+FROM all_tab_columns atc
+WHERE atc.table_name = :object_name
+AND      atc.owner = :owner
+ORDER BY atc.column_id;""",
+'PackageObjects':"""
+SELECT DISTINCT object_name
+FROM all_arguments
+WHERE package_name = :package_name
+AND      owner = :owner""",
+'PackageObjArgs':"""
+             object_name,
+	     argument_name,	     
+	     data_type,
+	     in_out,
+	     default_value
+FROM all_arguments
+WHERE package_name = :package_name
+AND      object_name = :object_name
+AND      owner = :owner
+AND      argument_name IS NOT NULL
+ORDER BY sequence""",
+'descProcedure':"""
+	     argument_name,	     
+	     data_type,
+	     in_out,
+	     default_value
+FROM all_arguments
+WHERE object_name = :object_name
+AND      owner = :owner
+AND      package_name IS NULL
+AND      argument_name IS NOT NULL
+ORDER BY sequence;""",
+'tabComments': """
+SELECT comments
+FROM    all_tab_comments
+WHERE owner = :owner
+AND      table_name = :table_name""",
+'colComments': """
+atc.column_name,
+             acc.comments	     
+FROM all_tab_columns atc
+JOIN all_col_comments acc ON (atc.owner = acc.owner and atc.table_name = acc.table_name and atc.column_name = acc.column_name)
+WHERE atc.table_name = :object_name
+AND      atc.owner = :owner
+ORDER BY atc.column_id;""",
+}
+
+import sys, os, re, sqlpython, cx_Oracle, pyparsing
+
+if float(sys.version[:3]) < 2.3:
+    def enumerate(lst):
+        return zip(range(len(lst)), lst)
+    
+class SoftwareSearcher(object):
+    def __init__(self, softwareList, purpose):
+        self.softwareList = softwareList
+        self.purpose = purpose
+        self.software = None
+    def invoke(self, *args):
+        if not self.software:
+            (self.software, self.invokeString) = self.find()            
+        argTuple = tuple([self.software] + list(args))
+        os.system(self.invokeString % argTuple)
+    def find(self):
+        if self.purpose == 'text editor':
+            software = os.environ.get('EDITOR')
+            if software:
+                return (software, '%s %s')
+        for (n, (software, invokeString)) in enumerate(self.softwareList):
+            if os.path.exists(software):
+                if n > (len(self.softwareList) * 0.7):
+                    print """
+    
+    Using %s.  Note that there are better options available for %s,
+    but %s couldn't find a better one in your PATH.
+    Feel free to open up %s
+    and customize it to find your favorite %s program.
+    
+    """ % (software, self.purpose, __file__, __file__, self.purpose)
+                return (software, invokeString)
+            stem = os.path.split(software)[1]
+            for p in os.environ['PATH'].split(os.pathsep):
+                if os.path.exists(os.sep.join([p, stem])):
+                    return (stem, invokeString)
+        raise (OSError, """Could not find any %s programs.  You will need to install one,
+    or customize %s to make it aware of yours.
+    Looked for these programs:
+    %s""" % (self.purpose, __file__, "\n".join([s[0] for s in self.softwareList])))
+    #v2.4: %s""" % (self.purpose, __file__, "\n".join(s[0] for s in self.softwareList)))
+
+softwareLists = {
+    'diff/merge': [  
+                    ('/usr/bin/meld',"%s %s %s"),
+                    ('/usr/bin/kdiff3',"%s %s %s"),
+                    (r'C:\Program Files\Araxis\Araxis Merge v6.5\Merge.exe','"%s" %s %s'),                
+                    (r'C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\TortoiseMerge.exe', '"%s" /base:"%s" /mine:"%s"'),
+                    ('FileMerge','%s %s %s'),        
+                    ('kompare','%s %s %s'),   
+                    ('WinMerge','%s %s %s'),         
+                    ('xxdiff','%s %s %s'),        
+                    ('fldiff','%s %s %s'),
+                    ('gtkdiff','%s %s %s'),        
+                    ('tkdiff','%s %s %s'),         
+                    ('gvimdiff','%s %s %s'),        
+                    ('diff',"%s %s %s"),
+                    (r'c:\windows\system32\comp.exe',"%s %s %s")],
+    'text editor': [
+        ('gedit', '%s %s'),
+        ('textpad', '%s %s'),
+        ('notepad.exe', '%s %s'),
+        ('pico', '%s %s'),
+        ('emacs', '%s %s'),
+        ('vim', '%s %s'),
+        ('vi', '%s %s'),
+        ('ed', '%s %s'),
+        ('edlin', '%s %s')
+                   ]
+}
+
+diffMergeSearcher = SoftwareSearcher(softwareLists['diff/merge'],'diff/merge')
+editSearcher = SoftwareSearcher(softwareLists['text editor'], 'text editor')
+editor = os.environ.get('EDITOR')
+if editor:
+    editSearcher.find = lambda: (editor, "%s %s")
+
+class CaselessDict(dict):
+    """dict with case-insensitive keys.
+
+    Posted to ASPN Python Cookbook by Jeff Donner - http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/66315"""
+    def __init__(self, other=None):
+        if other:
+            # Doesn't do keyword args
+            if isinstance(other, dict):
+                for k,v in other.items():
+                    dict.__setitem__(self, k.lower(), v)
+            else:
+                for k,v in other:
+                    dict.__setitem__(self, k.lower(), v)
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        return dict.__getitem__(self, key.lower())
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        dict.__setitem__(self, key.lower(), value)
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        return dict.__contains__(self, key.lower())
+    def has_key(self, key):
+        return dict.has_key(self, key.lower())
+    def get(self, key, def_val=None):
+        return dict.get(self, key.lower(), def_val)
+    def setdefault(self, key, def_val=None):
+        return dict.setdefault(self, key.lower(), def_val)
+    def update(self, other):
+        for k,v in other.items():
+            dict.__setitem__(self, k.lower(), v)
+    def fromkeys(self, iterable, value=None):
+        d = CaselessDict()
+        for k in iterable:
+            dict.__setitem__(d, k.lower(), value)
+        return d
+    def pop(self, key, def_val=None):
+        return dict.pop(self, key.lower(), def_val)
+    
+class NotSettableError(Exception):
+    None
+
+class Parser(object):
+    comment_def = "--" + pyparsing.ZeroOrMore(pyparsing.CharsNotIn("\n"))    
+    def __init__(self, scanner, retainSeparator=True):
+        self.scanner = scanner
+        self.scanner.ignore(pyparsing.sglQuotedString)
+        self.scanner.ignore(pyparsing.dblQuotedString)
+        self.scanner.ignore(self.comment_def)
+        self.scanner.ignore(pyparsing.cStyleComment)
+        self.retainSeparator = retainSeparator
+    def separate(self, txt):
+        itms = []
+        for (sqlcommand, start, end) in self.scanner.scanString(txt):
+            if sqlcommand:
+                if type(sqlcommand[0]) == pyparsing.ParseResults:
+                    if self.retainSeparator:
+                        itms.append("".join(sqlcommand[0]))
+                    else:
+                        itms.append(sqlcommand[0][0])
+                else:
+                    if sqlcommand[0]:
+                        itms.append(sqlcommand[0])
+        return itms
+
+pipeSeparator = Parser(pyparsing.SkipTo((pyparsing.Literal('|') ^ pyparsing.StringEnd()), include=True), retainSeparator=False) 
+bindScanner = Parser(pyparsing.Literal(':') + pyparsing.Word( pyparsing.alphanums + "_$#" ))
+commandSeparator = Parser(pyparsing.SkipTo((pyparsing.Literal(';') ^ pyparsing.StringEnd()), include=True))
+
+def findBinds(target, existingBinds, givenBindVars = {}):
+    result = givenBindVars
+    for finding, startat, endat in bindScanner.scanner.scanString(target):
+        varname = finding[1]
+        try:
+            result[varname] = existingBinds[varname]
+        except KeyError:
+            if not givenBindVars.has_key(varname):
+                print 'Bind variable %s not defined.' % (varname)                
+    return result
+
+class sqlpyPlus(sqlpython.sqlpython):
+    def __init__(self):
+        sqlpython.sqlpython.__init__(self)
+        self.binds = CaselessDict()
+        self.sqlBuffer = []
+        self.settable = ['maxtselctrows', 'maxfetch', 'autobind', 'failover', 'timeout'] # settables must be lowercase
+        self.stdoutBeforeSpool = sys.stdout
+        self.spoolFile = None
+        self.autobind = False
+        self.failover = False
+
+    def default(self, arg, do_everywhere=False):
+        sqlpython.sqlpython.default(self, arg, do_everywhere)
+        self.sqlBuffer.append(self.query)            
+
+    # overrides cmd's parseline
+    shortcuts = {'?': 'help', '@': 'getrun', '!': 'shell', ':': 'setbind', '\\': 'psql'}
+    def parseline(self, line):
+        """Parse the line into a command name and a string containing
+        the arguments.  Returns a tuple containing (command, args, line).
+        'command' and 'args' may be None if the line couldn't be parsed.	
+        Overrides cmd.cmd.parseline to accept variety of shortcuts.."""
+        line = line.strip()
+        if not line:
+            return None, None, line
+        shortcut = self.shortcuts.get(line[0])
+        if shortcut:
+            cmd, arg = shortcut, line[1:].strip()
+        else:
+            i, n = 0, len(line)
+            while i < n and line[i] in self.identchars: i = i+1
+            cmd, arg = line[:i], line[i:].strip()
+        if cmd.lower() in ('select', 'sleect', 'insert', 'update', 'delete', 'describe',
+                          'desc', 'comments') \
+            and not hasattr(self, 'curs'):
+            print 'Not connected.'
+            return '', '', ''
+        return cmd, arg, line
+
+    def precmd(self, line):
+        """Hook method executed just before the command line is
+        interpreted, but after the input prompt is generated and issued.
+        Makes commands case-insensitive (but unfortunately does not alter command completion).
+        """
+        savestdout = sys.stdout
+        pipefilename = 'sqlpython.pipeline.tmp'
+        pipedCommands = pipeSeparator.separate(line)
+        if len(pipedCommands) > 1:
+            f = open(pipefilename,'w')
+            sys.stdout = f
+            self.precmd(pipedCommands[0])
+            self.onecmd(pipedCommands[0])
+            self.postcmd(False, pipedCommands[0])
+            f.close()
+            sys.stdout = savestdout
+            os.system('%s < %s' % (pipedCommands[1], pipefilename))
+        try:
+            args = line.split(None,1)
+            args[0] = args[0].lower()
+            return ' '.join(args)
+        except Exception:
+            return line
+
+    def do_shortcuts(self,arg):
+        """Lists available first-character shortcuts
+        (i.e. '!dir' is equivalent to 'shell dir')"""
+        for (scchar, scto) in self.shortcuts.items():
+            print '%s: %s' % (scchar, scto)
+
+
+    def colnames(self):
+        return [d[0] for d in curs.description]
+
+    def sql_format_itm(self, itm, needsquotes):
+        if itm is None:
+            return 'NULL'
+        if needsquotes:
+            return "'%s'" % str(itm)
+        return str(itm)
+    def output_as_insert_statements(self):
+        usequotes = [d[1] != cx_Oracle.NUMBER for d in self.curs.description]
+        def formatRow(row):
+            return ','.join(self.sql_format_itm(itm, useq)
+                            for (itm, useq) in zip(row, usequotes))
+        result = ['INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES (%s);' %
+                  (self.tblname, ','.join(self.colnames), formatRow(row))
+                  for row in self.rows]
+        return '\n'.join(result)
+        
+    def output_row_as_xml(self, row):
+        result = ['  <%s>\n    %s\n  </%s>' %
+                  (colname.lower(), str('' if (itm is None) else itm), colname.lower()) 
+                  for (itm, colname) in zip(row, self.colnames)]
+        return '\n'.join(result)        
+    def output_as_xml(self):
+        result = ['<%s>\n%s\n</%s>' %
+                  (self.tblname, self.output_row_as_xml(row), self.tblname)
+                  for row in self.rows]
+        return '\n'.join(result)
+
+    def output_as_html_table(self):
+        result = ''.join('<th>%s</th>' % c for c in self.colnames)
+        result = ['  <tr>\n    %s\n  </tr>' % result]
+        for row in self.rows:
+            result.append('  <tr>\n    %s\n  </tr>' %
+                          (''.join('<td>%s</td>' %
+                                   str('' if (itm is None) else itm)
+                           for itm in row)))                
+            result = '''<table id="%s">
+%s
+</table>''' % (self.tblname, '\n'.join(result))
+        return '\n'.join(result)
+
+    def output_as_list(self, align):
+        result = []
+        colnamelen = max(len(colname) for colname in self.colnames) + 1        
+        for (idx, row) in enumerate(self.rows):
+            result.append('\n**** Row: %d' % (idx+1))
+            for (itm, colname) in zip(row, self.colnames):
+                if align:
+                    colname = colname.ljust(colnamelen)
+                result.append('%s: %s' % (colname, itm))
+        return '\n'.join(result)
+
+    tableNameFinder = re.compile(r'from\s+([\w$#_"]+)', re.IGNORECASE | re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL)          
+    def output(self, outformat, rowlimit):
+        self.tblname = self.tableNameFinder.search(self.curs.statement).group(1)
+        self.colnames = [d[0] for d in self.curs.description]
+        if outformat == '\\i':
+            result = self.output_as_insert_statements()
+        elif outformat ==  '\\x':
+            result = self.output_as_xml()
+        elif outformat == '\\g':
+            result = self.output_as_list(align=False)
+        elif outformat == '\\G':
+            result = self.output_as_list(align=True)            
+        elif outformat in ('\\s', '\\S', '\\c', '\\C'): #csv
+            result = []
+            if outformat in ('\\s', '\\c'):
+                result.append(','.join('"%s"' % colname for colname in self.colnames))
+            for row in self.rows:
+                result.append(','.join('"%s"' % ('' if itm is None else itm) for itm in row))
+            result = '\n'.join(result)
+        elif outformat == '\\h':
+            result = self.output_as_html_table()
+        else:
+            result = sqlpython.pmatrix(self.rows, self.curs.description, self.maxfetch)
+        return result
+                        
+    def do_select(self, arg, bindVarsIn=None):
+        """Fetch rows from a table.
+        
+        Limit the number of rows retrieved by appending
+        an integer after the terminator
+        (example: SELECT * FROM mytable;10 )
+        
+        Output may be formatted by choosing an alternative terminator
+        ("help terminators" for details)
+        """
+        bindVarsIn = bindVarsIn or {}
+        stmt = sqlpython.Statement('select '+arg)
+        self.query = stmt.query
+        if stmt.outformat == '\\t':
+            self.do_tselect(' '.join(self.query.split()[1:]) + ';', stmt.rowlimit)
+        else:
+            try:
+                self.varsUsed = findBinds(self.query, self.binds, bindVarsIn)
+                self.curs.execute(self.query, self.varsUsed)
+                self.rows = self.curs.fetchmany(min(self.maxfetch, (stmt.rowlimit or self.maxfetch)))
+                self.desc = self.curs.description
+                self.rc = self.curs.rowcount
+                if self.rc > 0:
+                    print '\n' + self.output(stmt.outformat, stmt.rowlimit)
+                if self.rc == 0:
+                    print '\nNo rows Selected.\n'
+                elif self.rc == 1: 
+                    print '\n1 row selected.\n'
+                    if self.autobind:
+                        self.binds.update(dict(zip([d[0] for d in self.desc], self.rows[0])))
+                elif self.rc < self.maxfetch:
+                    print '\n%d rows selected.\n' % self.rc
+                else:
+                    print '\nSelected Max Num rows (%d)' % self.rc                 
+            except Exception, e:
+                print e
+                import traceback
+                traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stdout)
+        self.sqlBuffer.append(self.query)
+
+    def showParam(self, param):
+        param = param.strip().lower()
+        if param in self.settable:
+            val = getattr(self, param)
+            print '%s: %s' % (param, str(getattr(self, param)))
+
+    def do_show(self, arg):
+        'Shows value of a (sqlpython, not ORACLE) parameter'
+        arg = arg.strip().lower()
+        if arg:
+            self.showParam(arg)
+        else:
+            for param in self.settable:
+                self.showParam(param)
+
+    def cast(self, current, new):
+        typ = type(current)
+        if typ == bool:
+            new = new.lower()            
+            try:
+                if (new=='on') or (new[0] in ('y','t')):
+                    return True
+                return False
+            except TypeError:
+                None
+        try:
+            return typ(new)
+        except:
+            print "Problem setting parameter (now %s) to %s; incorrect type?" % (current, new)
+            return current
+    
+    def do_set(self, arg):
+        'Sets a (sqlpython, not ORACLE) parameter'        
+        try:
+            paramName, val = arg.split(None, 1)
+        except Exception:
+            self.do_show(arg)
+            return
+        paramName = paramName.lower()
+        try:
+            current = getattr(self, paramName)
+            if callable(current):
+                raise NotSettableError
+        except (AttributeError, NotSettableError):
+            self.fail('set %s' % arg)
+            return
+        val = self.cast(current, val.strip(';'))
+        print paramName, ' - was: ', current
+        setattr(self, paramName.lower(), val)
+        print 'now: ', val
+    
+    def do_describe(self, arg):
+        "emulates SQL*Plus's DESCRIBE"
+        object_type, owner, object_name = self.resolve(arg.strip(self.terminator).upper())
+        print "%s %s.%s" % (object_type, owner, object_name)
+        if object_type in ('TABLE','VIEW'):
+            self.do_select(queries['descTable'],{'object_name':object_name, 'owner':owner})
+        elif object_type == 'PACKAGE':
+            self.curs.execute(queries['PackageObjects'], {'package_name':object_name, 'owner':owner})
+            for (packageObj_name,) in self.curs:
+                print packageObj_name
+                self.do_select(queries['PackageObjArgs'],{'package_name':object_name, 'owner':owner, 'object_name':packageObj_name})
+        else:
+            self.do_select(queries['descProcedure'],{'owner':owner, 'object_name':object_name})
+    do_desc = do_describe
+    
+    def do_comments(self, arg):
+        'Prints comments on a table and its columns.'
+        object_type, owner, object_name = self.resolve(arg.strip(self.terminator).upper())
+        if object_type:
+            self.curs.execute(queries['tabComments'],{'table_name':object_name, 'owner':owner})
+            print "%s %s.%s: %s" % (object_type, owner, object_name, self.curs.fetchone()[0])
+            self.do_select(queries['colComments'],{'owner':owner, 'object_name': object_name})
+
+    def resolve(self, identifier):
+        """Checks (my objects).name, (my synonyms).name, (public synonyms).name
+        to resolve a database object's name. """
+        parts = identifier.split('.')
+        try:
+            if len(parts) == 2:
+                owner, object_name = parts
+                self.curs.execute('SELECT object_type FROM all_objects WHERE owner = :owner AND object_name = :object_name',
+                                  {'owner': owner, 'object_name': object_name})
+                object_type = self.curs.fetchone()[0]
+            elif len(parts) == 1:
+                object_name = parts[0]
+                self.curs.execute(queries['resolve'], {'objName':object_name})
+                object_type, object_name, owner = self.curs.fetchone()
+        except TypeError:
+            print 'Could not resolve object %s.' % identifier
+            object_type, owner, object_name = '', '', ''
+        return object_type, owner, object_name
+
+    def do_shell(self, arg):
+        'execute a command as if at the OS prompt.'
+        os.system(arg)
+        
+    def spoolstop(self):
+        if self.spoolFile:
+            sys.stdout = self.stdoutBeforeSpool
+            print 'Finished spooling to ', self.spoolFile.name
+            self.spoolFile.close()
+            self.spoolFile = None
+    
+    def do_spool(self, arg):
+        """spool [filename] - begins redirecting output to FILENAME."""
+        self.spoolstop()
+        arg = arg.strip()
+        if not arg:
+            arg = 'output.lst'
+        if arg.lower() != 'off':
+            if '.' not in arg:
+                arg = '%s.lst' % arg
+            print 'Sending output to %s (until SPOOL OFF received)' % (arg)
+            self.spoolFile = open(arg, 'w')
+            sys.stdout = self.spoolFile
+
+    def write(self, arg, fname): 
+        originalOut = sys.stdout
+        f = open(fname, 'w')
+        sys.stdout = f
+        self.onecmd(arg)
+        f.close()
+        sys.stdout = originalOut
+        
+    def do_write(self, args):
+        'write [filename.extension] query - writes result to a file'
+        words = args.split(None, 1)
+        if len(words) > 1 and '.' in words[0]:
+            fname, command = words
+        else:
+            fname, command = 'output.txt', args
+        self.write(command, fname)
+        print 'Results written to %s' % os.path.join(os.getcwd(), fname)
+        
+    def do_compare(self, args):
+        """COMPARE query1 TO query2 - uses external tool to display differences.
+    
+        Sorting is recommended to avoid false hits."""
+        fnames = []
+        args2 = args.split(' to ')
+        for n in range(len(args2)):
+            query = args2[n]
+            fnames.append('compare%s.txt' % n)
+            if query.rstrip()[-1] != self.terminator: 
+                query = '%s%s' % (query, self.terminator)
+            self.write(query, fnames[n])           
+        diffMergeSearcher.invoke(fnames[0], fnames[1])
+
+    bufferPosPattern = re.compile('\d+')
+    rangeIndicators = ('-',':')
+    def bufferPositions(self, arg):
+        if not self.sqlBuffer:
+            return []
+        arg = arg.strip(self.terminator)
+        arg = arg.strip()
+        if not arg:
+            return [0]
+        arg = arg.strip().lower()
+        if arg in ('*', 'all', '-', ':'):
+            return range(len(self.sqlBuffer))
+
+        edges = [e for e in self.bufferPosPattern.findall(arg)]
+        edges = [int(e) for e in edges]
+        if len(edges) > 1:
+            edges = edges[:2]
+        else:
+            if arg[0] in self.rangeIndicators or arg[-1] in self.rangeIndicators:
+                edges.append(0)
+        edges.sort()
+        start = max(edges[0], 0)
+        end = min(edges[-1], len(self.sqlBuffer)-1)
+        return range(start, end+1)
+    def do_run(self, arg):
+        'run [N]: runs the SQL that was run N commands ago'	
+        for pos in self.bufferPositions(arg):
+            self.onecmd(self.sqlBuffer[-1-pos])
+    def do_list(self, arg):
+        'list [N]: lists the SQL that was run N commands ago'
+        for pos in self.bufferPositions(arg):
+            print '*** %i statements ago ***' % pos
+            print self.sqlBuffer[-1-pos]
+    def load(self, fname):
+        """Pulls command(s) into sql buffer.  Returns number of commands loaded."""
+        initialLength = len(self.sqlBuffer)
+        try:
+            f = open(fname, 'r')
+        except IOError, e:
+            try:
+                f = open('%s.sql' % fname, 'r')
+            except:
+                print 'Problem opening file %s: \n%s' % (fname, e)
+                return 0
+        txt = f.read()
+        f.close()
+        self.sqlBuffer.extend(commandSeparator.separate(txt))                           
+        return len(self.sqlBuffer) - initialLength
+    def do_ed(self, arg):
+        'ed [N]: brings up SQL from N commands ago in text editor, and puts result in SQL buffer.'
+        fname = 'mysqlpy_temp.sql'
+        try:
+            buffer = self.sqlBuffer[-1 - (int(arg or 0))]
+        except IndexError:
+            buffer = ''
+        f = open(fname, 'w')
+        f.write(buffer)
+        f.close()
+        editSearcher.invoke(fname)
+        self.load(fname)
+    do_edit = do_ed
+    def do_get(self, fname):
+        'Brings SQL commands from a file to the in-memory SQL buffer.'
+        commandsLoaded = self.load(fname)
+        if commandsLoaded:
+            self.do_list('1-%d' % (commandsLoaded-1))
+    def do_getrun(self, fname):
+        'Brings SQL commands from a file to the in-memory SQL buffer, and executes them.'
+        commandNums = range(self.load(fname))
+        commandNums.reverse()
+        for commandNum in commandNums:
+            self.do_run(str(commandNum))
+            self.sqlBuffer.pop()
+    def do_psql(self, arg):
+        '''Shortcut commands emulating psql's backslash commands.
+        
+        \c connect
+        \d desc
+        \e edit
+        \g run
+        \h help
+        \i getrun
+        \o spool
+        \p list
+        \w save
+        \? help psql'''
+        commands = {}
+        for c in self.do_psql.__doc__.splitlines()[2:]:
+            (abbrev, command) = c.split(None, 1)
+            commands[abbrev[1:]] = command
+        words = arg.split(None,1)
+        abbrev = words[0]
+        try:
+            args = words[1]
+        except IndexError:
+            args = ''
+        try:
+            self.onecmd('%s %s' % (commands[abbrev], args))
+            self.onecmd('q')
+        except KeyError:
+            print 'psql command \%s not yet supported.' % abbrev        
+    def do_save(self, fname):
+        'save FILENAME: Saves most recent SQL command to disk.'
+        f = open(fname, 'w')
+        f.write(self.sqlBuffer[-1])
+        f.close()
+        
+    def do_print(self, arg):
+        'print VARNAME: Show current value of bind variable VARNAME.'
+        if arg:
+            if arg[0] == ':':
+                arg = arg[1:]
+            try:
+                print self.binds[arg]
+            except KeyError:
+                print 'No bind variable ', arg
+        else:
+            self.do_setbind('')
+    def do_setbind(self, arg):
+        args = arg.split(None, 2)
+        if len(args) == 0:
+            for (var, val) in self.binds.items():
+                print ':%s = %s' % (var, val)
+        elif len(args) == 1:
+            try:
+                print ':%s = %s' % (args[0], self.binds[args[0]])
+            except KeyError, e:
+                print noSuchBindMsg % args[0]
+        elif len(args) > 2 and args[1] in ('=',':='):
+            var, val = args[0], args[2]
+            if val[0] == val[-1] == "'" and len(val) > 1:
+                val = val[1:-1]
+            self.binds[var] = val
+        else:
+            print 'Could not parse ', args            
+    def do_exec(self, arg):
+        if arg[0] == ':':
+            self.do_setbind(arg[1:])
+        else:
+            self.default('exec %s' % arg)
+            
+def _test():
+    import doctest
+    doctest.testmod()
+    
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    "Silent return implies that all unit tests succeeded.  Use -v to see details."
+    _test()
\ No newline at end of file