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API_coding_style: Moved code sample at end of document for better readability
author Olivier Delalleau <delallea@iro>
date Thu, 16 Sep 2010 16:25:38 -0400
parents f6011a2aff0b
children d7192e52653e
rev   line source
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1 =========================
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2 Coding Style Guidelines
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3 =========================
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4
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5 Main Goals
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6 ==========
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7
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8 * Code should be compatible with Python 2.4 and above (using 2to3 for
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9 conversion to Python 3.x). This may not be possible in the short term
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10 for code dependent on Theano.
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11
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12 * Code should be easy to read, understand and update by developers and
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13 users.
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14
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15 * Code should be well-documented and well-tested.
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16
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17 Python Coding Guidelines
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18 ========================
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19
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20 Official Guidelines
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21 -------------------
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22
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23 Source Material
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24 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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25
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26 The three main documents describing our Python coding guidelines are:
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27 * `PEP 8 -- Style Guide for Python Code
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28 <http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008>`_
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29 * `PEP 257 -- Docstring Conventions
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30 <http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0257>`_
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31 * `Numpy Docstring Standard
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32 <http://projects.scipy.org/numpy/wiki/CodingStyleGuidelines#docstring-standard>`_
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33 * `Google Python Style Guide
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34 <http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/pyguide.html>`_
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35
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36
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37 However, there are a few points mentioned in those documents that we decided
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38 to do differently:
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39
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40 * Use only one space (not two) after a sentence-ending period in comments.
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41
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42 Excerpts
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43 ~~~~~~~~
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44
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45 We emphasize here a few important topics that are found in the official
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46 guidelines:
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47
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48 Additional Recommendations
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49 --------------------------
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50
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51 Things you should do even if they are not listed in official guidelines:
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52
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53 * Avoid backslashes whenever possible. They make it more
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54 difficult to edit code, and they are ugly (as well as potentially
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55 dangerous if there are trailing white spaces).
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56
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57 .. code-block:: python
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58
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59 # Good.
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60 if (cond_1 and
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61 cond_2 and
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62 cond_3):
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63 ...
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64 # Bad.
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65 if cond_1 and \
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66 cond_2 and \
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67 cond_3:
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68 ...
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69
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70 * When indenting multi-line statements like lists or function arguments,
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71 keep elements of the same level aligned with each other.
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72 The position of the first
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73 element (on the same line or a new line) should be chosen depending on
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74 what is easiest to read (sometimes both can be ok).
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75
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76 .. code-block:: python
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77
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78 # Good.
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79 for my_very_long_variable_name in [my_food, my_bar, my_love,
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80 my_everything]:
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81 ...
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82 for my_very_long_variable_name in [
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83 my_foo, my_bar, my_love, my_everything]:
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84 ...
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85 # Good iff the list needs to be frequently updated.
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86 for my_very_long_variable_name in [
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87 my_foo,
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88 my_bar,
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89 my_love,
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90 my_everything,
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91 ]:
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92 ...
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93 # Bad.
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94 for my_very_long_variable_name in [my_foo, my_bar, my_love,
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95 my_everything]:
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96 ...
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97 for my_very_long_variable_name in [my_foo,
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98 my_bar,
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99 my_love,
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100 my_everything]:
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101 ...
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102
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103 The ``logging`` Module vs. the ``warning`` Module
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104 =================================================
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105
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106 The ``logging`` Module
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107 ----------------------
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108
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109 A central logging facility for Python capable of logging messages of various
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110 categories/urgency and choosing with some granularity which messages are
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111 displayed/suppressed, as well as where they are displayed or written. This
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112 includes an ``INFO`` level for innocuous status information, a ``WARNING`` level
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113 for unexpected state that is still recoverable, ``DEBUG`` for detailed
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114 information which is only really of interest when things are going wrong, etc.
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115
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116 In addition to the `library documentation`_, see this helpful tutorial,
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117 `Python Logging 101`_.
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118
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119 .. _library documentation: http://docs.python.org/library/logging.html
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120 .. _Python Logging 101: http://plumberjack.blogspot.com/2009/09/python-logging-101.html
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121
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122 The ``warning`` Module
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123 ----------------------
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124
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125 The ``warning`` module in the standard library and its main interface, the
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126 ``warn()`` function, allows the programmer to issue warnings in situations where
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127 they wish to alert the user to some condition, but the situation is not
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128 urgent enough to throw an exception. By default, a warning issued at a given
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129 line of the code will only be displayed the first time that line is executed.
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130 By default, warnings are written to ``sys.stderr`` but the ``warning`` module
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131 contains flexible facilities for altering the defaults, redirecting, etc.
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132
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133 Which? When?
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134 ------------
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135
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136 It is our feeling that the ``logging`` module's ``WARNING`` level be used to log
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137 warnings more meant for *internal*, *developer* consumption, to log situations
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138 where something unexpected happened that may be indicative of a problem but
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139 is several layers of abstraction below what a user of the library would
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140 care about.
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141
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142 By contrast, the warning module should be used for warnings intended for user
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143 consumption, e.g. alerting them that their version of Pylearn is older than
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144 this plugin requires, so things may not work as expected, or that a given
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145 function/class/method is slated for deprecation in a coming release (early
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146 in the library's lifetime, ``DeprecationWarning`` will likely be the most common
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147 case). The warning message issued through this facility should avoid
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148 referring to Pylearn internals.
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149
1148
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150 Code Sample
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151 ===========
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152
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153 The following code sample illustrates many of the coding guidelines one should
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154 follow in Pylearn.
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155
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156 .. code-block:: python
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157
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158 import os, sys, time
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159