Mercurial > pylearn
annotate doc/v2_planning/dataset.txt @ 1398:1934ba31b7d9
rst syntax fix and update to what is currently done.
| author | Frederic Bastien <nouiz@nouiz.org> |
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| date | Wed, 12 Jan 2011 17:03:30 -0500 |
| parents | 04b988fb00b6 |
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| rev | line source |
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1 Discussion of Function Specification for Dataset Types |
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2 ====================================================== |
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3 |
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4 Some talking points from the September 2 meeting: |
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5 |
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6 * Datasets as views/tasks (Pascal Vincent's idea): our dataset specification |
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7 needs to be flexible enough to accommodate different (sub)tasks and views of |
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8 the same underlying data. |
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9 * Datasets as probability distributions from which one can sample. |
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10 * That's not something I would consider to be a dataset-related problem to |
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11 tackle now: a probability distribution in Pylearn would probably be a |
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12 different kind of beast, and it should be easy enough to have a |
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13 DatasetToDistribution class for instance, that would take care of viewing a |
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14 dataset as a probability distribution. -- OD |
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15 * Our specification should allow transparent handling of infinite datasets (or |
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16 simply datasets which cannot fit in memory) |
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17 * GPU/buffering issues. |
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18 |
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19 Commiteee: DE, OB, OD, AB, PV |
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20 Leader: DE |
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21 |
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22 Some ideas from existing ML libraries: |
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23 |
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24 - PyML: notion of dataset containers: VectorDataSet, SparseDataSet, KernelData, |
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25 PairDataSet, Aggregate. Ultimately, the learner decides |
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26 - mlpy: very primitive notions of data (simple 2D matrices) |
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27 - PyBrain: Datasets are geared towards specific tasks: ClassificationDataSet, |
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28 SequentialDataSet, ReinforcementDataSet, ... Each class is quite |
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29 constrained and may have a different interface. |
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30 - MDP: Seems to have restrictions on the type of data being passed around, as |
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31 well as its dimensionality ("Input array data is typically assumed to be |
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32 two-dimensional and ordered such that observations of the same variable are |
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33 stored on rows and different variables are stored on columns.") |
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34 - Orange: Data matrices, with names and types associated to each column. |
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35 Basically there seems to be only one base dataset class that contains the |
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36 data. Data points are lists (of values corresponding to each column). |
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37 - APGL: Hard to say how they deal with data from the documentation alone. |
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38 - Monte: Data is simply numpy arrays. |
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39 - scikits.learn: Dataset is a simple container with e.g. dataset.data being |
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40 a 2D numpy array of input features, and dataset.target the target vector. |
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41 - Shogun: Vade Retro C++! (may be worth looking into their feature concept |
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42 though). |
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43 - Any more worth looking at? |
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44 |
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45 A few things that our dataset containers should support at a minimum: |
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46 |
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47 - streams, possibly infinite |
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48 - task/views of the data for different problems |
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49 - indexing & slicing |
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50 - pairs or triples or etc of examples |
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51 - a 'distance/gram matrix' container (imagine that the data is given to you |
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52 as a distance matrix) |
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53 - multi-dimensional time-series (again, maybe with pairs/triples, maybe |
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54 given to you as a distance matrix over time) |
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55 |
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56 Another question to consider is the following: how tight should it integrate |
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57 with Theano? Do we want to be able to store data as shared variables or just |
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58 have an option for that? Theano + GPU constrains things that we can do (in terms |
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59 of sizes, buffering, etc): these are things we need to think about, but it's not |
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60 clear whether we should aim for building them into the interface. |
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61 |
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62 Task views of the data for different problems: How can we achieve this? Should |
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63 we simply have a set of standard dataset descriptors ('classification', |
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64 'regression', 'multi-label', 'density_estimation') and have a set_view method |
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65 that changes the current dataset view type? |
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66 |
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67 There is then the question of how to approach the design of a Dataset class from |
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68 an OOP perspective. So far, my (Dumi's) idea is to have an almost 'abstract class' |
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69 Dataset that doesn't implement any methods except a few setters/getters. The reason |
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70 to have the methods listed that way is to have a common 'specification', but classes |
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71 that inherit from Dataset need not implement every single method (only the ones |
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72 that are relevant) and can obviously implement other methods as appropriate. The |
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73 reason to have a common specification (as abstract as it might be) is to, well, |
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74 have a common specification that would make our code clearer and cleaner. |
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75 |
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76 An example of what I (Dumi) am thinking in terms of concrete API: |
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77 |
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78 class Dataset: |
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79 def __init__(self): |
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80 self.type = None |
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81 self.in_memory = None |
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82 self.inputs = None # list of filepaths, or objects in memory, or... |
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83 self.outputs = None |
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84 |
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85 def get_example(self,example_index): |
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86 raise NotImplementedError() |
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87 |
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88 def get_next_example(self): |
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89 raise NotImplementedError() |
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90 |
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91 def get_batch(self,batch_index): |
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92 raise NotImplementedError() |
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93 |
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94 def get_next_batch(self): |
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95 raise NotImplementedError() |
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96 |
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97 def get_slice(self,slice_object): |
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98 raise NotImplementedError() |
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99 |
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100 def set_view(self,view_type): |
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101 self.view_type = view_type |
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102 self.n_classes = None |
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103 |
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104 def set_n_classes(self,n_classes): |
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105 self.n_classes = n_classes |
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106 |
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107 def set_batch_size(self,batch_size): |
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108 self.batch_size = batch_size |
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109 |
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110 You will note that there is no notion of train/valid/test in this class: I think we should |
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111 just have a train dataset, a valid one and a test one instead or (if it's in one |
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112 big file or infinite stream) just handle the split ourselves (via slicing, for |
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113 instance). I (Dumi) am of the opinion that it keeps things cleaner, but the |
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114 specification does not preclude more fine-grained 'splitting' of the data. |
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115 |
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116 A concrete implementation would look like this (we would have one class per |
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117 dataset that we use, and the class declaration contains essentially everything |
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118 there is to know about the dataset): |
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119 |
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120 .. code-block:: python |
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121 |
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122 class MNIST(Dataset): |
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123 def __init__(self,inputs=['train_x.npy'],outputs=['train_y.npy']): |
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124 self.type='standard_xy' |
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125 self.in_memory = True |
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126 self.inputs = inputs # load them or create |
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127 self.outputs = outputs |
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128 self.set_view('classification') |
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129 self.set_n_classes(10) |
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130 self.set_batch_size(20) |
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131 self.n_batches = self._compute_n_batches() |
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132 |
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133 def get_batch(self,batch_index): |
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134 x,y = self._fetch_batch(batch_index) |
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135 if self.view_type == 'classification': |
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136 return x,numpy.int32(y) |
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137 elif self.view_type == 'density_estimation': |
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138 return x |
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139 else: |
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140 raise NotImplementedError() |
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141 |
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142 def shared_data(self): |
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143 shared_x = theano.shared(numpy.asarray(self.inputs, dtype=theano.config.floatX)) |
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144 shared_y = theano.shared(numpy.asarray(self.outputs, dtype=theano.config.floatX)) |
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145 return shared_x, T.cast(shared_y, 'int32') |
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146 |
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147 def _compute_n_batches(self): |
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148 pass |
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149 |
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150 def _fetch_batch(self,batch_index): |
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151 pass |
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152 |
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153 But nothing stops you from defining get_train_batch, get_valid_batch and stuff |
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154 like that! |
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155 |
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156 So we'd use it as: |
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157 |
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158 train_mnist = MNIST(inputs = ['train_x.npy'], outputs = ['train_y.npy']) |
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159 valid_mnist = MNIST(inputs = ['valid_x.npy'], outputs = ['valid_y.npy']) |
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160 |
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161 x,y = train_mnist.get_batch(0) |
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162 train_mnist.set_view('density_estimation') |
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163 x = train_mnist.get_batch(0) |
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164 |
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165 or |
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166 |
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167 mnist_data = MNIST(inputs = ['x.npy'], outputs = ['y.npy']) |
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168 batches_train = range(int(mnist_data.n_batches*0.8)) |
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169 batches_valid = range(int(mnist_data.n_batches*0.8),mnist_data.n_batches) |
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170 |
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171 xt,yt = mnist_data.get_batch(batches_train[0]) |
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172 xv,yv = mnist_data.get_batch(batches_valid[0]) |
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173 |
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174 |
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175 |
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176 |
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177 COMMENTS |
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178 ~~~~~~~~ |
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179 |
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180 JB asks: How about asking datasets to also provide a visualization mechanism |
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181 for showing / playing individual examples from the dataset, but also other |
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182 external objects that are similar to dataset examples (e.g. filters from a |
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183 weight matrix that filters images). This doesn't have to be complicated, and it |
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184 can be shared between datasets that exist in one modality (e.g. image datasets |
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185 can all use an image-rending method) |
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186 |
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187 OD replies: Besides being able to display data without prior knowledge of the |
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188 kind of data inside a dataset, is there any reason to put this within the |
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189 dataset class? If not, it seems to me it may be more appropriate to have a way |
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190 for the dataset to describe the kind of data it holds, and keep the |
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191 visualization code separate from the dataset itself. It would make it easier |
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192 in particular to try different visualization systems, and description of the |
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193 data may turn out to be useful for other reasons (however, it also means we'd |
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194 need to come up with a good way to describe data, which could prove |
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195 difficult). |
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196 |
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197 JB asks: What may be passed as argument to the functions in Dataset, and what |
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198 can be expected in return? Are there side effects (e.g. on the state of the |
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199 Dataset) associated with any of the functions? |
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200 |
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201 JB asks: What properties are part of the Dataset API? What possible types can |
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202 they have, are they expected to be read-only or writeable? What do they mean? |
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203 |
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204 |
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205 JB asks: What is a view? Does set_view change the Dataset or return a new |
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206 Dataset with a certain view of the original (in which case call it get_view)? |
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207 Does the view imply the types of the return-value of functions like |
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208 get_batch? What is the difference between the view and the subclasses of |
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209 Dataset in PyML? |
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210 |
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211 JB asks: Do container formats (I'm thinking of HDF5) offer features for fast |
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212 retrieval that we would like to expose via this interface? |
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213 |
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214 JB asks: How would you recommend using this sort of dataset in a boosting |
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215 algorithm where points need to be re-weighted. |
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216 |
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217 |
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218 JB asks: Do we want to provide for the possibility of feedback that modifies the |
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219 dataset? For example, curriculum learning might be adaptive in this sense, or |
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220 if we wanted to provide a virtual world for an agent as a dataset then we need |
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221 to provide 'actions' to get the next batch. Could this be done in the current |
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222 API? |
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223 |
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224 |
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225 Field names and attributes |
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226 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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227 |
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228 OD: One important question is how to handle fields' names and characteristics. |
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229 For instance, it can be useful to know that the 3rd input field represents a |
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230 number of fingers, and is a non-negative discrete field whose numeric value is |
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231 meaningful (compared, to, say, an integer index that would correspond to an |
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232 animal's category). We mentioned metadata during the meeting, but we did not |
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233 get into its details: that may be a place where to put this kind of things. |
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234 |
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235 |
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236 Freeing memory |
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237 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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238 |
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239 OD: It is sometimes useful to be able to free memory used by previous |
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240 computations. A typical example is when you load in memory the original |
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241 dataset, then perform various processing steps, ending with a new dataset that |
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242 you also store in memory before feeding it to the learner. Unless you very |
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243 carefully design your code to avoid it, your original dataset will still |
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244 remain in memory (as well as maybe the results of some computations performed |
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245 along the way). So there may be a use for a `clear()` method that would be |
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246 called by the topmost dataset (the one doing the final memory caching), and |
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247 would be forwarded iteratively to previous datasets so as to get back all this |
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248 wasted memory space. |
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249 |
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250 What is a mini-batch? |
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251 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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252 |
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253 This is a follow-up to the meeting's discussion about whether a mini-batch |
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254 returned by a dataset should be itself a dataset. |
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255 |
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256 OD: During the meeting I was voting in favor of a 'yes', mostly because it |
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257 made sense to me (a mini-batch is a subset of a dataset and thus should be a |
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258 dataset), but now I tend towards 'no'. The main reason is it is not clear yet |
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259 what the dataset interface will be, so that it is hard to judge whether this |
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260 is good idea (my main concern is how much additional work would be required by |
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261 the writer of a new dataset subclass). Anyway, maybe a first thing we could |
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262 think about is what we want a mini-batch to be. I think we can agree that we |
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263 would like to be able to do something like: |
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264 |
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265 .. code-block:: python |
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266 |
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267 for mb in dataset.mini_batches(size=10): |
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268 learner.update(mb.input, mb.target) |
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269 |
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270 so that it should be ok for a mini-batch to be an object whose fields |
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271 (that should have the same name as those of the dataset) are numpy arrays. |
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272 More generally, we would like to be able to iterate on samples in a |
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273 mini-batch, or do random access on them, so a mini-batch should implement |
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274 __iter__ and __getitem__. |
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275 Besides this, is there any other typical use-case of a mini-batch? In |
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276 particular, is there any reason to want an infinite mini-batch, or a very big |
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277 mini-batch that may not fit in memory? (in which case we may need to revise |
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278 our idea of what 'mini' means) Hopefully the answer to that last question is |
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279 no, as I think it would definitely keep things simpler, since we could simply |
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280 use numpy arrays (for numeric data) or lists (for anything else) to store |
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281 mini-batches' data. So I vote for 'no'. |
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282 |
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283 YB: I agree that a mini-batch should definitely be safely assumed |
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284 to fit in memory. That makes it at least in principle semantically |
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285 different from a dataset. But barring that restriction, it might |
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286 share of the properties of a dataset. |
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287 |
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288 A dataset is a learner |
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289 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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290 |
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291 OD: (this is hopefully a clearer re-write of the original version from |
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292 r7e6e77d50eeb, which I was not happy with). |
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293 There are typically three kinds of objects that spit out data: |
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294 |
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295 1. Datasets that are loaded from disk or are able to generate data all by |
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296 themselves (i.e. without any other dataset as input) |
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297 2. Datasets that transform their input dataset in a way that only depends on |
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298 the input dataset (e.g. filtering samples or features, normalizing data, etc.) |
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299 3. Datasets that transform their input dataset in a way that is learned on a |
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300 potentially different dataset (e.g. PCA when you want to learn the projection |
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301 space on the training set in order to transform both the training and test |
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302 sets). |
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303 |
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304 My impression currently is that we would use dataset subclasses to handle 1 |
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305 and 2. However, 3 requires a learner framework, so you would need to have |
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306 something like a LearnerOutputDataset(trained_learner, dataset). |
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307 |
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308 Note however that 2 is a special case of 3 (where training does nothing), and |
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309 1 is a special case of 2 (where we do not care about being given an input |
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310 dataset). Thus you could decide to also implement 1 and 2 as learners wrapped |
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311 by LearnerOutputDataset. |
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312 |
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313 The main advantages I find in this approach (that I have been using at |
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314 Ubisoft) are: |
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315 |
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316 - You only need to learn how to subclass the learner class. The only dataset |
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317 class is LearnerOutputDataset, which you could just name Dataset. |
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318 - You do not have different ways to achieve the same result (having to figure |
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319 out which one is most appropriate). |
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320 - Upgrading code from 2 to 3 is more straighforward. Such a situation can |
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321 happen e.g. if you write some code that normalizes your input dataset |
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322 (situation 2), then realize later you would like to be able to normalize new |
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323 datasets using the same parameters (e.g. same shift & rescaling), which |
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324 requires situation 3. |
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325 - It can make your life easier when thinking about how to plug things together |
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326 (something that has not been discussed yet), because the interfaces of the |
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327 various components are less varied. |
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328 |
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329 I am not saying that we should necessarily do it this way, but I think it is |
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330 worth at least keeping in mind this close relationship between simple |
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331 processing and learning, and thinking about what are the benefits / drawbacks |
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332 in keeping them separate in the class hierarchy. |
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333 |
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334 RP: I actually like this idea of having the dataset implement the same |
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335 interface as the learner ( or actually a subset of the interface .. ). |
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336 I hope people decide to do this. |
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337 |
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338 Support for shared variables |
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339 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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340 |
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341 RP asks: What is the status of having the dataset support copying data |
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342 on the GPU ( by storing data in shared variables) ? Have you decided to |
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343 include this feature or not ? I think that the strongest selling point of |
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344 Theano is that it runs on GPU transperently, and I see this as a good |
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345 selling point for the library as well. Plus we intend to move more and |
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346 more towards running things on GPU. If the dataset object does not support |
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347 this feature we will need to find hacks around it .. |
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348 |
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349 OD: I have like zero experience with GPU so hopefully someone else can answer |
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350 this. But the way I see it, hopefully it could work by having some dataset |
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351 object that would take care of storing its input data into a shared variable. |
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352 OD (continued): After thinking a bit more about it, I am not sure that would |
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353 work. I definitely need to look at some code doing it to get a better |
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354 understanding of it, but my feeling is that you need your learner to be |
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355 written in a specific way to achieve this, in which case it may be up to the |
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356 learner to take its input data and store it into a shared variable. |
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357 |
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358 RP comment: Yes, the dataset object alone can not handle this, the issue is somewhere |
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359 between the dataset and the learner. Or in other words, everytime you change |
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360 the data you need to recompile your theano function. So the learner can not |
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361 only get data from the dataset, it needs to get a shared variable. The learner |
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362 should also be aware when the dataset is changed, to recompile its internal |
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363 functions. I'm not sure which is the best wa to do this. My personal feeling |
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364 is that the dataset should be part of the learner. The lerner should provide |
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365 a function use_dataset ( or replace_dataset). When this function is called, |
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366 all the theano functions in the learner get recompiled based on shared |
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367 variables that the dataset object provides. It sort of fits very well in the |
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368 framework that I have in mind, which was spattered around in the learner.txt |
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369 and some of my previous emails. I think it shares a lot with James concepts, |
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370 since it follows quite closely the concepts behind Theano. |
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371 |
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372 OD asks: Ok, so why would the dataset have to be responsible for providing a |
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373 shared variable? Why wouldn't the learner just create this shared variable |
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374 internally and copy into it the data provided by the dataset? |
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375 |
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376 RP replies: Sure, the learner could take care of all this. Note though that the |
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377 learner should take care to divide the dataset into chunks that fit in the |
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378 GPU memory ( in case of a large dataset) and then take care of updating the |
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379 shared variables acording to the current chunk. Personally I feel like all |
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380 this data division, management and so on should be done by the dataset. |
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381 It feels more natural that way. For example assume you have a dataset that |
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382 is composed of a time series and some static data ( carre-tech heart beat |
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383 data is a good example). The static data is small enough so that you could |
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384 always store on the GPU, and you would only need to split the time series. |
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385 For the learner to do this ( since it gets the same interface from any |
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386 dataset object) would be like and if <this case> then, while for the |
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387 dataset is just a different class. But I'm happy to have all this GPU stuff |
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388 send to the learner as well if everybody else believe that is better. |
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389 |
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390 FB comment: I don't understand why you would need to recompile the theano function. |
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391 Their is 2 cases, the data is in a shared variable. You can directly change the data |
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392 in the shared variable without recompiling the theano fct. The second case is when |
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393 the dataset is in an ordinary theano variable. In that case, the first step in the |
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394 theano fct will be to transfer the dataset to the gpu before computation. If the data |
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395 change at each call, that will be as efficient as changing the data manually every time |
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396 in the shared variable. |
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397 |
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398 AB: I have an idea about this which kind of fits in the "building a |
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399 theano op" thing that we talked about at the last meeting. |
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400 |
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401 We can just build a theano Op that wraps dataset objects and takes |
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402 care of the details of tranferring data to the GPU or otherwise. |
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403 |
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404 I have a prototype interface/implemantation in the shared_dataset.py |
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405 file in this directory. |
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406 |
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407 OD: I like AB's approach. |
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408 |
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409 |
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410 Data API proposal by Olivier D |
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411 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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412 |
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413 A single sample containing multiple fields (e.g. an input and a target part) |
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414 is an object s that you can manipulate as follows: |
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415 |
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416 .. code-block:: python |
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417 |
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418 # Obtain actual data stored within `s` (e.g. a numpy vector). There is no |
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419 # guarantee that modifying the resulting data object will actually update |
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420 # the data stored in `s`. |
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421 data = s() |
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422 # Create a sample that sees a field of `s`. |
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423 input_part = s.input |
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424 # Obtain actual input data (e.g. as a numpy vector). |
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425 input_data = input_part() |
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426 # Create a sample that sees the i-th element of the data stored in `s`. |
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427 ith = s[i] |
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428 # This should not fail. |
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429 assert ith() == s()[i] |
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430 # You could also select a range. |
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431 i_to_j = s[i:j] |
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432 assert i_to_j() == s()[i:j] |
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433 # And actually do pretty much anything you want with __getitem__, as long |
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434 # as the underlying data stored in the sample supports it (for instance, |
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435 # here it should be at least a 3D tensor). |
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436 fancy_selection = s[i, :, j:k] |
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437 assert fancy_selection() == s()[i, :, j:k] |
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438 # Write some value (e.g. a numpy vector) into the sample. May raise an |
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439 # exception if the sample is in read-only mode. |
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440 s._write(val) |
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441 # Shortcut to write data into a field (same as `s.input._write(val)`). |
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442 s.input = val |
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443 # Basic mathematical operators. |
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444 s *= val |
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445 s += val |
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446 s -= val |
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447 s /= val |
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448 # Replace a field. Note that this is different from `s.input = val` |
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449 # because here `new_input` is a sample, not a numeric value: the current |
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450 # `s.input` will not be written to, instead it makes `s.input` point |
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451 # towards a different sample. This may lead to confusion, so a different |
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452 # syntax may be better (e.g. s._set_field('input', new_input)). |
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453 s.input = new_input |
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454 # The equality of two samples is defined by the equality of their |
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455 # underlying data. |
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456 def __eq__(self, other): |
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457 return self() == other() |
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458 # Iterate on fields (open question: should they be ordered?). |
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459 fields = dict([(name, sample) for name, sample in s._iter_fields()]) |
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460 assert fields['input'] == s.input |
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461 # Iterating on a sample yields samples that see consecutive elements. |
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462 for sample, value in izip(s, s()): |
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463 assert sample() == value |
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464 # The length of a sample is the same as that of its underlying data. |
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465 assert len(s) == len(s()) |
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466 # The shape of a sample is the same as that of its underlying data. |
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467 # Note that it only makes sense for tensor-like data. |
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468 assert s._shape() == s().shape |
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469 # The size of a sample is the product of its shape elements. |
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470 assert s._size() == reduce(operator.__mul__, s._shape()) |
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471 |
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472 All sample methods should start with '_', to differentiate them from the |
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473 sample's fields. This is a bit awkward, but I like the `sample.field` syntax |
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474 compared to something like "sample.get_field('field')", which makes code less |
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475 readable, especially when combining with sub_fields, e.g. `sample.input.x1` |
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476 vs. sample.get_field('input').get_field('x1'). |
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477 |
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478 The extension from sample to dataset is actually to use the same class, but |
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479 with the convention that the first "dimension" in the data seen by the dataset |
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480 corresponds to the samples' indices in the dataset. |
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481 |
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482 .. code-block:: python |
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483 |
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484 # Return data stored in dataset `d` (e.g. a numpy matrix). |
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485 data = d() |
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486 # Return the i-th sample in the dataset. |
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487 s = d[i] |
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488 # Data should match! |
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489 assert data[i] == s() |
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490 # Return a subset of the dataset. |
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491 sub_data = d[i:j] |
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492 # Advanced indexing. |
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493 sub_data = d[some_list_of_indices] |
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494 # Dataset that sees the input part only. |
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495 input_part = d.input |
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496 # Dataset such that its i-th element is data[i][something] (see the sample |
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497 # examples for what `something` may be). |
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498 some_sub_data = d[:, something] |
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499 # The following should not fail. |
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500 assert d[i, something] == d[i][something] # == some_sub_data[i] |
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501 # You can also write into a dataset. |
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502 d._write(val) |
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503 d.input = val |
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504 # Center dataset in-place (requires `d` not to be read-only). |
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505 d -= numpy.mean(d()) |
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506 # The length of a dataset is its number of samples. |
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507 n_samples = len(d) |
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508 # The width of a dataset (if it exists) is the length of its samples. |
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509 assert d._shape()[1] == len(d[0]) # == d._width() (shortcut) |
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510 # Iterating on a dataset yields individual samples. |
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511 for i, sample in enumerate(d): |
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512 assert d[i] == sample |
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513 # It is allowed for a dataset to hold heterogeneous data. For instance |
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514 # you could have |
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515 len(d.data1) != len(d.data2) |
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516 # A sample in the dataset is not required to inherit all the dataset's |
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517 # fields, for instance in the case above you could decide that the dataset |
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518 # sees the same data as its first sub-dataset, i.e. |
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519 d[i] == d.data1[i] |
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520 |
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521 There remain some fuzzy points. For instance, are fields allowed to overlap? |
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522 (e.g. so that one could write both s.pos_3d to get the 3d vector coordinate of |
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523 sample s, and s.x to get the x coordinate without being forced to go through |
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524 s.pos_3d.x). What are the fields of s[i:j] if the (i, j) range does not |
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525 exactly match a subset of fields? How do we handle metadata? (e.g. if we want |
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526 to describe the dataset to say it contains 28x28 image data, so that an |
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527 algorithm for filter visualization can automatically deal with it) |
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528 |
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529 Now, on to some use cases. |
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530 |
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531 .. code-block:: python |
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532 |
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533 # Mini-batches. |
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534 mb_dataset = d._minibatches(batch_size=5) |
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535 # The mini-batch dataset views samples that are mini-batches. |
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536 assert mb_dataset[0]() == d[0:5]() # As long as len(d) >= 5. |
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537 |
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538 # Shuffling samples. |
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539 random_indices = range(len(d)) |
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540 random_indices = numpy.random.shuffle(random_indices) |
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541 shuffled_dataset = d[random_indices] |
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542 |
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543 # Typical linear regression with stochastic gradient descent. |
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544 n_inputs = d.input._width() |
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545 n_targets = d.target._width() |
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546 weights = numpy.zeros((n_inputs, n_targets)) |
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547 bias = numpy.zeros(n_targets) |
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548 mb_dataset = d._minibatches(batch_size=10) |
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549 # Note: it is important to get the number of inputs / targets |
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550 # before converting to minibatches, because |
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551 # mb_dataset.input._width() == 10 |
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552 # since this is the length of a minibatch matrix. However you |
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553 # could still do the following, which is less readable: |
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554 # n_inputs = mb_dataset.input._shape()[2] |
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555 # You could also wait until you see the first sample to create |
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556 # the parameters (this would actually be a better way to do it, since |
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557 # it avoids calling the _width method). |
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558 for input, target in izip(mb_dataset.input, mb_dataset.target): |
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559 cost = (numpy.dot(input(), weights) + b - target())**2 |
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560 # Update weights and bias depending on cost.... |
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561 |
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562 A few more points: |
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563 - Infinite datasets could be used (would just need to define a convention |
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564 on what __len__ should do). |
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565 - It is also ok to have datasets that do not support random access (so the |
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566 only way to access samples is through iteration). |
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567 - Ideally, data should be deterministic (i.e. __call__() should always |
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568 return the same thing). It would probably be up to the user to be super |
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569 careful if he decides to use a non-deterministic dataset. |
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570 - About the "task vs. dataset" distinction. This could be achieved by |
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571 associating to a task the names of the fields it requires (e.g. "input" |
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572 and "target" for the regression task), and if the dataset does not |
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573 already defines these fields, using a dataset wrapper than does it |
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574 (saying for instance that "input" is the concatenation of "x1" and "x2", |
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575 and "target" is "y", for a dataset whose fields are x1, x2 and y). |
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576 |
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577 |
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578 RP comments: |
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579 - I like this approach. I think having overlapping fields might be useful. |
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580 I would add that I was thinking of a way to look at one's results. Is |
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581 something I've been faced with, say you run 500 jobs and then you want to |
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582 understand those jobs' results. Looking just at the best performing seems a waste, and |
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583 there is a lot more information you can extract from your results if you are |
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584 able to generate certain plots or statistics. To do this you would need to |
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585 get the data in ipython (or something quite similar) where you have available |
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586 the needed functions to plot different things, generate different tables. The |
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587 point that I was trying to make is that you can get those results in |
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588 something that has this very API that Olivier described. This way both both |
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589 your input data and your results will be in the same form and whatever |
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590 visualization functions you have for your results you can use on your data as |
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591 well. For this you would need a bit more flexibility, in the sense that if |
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592 you have some data d, you should be able to put constraints on it, like |
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593 d.some_field == 5 means all entries in d that has some_field == 5, or |
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594 d.some_field > 5. You would also not use psql anymore but this console, |
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595 which would collect the results for you from sql, and give them to you as |
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596 data object. |
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597 |
| 1340 | 598 OD replies: Actually this should be doable with (almost) what I wrote above, |
| 599 due to the way numpy redefines ==, >, etc. (which btw should break some of my | |
| 600 assertions above, since I had forgotten about this). If you replace e.g. my | |
| 601 implementation of __eq__ above by the following: | |
| 602 | |
| 603 .. code-block:: python | |
| 604 | |
| 605 def __eq__(self, other): | |
| 606 return other == self() | |
| 607 | |
| 608 Here, `self` is a dataset that represents some numpy vector data. Then whether | |
| 609 `other` is another dataset or a numpy vector or some scalar, this will return | |
| 610 a numpy boolean vector (the result of the comparison made by numpy). We may | |
| 611 support boolean vectors in advanced indexing, so you could do | |
| 612 d[d.some_field == 5] | |
| 613 and obtain the subset of `d` whose samples have `some_field` set to 5. | |
| 614 Same could be done with __lt__, __le__, etc. | |
| 615 |