def rotate_right(v, n):
    """ bit-wise Rotate right n times """
    mask = (2**n) - 1
    mask_bits = v & mask
    return (v >> n) | (mask_bits << (32 - n))

def rotate_left(v, n):
    assert n >= 0
    assert n < 32
    return rotate_right(v, 32 - n)