--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/cos/python/Python/pythonrun.c	Tue Dec 27 18:59:02 2011 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,2270 @@
+
+/* Python interpreter top-level routines, including init/exit */
+
+#include "Python.h"
+
+#include "Python-ast.h"
+#undef Yield /* undefine macro conflicting with winbase.h */
+#include "grammar.h"
+#include "node.h"
+#include "token.h"
+#include "parsetok.h"
+#include "errcode.h"
+#include "code.h"
+#include "symtable.h"
+#include "ast.h"
+#include "marshal.h"
+#include "osdefs.h"
+
+#define PRINT_TOTAL_REFS()
+
+extern wchar_t *Py_GetPath(void);
+
+extern grammar _PyParser_Grammar; /* From graminit.c */
+
+/* Forward */
+static void initmain(void);
+static int initfsencoding(PyInterpreterState *interp);
+static void initsite(void);
+static int initstdio(void);
+static void flush_io(void);
+static PyObject *run_mod(mod_ty, const char *, PyObject *, PyObject *,
+                          PyCompilerFlags *, PyArena *);
+static PyObject *run_pyc_file(FILE *, const char *, PyObject *, PyObject *,
+                              PyCompilerFlags *);
+static void err_input(perrdetail *);
+static void err_free(perrdetail *);
+static void initsigs(void);
+static void call_py_exitfuncs(void);
+static void wait_for_thread_shutdown(void);
+static void call_ll_exitfuncs(void);
+extern int _PyUnicode_Init(void);
+extern void _PyUnicode_Fini(void);
+extern int _PyLong_Init(void);
+extern void PyLong_Fini(void);
+extern int _PyFaulthandler_Init(void);
+extern void _PyFaulthandler_Fini(void);
+
+#ifdef WITH_THREAD
+extern void _PyGILState_Init(PyInterpreterState *, PyThreadState *);
+extern void _PyGILState_Fini(void);
+#endif /* WITH_THREAD */
+
+int Py_DebugFlag; /* Needed by parser.c */
+int Py_VerboseFlag; /* Needed by import.c */
+int Py_QuietFlag; /* Needed by sysmodule.c */
+int Py_InteractiveFlag; /* Needed by Py_FdIsInteractive() below */
+int Py_InspectFlag; /* Needed to determine whether to exit at SystemExit */
+int Py_NoSiteFlag; /* Suppress 'import site' */
+int Py_BytesWarningFlag; /* Warn on str(bytes) and str(buffer) */
+int Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag; /* Suppress writing bytecode files (*.py[co]) */
+int Py_UseClassExceptionsFlag = 1; /* Needed by bltinmodule.c: deprecated */
+int Py_FrozenFlag; /* Needed by getpath.c */
+int Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag; /* e.g. PYTHONPATH, PYTHONHOME */
+int Py_NoUserSiteDirectory = 0; /* for -s and site.py */
+int Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag = 0; /* Unbuffered binary std{in,out,err} */
+
+PyThreadState *_Py_Finalizing = NULL;
+
+/* PyModule_GetWarningsModule is no longer necessary as of 2.6
+since _warnings is builtin.  This API should not be used. */
+PyObject *
+PyModule_GetWarningsModule(void)
+{
+    return PyImport_ImportModule("warnings");
+}
+
+static int initialized = 0;
+
+/* API to access the initialized flag -- useful for esoteric use */
+
+int
+Py_IsInitialized(void)
+{
+    return initialized;
+}
+
+/* Global initializations.  Can be undone by Py_Finalize().  Don't
+   call this twice without an intervening Py_Finalize() call.  When
+   initializations fail, a fatal error is issued and the function does
+   not return.  On return, the first thread and interpreter state have
+   been created.
+
+   Locking: you must hold the interpreter lock while calling this.
+   (If the lock has not yet been initialized, that's equivalent to
+   having the lock, but you cannot use multiple threads.)
+
+*/
+
+static int
+add_flag(int flag, const char *envs)
+{
+    int env = atoi(envs);
+    if (flag < env)
+        flag = env;
+    if (flag < 1)
+        flag = 1;
+    return flag;
+}
+
+static char*
+get_codec_name(const char *encoding)
+{
+    char *name_utf8, *name_str;
+    PyObject *codec, *name = NULL;
+    _Py_IDENTIFIER(name);
+
+    codec = _PyCodec_Lookup(encoding);
+    if (!codec)
+        goto error;
+
+    name = _PyObject_GetAttrId(codec, &PyId_name);
+    Py_CLEAR(codec);
+    if (!name)
+        goto error;
+
+    name_utf8 = _PyUnicode_AsString(name);
+    if (name_utf8 == NULL)
+        goto error;
+    name_str = strdup(name_utf8);
+    Py_DECREF(name);
+    if (name_str == NULL) {
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return name_str;
+
+error:
+    Py_XDECREF(codec);
+    Py_XDECREF(name);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static char*
+get_locale_encoding(void)
+{
+    PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_NotImplementedError);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+void
+Py_InitializeEx(int install_sigs)
+{
+    PyInterpreterState *interp;
+    PyThreadState *tstate;
+    PyObject *bimod, *sysmod, *pstderr;
+    char *p;
+    extern void _Py_ReadyTypes(void);
+
+    if (initialized)
+        return;
+    initialized = 1;
+    _Py_Finalizing = NULL;
+
+    if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONDEBUG")) && *p != '\0')
+        Py_DebugFlag = add_flag(Py_DebugFlag, p);
+    if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONVERBOSE")) && *p != '\0')
+        Py_VerboseFlag = add_flag(Py_VerboseFlag, p);
+    if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONOPTIMIZE")) && *p != '\0')
+        Py_OptimizeFlag = add_flag(Py_OptimizeFlag, p);
+    if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE")) && *p != '\0')
+        Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag = add_flag(Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag, p);
+
+    interp = PyInterpreterState_New();
+    if (interp == NULL)
+        Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't make first interpreter");
+
+    tstate = PyThreadState_New(interp);
+    if (tstate == NULL)
+        Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't make first thread");
+    (void) PyThreadState_Swap(tstate);
+
+#ifdef WITH_THREAD
+    /* We can't call _PyEval_FiniThreads() in Py_Finalize because
+       destroying the GIL might fail when it is being referenced from
+       another running thread (see issue #9901).
+       Instead we destroy the previously created GIL here, which ensures
+       that we can call Py_Initialize / Py_Finalize multiple times. */
+    _PyEval_FiniThreads();
+
+    /* Auto-thread-state API */
+    _PyGILState_Init(interp, tstate);
+#endif /* WITH_THREAD */
+
+    _Py_ReadyTypes();
+
+    if (!_PyFrame_Init())
+        Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't init frames");
+
+    if (!_PyLong_Init())
+        Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't init longs");
+
+    if (!PyByteArray_Init())
+        Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't init bytearray");
+
+    _PyFloat_Init();
+
+    interp->modules = PyDict_New();
+    if (interp->modules == NULL)
+        Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't make modules dictionary");
+    interp->modules_reloading = PyDict_New();
+    if (interp->modules_reloading == NULL)
+        Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't make modules_reloading dictionary");
+
+    /* Init Unicode implementation; relies on the codec registry */
+    if (_PyUnicode_Init() < 0)
+        Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't initialize unicode");
+
+    bimod = _PyBuiltin_Init();
+    if (bimod == NULL)
+        Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't initialize builtins modules");
+    _PyImport_FixupBuiltin(bimod, "builtins");
+    interp->builtins = PyModule_GetDict(bimod);
+    if (interp->builtins == NULL)
+        Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't initialize builtins dict");
+    Py_INCREF(interp->builtins);
+
+    /* initialize builtin exceptions */
+    _PyExc_Init();
+
+    sysmod = _PySys_Init();
+    if (sysmod == NULL)
+        Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't initialize sys");
+    interp->sysdict = PyModule_GetDict(sysmod);
+    if (interp->sysdict == NULL)
+        Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't initialize sys dict");
+    Py_INCREF(interp->sysdict);
+    _PyImport_FixupBuiltin(sysmod, "sys");
+    PySys_SetPath(Py_GetPath());
+    PyDict_SetItemString(interp->sysdict, "modules",
+                         interp->modules);
+
+    /* Set up a preliminary stderr printer until we have enough
+       infrastructure for the io module in place. */
+    pstderr = PyFile_NewStdPrinter(fileno(stderr));
+    if (pstderr == NULL)
+        Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't set preliminary stderr");
+    PySys_SetObject("stderr", pstderr);
+    PySys_SetObject("__stderr__", pstderr);
+    Py_DECREF(pstderr);
+
+    _PyImport_Init();
+
+    _PyImportHooks_Init();
+
+    /* initialize the faulthandler module */
+    if (_PyFaulthandler_Init())
+        Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't initialize faulthandler");
+
+    /* Initialize _warnings. */
+    _PyWarnings_Init();
+
+    _PyTime_Init();
+
+    if (initfsencoding(interp) < 0)
+        Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: unable to load the file system codec");
+
+    if (install_sigs)
+        initsigs(); /* Signal handling stuff, including initintr() */
+
+    initmain(); /* Module __main__ */
+    if (initstdio() < 0)
+        Py_FatalError(
+            "Py_Initialize: can't initialize sys standard streams");
+
+    /* Initialize warnings. */
+    if (PySys_HasWarnOptions()) {
+        PyObject *warnings_module = PyImport_ImportModule("warnings");
+        if (warnings_module == NULL) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "'import warnings' failed; traceback:\n");
+            PyErr_Print();
+        }
+        Py_XDECREF(warnings_module);
+    }
+
+    if (!Py_NoSiteFlag)
+        initsite(); /* Module site */
+}
+
+void
+Py_Initialize(void)
+{
+    Py_InitializeEx(1);
+}
+
+/* Flush stdout and stderr */
+
+static int
+file_is_closed(PyObject *fobj)
+{
+    int r;
+    PyObject *tmp = PyObject_GetAttrString(fobj, "closed");
+    if (tmp == NULL) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        return 0;
+    }
+    r = PyObject_IsTrue(tmp);
+    Py_DECREF(tmp);
+    if (r < 0)
+        PyErr_Clear();
+    return r > 0;
+}
+
+static void
+flush_std_files(void)
+{
+    PyObject *fout = PySys_GetObject("stdout");
+    PyObject *ferr = PySys_GetObject("stderr");
+    PyObject *tmp;
+    _Py_IDENTIFIER(flush);
+
+    if (fout != NULL && fout != Py_None && !file_is_closed(fout)) {
+        tmp = _PyObject_CallMethodId(fout, &PyId_flush, "");
+        if (tmp == NULL)
+            PyErr_WriteUnraisable(fout);
+        else
+            Py_DECREF(tmp);
+    }
+
+    if (ferr != NULL && ferr != Py_None && !file_is_closed(ferr)) {
+        tmp = _PyObject_CallMethodId(ferr, &PyId_flush, "");
+        if (tmp == NULL)
+            PyErr_Clear();
+        else
+            Py_DECREF(tmp);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Undo the effect of Py_Initialize().
+
+   Beware: if multiple interpreter and/or thread states exist, these
+   are not wiped out; only the current thread and interpreter state
+   are deleted.  But since everything else is deleted, those other
+   interpreter and thread states should no longer be used.
+
+   (XXX We should do better, e.g. wipe out all interpreters and
+   threads.)
+
+   Locking: as above.
+
+*/
+
+void
+Py_Finalize(void)
+{
+    PyInterpreterState *interp;
+    PyThreadState *tstate;
+
+    if (!initialized)
+        return;
+
+    wait_for_thread_shutdown();
+
+    /* The interpreter is still entirely intact at this point, and the
+     * exit funcs may be relying on that.  In particular, if some thread
+     * or exit func is still waiting to do an import, the import machinery
+     * expects Py_IsInitialized() to return true.  So don't say the
+     * interpreter is uninitialized until after the exit funcs have run.
+     * Note that Threading.py uses an exit func to do a join on all the
+     * threads created thru it, so this also protects pending imports in
+     * the threads created via Threading.
+     */
+    call_py_exitfuncs();
+
+    /* Get current thread state and interpreter pointer */
+    tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
+    interp = tstate->interp;
+
+    /* Remaining threads (e.g. daemon threads) will automatically exit
+       after taking the GIL (in PyEval_RestoreThread()). */
+    _Py_Finalizing = tstate;
+    initialized = 0;
+
+    /* Flush stdout+stderr */
+    flush_std_files();
+
+    /* Disable signal handling */
+    PyOS_FiniInterrupts();
+
+    /* Clear type lookup cache */
+    PyType_ClearCache();
+
+    /* Collect garbage.  This may call finalizers; it's nice to call these
+     * before all modules are destroyed.
+     * XXX If a __del__ or weakref callback is triggered here, and tries to
+     * XXX import a module, bad things can happen, because Python no
+     * XXX longer believes it's initialized.
+     * XXX     Fatal Python error: Interpreter not initialized (version mismatch?)
+     * XXX is easy to provoke that way.  I've also seen, e.g.,
+     * XXX     Exception exceptions.ImportError: 'No module named sha'
+     * XXX         in <function callback at 0x008F5718> ignored
+     * XXX but I'm unclear on exactly how that one happens.  In any case,
+     * XXX I haven't seen a real-life report of either of these.
+     */
+    PyGC_Collect();
+    /* We run this while most interpreter state is still alive, so that
+       debug information can be printed out */
+    _PyGC_Fini();
+
+    /* Destroy all modules */
+    PyImport_Cleanup();
+
+    /* Flush stdout+stderr (again, in case more was printed) */
+    flush_std_files();
+
+    /* Collect final garbage.  This disposes of cycles created by
+     * new-style class definitions, for example.
+     * XXX This is disabled because it caused too many problems.  If
+     * XXX a __del__ or weakref callback triggers here, Python code has
+     * XXX a hard time running, because even the sys module has been
+     * XXX cleared out (sys.stdout is gone, sys.excepthook is gone, etc).
+     * XXX One symptom is a sequence of information-free messages
+     * XXX coming from threads (if a __del__ or callback is invoked,
+     * XXX other threads can execute too, and any exception they encounter
+     * XXX triggers a comedy of errors as subsystem after subsystem
+     * XXX fails to find what it *expects* to find in sys to help report
+     * XXX the exception and consequent unexpected failures).  I've also
+     * XXX seen segfaults then, after adding print statements to the
+     * XXX Python code getting called.
+     */
+
+    /* Destroy the database used by _PyImport_{Fixup,Find}Extension */
+    _PyImport_Fini();
+
+    /* unload faulthandler module */
+    _PyFaulthandler_Fini();
+
+    /* Clear interpreter state */
+    PyInterpreterState_Clear(interp);
+
+    /* Now we decref the exception classes.  After this point nothing
+       can raise an exception.  That's okay, because each Fini() method
+       below has been checked to make sure no exceptions are ever
+       raised.
+    */
+
+    _PyExc_Fini();
+
+    /* Cleanup auto-thread-state */
+#ifdef WITH_THREAD
+    _PyGILState_Fini();
+#endif /* WITH_THREAD */
+
+    /* Delete current thread */
+    PyThreadState_Swap(NULL);
+    PyInterpreterState_Delete(interp);
+
+    /* Sundry finalizers */
+    PyMethod_Fini();
+    PyFrame_Fini();
+    PyCFunction_Fini();
+    PyTuple_Fini();
+    PyList_Fini();
+    PySet_Fini();
+    PyBytes_Fini();
+    PyByteArray_Fini();
+    PyLong_Fini();
+    PyFloat_Fini();
+    PyDict_Fini();
+    PySlice_Fini();
+
+    /* Cleanup Unicode implementation */
+    _PyUnicode_Fini();
+
+    /* reset file system default encoding */
+    if (!Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding && Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding) {
+        free((char*)Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding);
+        Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding = NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* XXX Still allocated:
+       - various static ad-hoc pointers to interned strings
+       - int and float free list blocks
+       - whatever various modules and libraries allocate
+    */
+
+    PyGrammar_RemoveAccelerators(&_PyParser_Grammar);
+
+    call_ll_exitfuncs();
+}
+
+/* Create and initialize a new interpreter and thread, and return the
+   new thread.  This requires that Py_Initialize() has been called
+   first.
+
+   Unsuccessful initialization yields a NULL pointer.  Note that *no*
+   exception information is available even in this case -- the
+   exception information is held in the thread, and there is no
+   thread.
+
+   Locking: as above.
+
+*/
+
+PyThreadState *
+Py_NewInterpreter(void)
+{
+    PyInterpreterState *interp;
+    PyThreadState *tstate, *save_tstate;
+    PyObject *bimod, *sysmod;
+
+    if (!initialized)
+        Py_FatalError("Py_NewInterpreter: call Py_Initialize first");
+
+    interp = PyInterpreterState_New();
+    if (interp == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    tstate = PyThreadState_New(interp);
+    if (tstate == NULL) {
+        PyInterpreterState_Delete(interp);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    save_tstate = PyThreadState_Swap(tstate);
+
+    /* XXX The following is lax in error checking */
+
+    interp->modules = PyDict_New();
+    interp->modules_reloading = PyDict_New();
+
+    bimod = _PyImport_FindBuiltin("builtins");
+    if (bimod != NULL) {
+        interp->builtins = PyModule_GetDict(bimod);
+        if (interp->builtins == NULL)
+            goto handle_error;
+        Py_INCREF(interp->builtins);
+    }
+
+    /* initialize builtin exceptions */
+    _PyExc_Init();
+
+    sysmod = _PyImport_FindBuiltin("sys");
+    if (bimod != NULL && sysmod != NULL) {
+        PyObject *pstderr;
+        interp->sysdict = PyModule_GetDict(sysmod);
+        if (interp->sysdict == NULL)
+            goto handle_error;
+        Py_INCREF(interp->sysdict);
+        PySys_SetPath(Py_GetPath());
+        PyDict_SetItemString(interp->sysdict, "modules",
+                             interp->modules);
+        /* Set up a preliminary stderr printer until we have enough
+           infrastructure for the io module in place. */
+        pstderr = PyFile_NewStdPrinter(fileno(stderr));
+        if (pstderr == NULL)
+            Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't set preliminary stderr");
+        PySys_SetObject("stderr", pstderr);
+        PySys_SetObject("__stderr__", pstderr);
+        Py_DECREF(pstderr);
+
+        _PyImportHooks_Init();
+
+        if (initfsencoding(interp) < 0)
+            goto handle_error;
+
+        if (initstdio() < 0)
+            Py_FatalError(
+            "Py_Initialize: can't initialize sys standard streams");
+        initmain();
+        if (!Py_NoSiteFlag)
+            initsite();
+    }
+
+    if (!PyErr_Occurred())
+        return tstate;
+
+handle_error:
+    /* Oops, it didn't work.  Undo it all. */
+
+    PyErr_PrintEx(0);
+    PyThreadState_Clear(tstate);
+    PyThreadState_Swap(save_tstate);
+    PyThreadState_Delete(tstate);
+    PyInterpreterState_Delete(interp);
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Delete an interpreter and its last thread.  This requires that the
+   given thread state is current, that the thread has no remaining
+   frames, and that it is its interpreter's only remaining thread.
+   It is a fatal error to violate these constraints.
+
+   (Py_Finalize() doesn't have these constraints -- it zaps
+   everything, regardless.)
+
+   Locking: as above.
+
+*/
+
+void
+Py_EndInterpreter(PyThreadState *tstate)
+{
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;
+
+    if (tstate != PyThreadState_GET())
+        Py_FatalError("Py_EndInterpreter: thread is not current");
+    if (tstate->frame != NULL)
+        Py_FatalError("Py_EndInterpreter: thread still has a frame");
+    if (tstate != interp->tstate_head || tstate->next != NULL)
+        Py_FatalError("Py_EndInterpreter: not the last thread");
+
+    PyImport_Cleanup();
+    PyInterpreterState_Clear(interp);
+    PyThreadState_Swap(NULL);
+    PyInterpreterState_Delete(interp);
+}
+
+static wchar_t *progname = L"python";
+
+void
+Py_SetProgramName(wchar_t *pn)
+{
+    if (pn && *pn)
+        progname = pn;
+}
+
+wchar_t *
+Py_GetProgramName(void)
+{
+    return progname;
+}
+
+static wchar_t *default_home = NULL;
+static wchar_t env_home[PATH_MAX+1];
+
+void
+Py_SetPythonHome(wchar_t *home)
+{
+    default_home = home;
+}
+
+wchar_t *
+Py_GetPythonHome(void)
+{
+    wchar_t *home = default_home;
+    if (home == NULL && !Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag) {
+        char* chome = Py_GETENV("PYTHONHOME");
+        if (chome) {
+            size_t r = mbstowcs(env_home, chome, PATH_MAX+1);
+            if (r != (size_t)-1 && r <= PATH_MAX)
+                home = env_home;
+        }
+
+    }
+    return home;
+}
+
+/* Create __main__ module */
+
+static void
+initmain(void)
+{
+    PyObject *m, *d;
+    m = PyImport_AddModule("__main__");
+    if (m == NULL)
+        Py_FatalError("can't create __main__ module");
+    d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
+    if (PyDict_GetItemString(d, "__builtins__") == NULL) {
+        PyObject *bimod = PyImport_ImportModule("builtins");
+        if (bimod == NULL ||
+            PyDict_SetItemString(d, "__builtins__", bimod) != 0)
+            Py_FatalError("can't add __builtins__ to __main__");
+        Py_DECREF(bimod);
+    }
+}
+
+static int
+initfsencoding(PyInterpreterState *interp)
+{
+    PyObject *codec;
+
+    if (Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding == NULL)
+    {
+        Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding = get_locale_encoding();
+        if (Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding == NULL)
+            Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: Unable to get the locale encoding");
+
+        Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding = 0;
+        interp->fscodec_initialized = 1;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* the encoding is mbcs, utf-8 or ascii */
+    codec = _PyCodec_Lookup(Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding);
+    if (!codec) {
+        /* Such error can only occurs in critical situations: no more
+         * memory, import a module of the standard library failed,
+         * etc. */
+        return -1;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(codec);
+    interp->fscodec_initialized = 1;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* Import the site module (not into __main__ though) */
+
+static void
+initsite(void)
+{
+    PyObject *m;
+    m = PyImport_ImportModule("site");
+    if (m == NULL) {
+        PyErr_Print();
+        Py_Finalize();
+        exit(1);
+    }
+    else {
+        Py_DECREF(m);
+    }
+}
+
+static PyObject*
+create_stdio(PyObject* io,
+    int fd, int write_mode, char* name,
+    char* encoding, char* errors)
+{
+    PyObject *buf = NULL, *stream = NULL, *text = NULL, *raw = NULL, *res;
+    const char* mode;
+    const char* newline;
+    PyObject *line_buffering;
+    int buffering, isatty;
+    _Py_IDENTIFIER(open);
+    _Py_IDENTIFIER(isatty);
+    _Py_IDENTIFIER(TextIOWrapper);
+    _Py_IDENTIFIER(name);
+    _Py_IDENTIFIER(mode);
+
+    /* stdin is always opened in buffered mode, first because it shouldn't
+       make a difference in common use cases, second because TextIOWrapper
+       depends on the presence of a read1() method which only exists on
+       buffered streams.
+    */
+    if (Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag && write_mode)
+        buffering = 0;
+    else
+        buffering = -1;
+    if (write_mode)
+        mode = "wb";
+    else
+        mode = "rb";
+    buf = _PyObject_CallMethodId(io, &PyId_open, "isiOOOi",
+                                 fd, mode, buffering,
+                                 Py_None, Py_None, Py_None, 0);
+    if (buf == NULL)
+        goto error;
+
+    if (buffering) {
+        _Py_IDENTIFIER(raw);
+        raw = _PyObject_GetAttrId(buf, &PyId_raw);
+        if (raw == NULL)
+            goto error;
+    }
+    else {
+        raw = buf;
+        Py_INCREF(raw);
+    }
+
+    text = PyUnicode_FromString(name);
+    if (text == NULL || _PyObject_SetAttrId(raw, &PyId_name, text) < 0)
+        goto error;
+    res = _PyObject_CallMethodId(raw, &PyId_isatty, "");
+    if (res == NULL)
+        goto error;
+    isatty = PyObject_IsTrue(res);
+    Py_DECREF(res);
+    if (isatty == -1)
+        goto error;
+    if (isatty || Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag)
+        line_buffering = Py_True;
+    else
+        line_buffering = Py_False;
+
+    Py_CLEAR(raw);
+    Py_CLEAR(text);
+
+    newline = "\n";
+
+    stream = _PyObject_CallMethodId(io, &PyId_TextIOWrapper, "OsssO",
+                                    buf, encoding, errors,
+                                    newline, line_buffering);
+    Py_CLEAR(buf);
+    if (stream == NULL)
+        goto error;
+
+    if (write_mode)
+        mode = "w";
+    else
+        mode = "r";
+    text = PyUnicode_FromString(mode);
+    if (!text || _PyObject_SetAttrId(stream, &PyId_mode, text) < 0)
+        goto error;
+    Py_CLEAR(text);
+    return stream;
+
+error:
+    Py_XDECREF(buf);
+    Py_XDECREF(stream);
+    Py_XDECREF(text);
+    Py_XDECREF(raw);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static int
+is_valid_fd(int fd)
+{
+    int dummy_fd;
+    if (fd < 0 || !_PyVerify_fd(fd))
+        return 0;
+    dummy_fd = dup(fd);
+    if (dummy_fd < 0)
+        return 0;
+    close(dummy_fd);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/* Initialize sys.stdin, stdout, stderr and builtins.open */
+static int
+initstdio(void)
+{
+    PyObject *iomod = NULL, *wrapper;
+    PyObject *bimod = NULL;
+    PyObject *m;
+    PyObject *std = NULL;
+    int status = 0, fd;
+    PyObject * encoding_attr;
+    char *encoding = NULL, *errors;
+
+    /* Hack to avoid a nasty recursion issue when Python is invoked
+       in verbose mode: pre-import the Latin-1 and UTF-8 codecs */
+    if ((m = PyImport_ImportModule("encodings.utf_8")) == NULL) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(m);
+
+    if (!(m = PyImport_ImportModule("encodings.latin_1"))) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(m);
+
+    if (!(bimod = PyImport_ImportModule("builtins"))) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    if (!(iomod = PyImport_ImportModule("io"))) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+    if (!(wrapper = PyObject_GetAttrString(iomod, "OpenWrapper"))) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    /* Set builtins.open */
+    if (PyObject_SetAttrString(bimod, "open", wrapper) == -1) {
+        Py_DECREF(wrapper);
+        goto error;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(wrapper);
+
+    encoding = Py_GETENV("PYTHONIOENCODING");
+    errors = NULL;
+    if (encoding) {
+        encoding = strdup(encoding);
+        errors = strchr(encoding, ':');
+        if (errors) {
+            *errors = '\0';
+            errors++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Set sys.stdin */
+    fd = fileno(stdin);
+    /* Under some conditions stdin, stdout and stderr may not be connected
+     * and fileno() may point to an invalid file descriptor. For example
+     * GUI apps don't have valid standard streams by default.
+     */
+    if (!is_valid_fd(fd)) {
+        std = Py_None;
+        Py_INCREF(std);
+    }
+    else {
+        std = create_stdio(iomod, fd, 0, "<stdin>", encoding, errors);
+        if (std == NULL)
+            goto error;
+    } /* if (fd < 0) */
+    PySys_SetObject("__stdin__", std);
+    PySys_SetObject("stdin", std);
+    Py_DECREF(std);
+
+    /* Set sys.stdout */
+    fd = fileno(stdout);
+    if (!is_valid_fd(fd)) {
+        std = Py_None;
+        Py_INCREF(std);
+    }
+    else {
+        std = create_stdio(iomod, fd, 1, "<stdout>", encoding, errors);
+        if (std == NULL)
+            goto error;
+    } /* if (fd < 0) */
+    PySys_SetObject("__stdout__", std);
+    PySys_SetObject("stdout", std);
+    Py_DECREF(std);
+
+#if 1 /* Disable this if you have trouble debugging bootstrap stuff */
+    /* Set sys.stderr, replaces the preliminary stderr */
+    fd = fileno(stderr);
+    if (!is_valid_fd(fd)) {
+        std = Py_None;
+        Py_INCREF(std);
+    }
+    else {
+        std = create_stdio(iomod, fd, 1, "<stderr>", encoding, "backslashreplace");
+        if (std == NULL)
+            goto error;
+    } /* if (fd < 0) */
+
+    /* Same as hack above, pre-import stderr's codec to avoid recursion
+       when import.c tries to write to stderr in verbose mode. */
+    encoding_attr = PyObject_GetAttrString(std, "encoding");
+    if (encoding_attr != NULL) {
+        const char * encoding;
+        encoding = _PyUnicode_AsString(encoding_attr);
+        if (encoding != NULL) {
+            _PyCodec_Lookup(encoding);
+        }
+        Py_DECREF(encoding_attr);
+    }
+    PyErr_Clear();  /* Not a fatal error if codec isn't available */
+
+    PySys_SetObject("__stderr__", std);
+    PySys_SetObject("stderr", std);
+    Py_DECREF(std);
+#endif
+
+    if (0) {
+  error:
+        status = -1;
+    }
+
+    if (encoding)
+        free(encoding);
+    Py_XDECREF(bimod);
+    Py_XDECREF(iomod);
+    return status;
+}
+
+/* Parse input from a file and execute it */
+
+int
+PyRun_AnyFileExFlags(FILE *fp, const char *filename, int closeit,
+                     PyCompilerFlags *flags)
+{
+    if (filename == NULL)
+        filename = "???";
+    if (Py_FdIsInteractive(fp, filename)) {
+        int err = PyRun_InteractiveLoopFlags(fp, filename, flags);
+        if (closeit)
+            fclose(fp);
+        return err;
+    }
+    else
+        return PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags(fp, filename, closeit, flags);
+}
+
+int
+PyRun_InteractiveLoopFlags(FILE *fp, const char *filename, PyCompilerFlags *flags)
+{
+    PyObject *v;
+    int ret;
+    PyCompilerFlags local_flags;
+
+    if (flags == NULL) {
+        flags = &local_flags;
+        local_flags.cf_flags = 0;
+    }
+    v = PySys_GetObject("ps1");
+    if (v == NULL) {
+        PySys_SetObject("ps1", v = PyUnicode_FromString(">>> "));
+        Py_XDECREF(v);
+    }
+    v = PySys_GetObject("ps2");
+    if (v == NULL) {
+        PySys_SetObject("ps2", v = PyUnicode_FromString("... "));
+        Py_XDECREF(v);
+    }
+    for (;;) {
+        ret = PyRun_InteractiveOneFlags(fp, filename, flags);
+        PRINT_TOTAL_REFS();
+        if (ret == E_EOF)
+            return 0;
+        /*
+        if (ret == E_NOMEM)
+            return -1;
+        */
+    }
+}
+
+/* compute parser flags based on compiler flags */
+static int PARSER_FLAGS(PyCompilerFlags *flags)
+{
+    int parser_flags = 0;
+    if (!flags)
+        return 0;
+    if (flags->cf_flags & PyCF_DONT_IMPLY_DEDENT)
+        parser_flags |= PyPARSE_DONT_IMPLY_DEDENT;
+    if (flags->cf_flags & PyCF_IGNORE_COOKIE)
+        parser_flags |= PyPARSE_IGNORE_COOKIE;
+    if (flags->cf_flags & CO_FUTURE_BARRY_AS_BDFL)
+        parser_flags |= PyPARSE_BARRY_AS_BDFL;
+    return parser_flags;
+}
+
+int
+PyRun_InteractiveOneFlags(FILE *fp, const char *filename, PyCompilerFlags *flags)
+{
+    PyObject *m, *d, *v, *w, *oenc = NULL;
+    mod_ty mod;
+    PyArena *arena;
+    char *ps1 = "", *ps2 = "", *enc = NULL;
+    int errcode = 0;
+    _Py_IDENTIFIER(encoding);
+
+    if (fp == stdin) {
+        /* Fetch encoding from sys.stdin */
+        v = PySys_GetObject("stdin");
+        if (v == NULL || v == Py_None)
+            return -1;
+        oenc = _PyObject_GetAttrId(v, &PyId_encoding);
+        if (!oenc)
+            return -1;
+        enc = _PyUnicode_AsString(oenc);
+        if (enc == NULL)
+            return -1;
+    }
+    v = PySys_GetObject("ps1");
+    if (v != NULL) {
+        v = PyObject_Str(v);
+        if (v == NULL)
+            PyErr_Clear();
+        else if (PyUnicode_Check(v)) {
+            ps1 = _PyUnicode_AsString(v);
+            if (ps1 == NULL) {
+                PyErr_Clear();
+                ps1 = "";
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    w = PySys_GetObject("ps2");
+    if (w != NULL) {
+        w = PyObject_Str(w);
+        if (w == NULL)
+            PyErr_Clear();
+        else if (PyUnicode_Check(w)) {
+            ps2 = _PyUnicode_AsString(w);
+            if (ps2 == NULL) {
+                PyErr_Clear();
+                ps2 = "";
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    arena = PyArena_New();
+    if (arena == NULL) {
+        Py_XDECREF(v);
+        Py_XDECREF(w);
+        Py_XDECREF(oenc);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    mod = PyParser_ASTFromFile(fp, filename, enc,
+                               Py_single_input, ps1, ps2,
+                               flags, &errcode, arena);
+    Py_XDECREF(v);
+    Py_XDECREF(w);
+    Py_XDECREF(oenc);
+    if (mod == NULL) {
+        PyArena_Free(arena);
+        if (errcode == E_EOF) {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+            return E_EOF;
+        }
+        PyErr_Print();
+        return -1;
+    }
+    m = PyImport_AddModule("__main__");
+    if (m == NULL) {
+        PyArena_Free(arena);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
+    v = run_mod(mod, filename, d, d, flags, arena);
+    PyArena_Free(arena);
+    flush_io();
+    if (v == NULL) {
+        PyErr_Print();
+        return -1;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(v);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* Check whether a file maybe a pyc file: Look at the extension,
+   the file type, and, if we may close it, at the first few bytes. */
+
+static int
+maybe_pyc_file(FILE *fp, const char* filename, const char* ext, int closeit)
+{
+    if (strcmp(ext, ".pyc") == 0 || strcmp(ext, ".pyo") == 0)
+        return 1;
+
+    /* Only look into the file if we are allowed to close it, since
+       it then should also be seekable. */
+    if (closeit) {
+        /* Read only two bytes of the magic. If the file was opened in
+           text mode, the bytes 3 and 4 of the magic (\r\n) might not
+           be read as they are on disk. */
+        unsigned int halfmagic = PyImport_GetMagicNumber() & 0xFFFF;
+        unsigned char buf[2];
+        /* Mess:  In case of -x, the stream is NOT at its start now,
+           and ungetc() was used to push back the first newline,
+           which makes the current stream position formally undefined,
+           and a x-platform nightmare.
+           Unfortunately, we have no direct way to know whether -x
+           was specified.  So we use a terrible hack:  if the current
+           stream position is not 0, we assume -x was specified, and
+           give up.  Bug 132850 on SourceForge spells out the
+           hopelessness of trying anything else (fseek and ftell
+           don't work predictably x-platform for text-mode files).
+        */
+        int ispyc = 0;
+        if (ftell(fp) == 0) {
+            if (fread(buf, 1, 2, fp) == 2 &&
+                ((unsigned int)buf[1]<<8 | buf[0]) == halfmagic)
+                ispyc = 1;
+            rewind(fp);
+        }
+        return ispyc;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int
+PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags(FILE *fp, const char *filename, int closeit,
+                        PyCompilerFlags *flags)
+{
+    PyObject *m, *d, *v;
+    const char *ext;
+    int set_file_name = 0, ret;
+    size_t len;
+
+    m = PyImport_AddModule("__main__");
+    if (m == NULL)
+        return -1;
+    d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
+    if (PyDict_GetItemString(d, "__file__") == NULL) {
+        PyObject *f;
+        f = PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault(filename);
+        if (f == NULL)
+            return -1;
+        if (PyDict_SetItemString(d, "__file__", f) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(f);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if (PyDict_SetItemString(d, "__cached__", Py_None) < 0) {
+            Py_DECREF(f);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        set_file_name = 1;
+        Py_DECREF(f);
+    }
+    len = strlen(filename);
+    ext = filename + len - (len > 4 ? 4 : 0);
+    if (maybe_pyc_file(fp, filename, ext, closeit)) {
+        /* Try to run a pyc file. First, re-open in binary */
+        if (closeit)
+            fclose(fp);
+        if ((fp = fopen(filename, "rb")) == NULL) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "python: Can't reopen .pyc file\n");
+            ret = -1;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        /* Turn on optimization if a .pyo file is given */
+        if (strcmp(ext, ".pyo") == 0)
+            Py_OptimizeFlag = 1;
+        v = run_pyc_file(fp, filename, d, d, flags);
+    } else {
+        v = PyRun_FileExFlags(fp, filename, Py_file_input, d, d,
+                              closeit, flags);
+    }
+    flush_io();
+    if (v == NULL) {
+        PyErr_Print();
+        ret = -1;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(v);
+    ret = 0;
+  done:
+    if (set_file_name && PyDict_DelItemString(d, "__file__"))
+        PyErr_Clear();
+    return ret;
+}
+
+int
+PyRun_SimpleStringFlags(const char *command, PyCompilerFlags *flags)
+{
+    PyObject *m, *d, *v;
+    m = PyImport_AddModule("__main__");
+    if (m == NULL)
+        return -1;
+    d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
+    v = PyRun_StringFlags(command, Py_file_input, d, d, flags);
+    if (v == NULL) {
+        PyErr_Print();
+        return -1;
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(v);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+parse_syntax_error(PyObject *err, PyObject **message, const char **filename,
+                   int *lineno, int *offset, const char **text)
+{
+    long hold;
+    PyObject *v;
+    _Py_IDENTIFIER(msg);
+    _Py_IDENTIFIER(filename);
+    _Py_IDENTIFIER(lineno);
+    _Py_IDENTIFIER(offset);
+    _Py_IDENTIFIER(text);
+
+    /* old style errors */
+    if (PyTuple_Check(err))
+        return PyArg_ParseTuple(err, "O(ziiz)", message, filename,
+                                lineno, offset, text);
+
+    /* new style errors.  `err' is an instance */
+
+    if (! (v = _PyObject_GetAttrId(err, &PyId_msg)))
+        goto finally;
+    *message = v;
+
+    if (!(v = _PyObject_GetAttrId(err, &PyId_filename)))
+        goto finally;
+    if (v == Py_None)
+        *filename = NULL;
+    else if (! (*filename = _PyUnicode_AsString(v)))
+        goto finally;
+
+    Py_DECREF(v);
+    if (!(v = _PyObject_GetAttrId(err, &PyId_lineno)))
+        goto finally;
+    hold = PyLong_AsLong(v);
+    Py_DECREF(v);
+    v = NULL;
+    if (hold < 0 && PyErr_Occurred())
+        goto finally;
+    *lineno = (int)hold;
+
+    if (!(v = _PyObject_GetAttrId(err, &PyId_offset)))
+        goto finally;
+    if (v == Py_None) {
+        *offset = -1;
+        Py_DECREF(v);
+        v = NULL;
+    } else {
+        hold = PyLong_AsLong(v);
+        Py_DECREF(v);
+        v = NULL;
+        if (hold < 0 && PyErr_Occurred())
+            goto finally;
+        *offset = (int)hold;
+    }
+
+    if (!(v = _PyObject_GetAttrId(err, &PyId_text)))
+        goto finally;
+    if (v == Py_None)
+        *text = NULL;
+    else if (!PyUnicode_Check(v) ||
+             !(*text = _PyUnicode_AsString(v)))
+        goto finally;
+    Py_DECREF(v);
+    return 1;
+
+finally:
+    Py_XDECREF(v);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void
+PyErr_Print(void)
+{
+    PyErr_PrintEx(1);
+}
+
+static void
+print_error_text(PyObject *f, int offset, const char *text)
+{
+    char *nl;
+    if (offset >= 0) {
+        if (offset > 0 && offset == strlen(text) && text[offset - 1] == '\n')
+            offset--;
+        for (;;) {
+            nl = strchr(text, '\n');
+            if (nl == NULL || nl-text >= offset)
+                break;
+            offset -= (int)(nl+1-text);
+            text = nl+1;
+        }
+        while (*text == ' ' || *text == '\t') {
+            text++;
+            offset--;
+        }
+    }
+    PyFile_WriteString("    ", f);
+    PyFile_WriteString(text, f);
+    if (*text == '\0' || text[strlen(text)-1] != '\n')
+        PyFile_WriteString("\n", f);
+    if (offset == -1)
+        return;
+    PyFile_WriteString("    ", f);
+    while (--offset > 0)
+        PyFile_WriteString(" ", f);
+    PyFile_WriteString("^\n", f);
+}
+
+static void
+handle_system_exit(void)
+{
+    PyObject *exception, *value, *tb;
+    int exitcode = 0;
+
+    if (Py_InspectFlag)
+        /* Don't exit if -i flag was given. This flag is set to 0
+         * when entering interactive mode for inspecting. */
+        return;
+
+    PyErr_Fetch(&exception, &value, &tb);
+    fflush(stdout);
+    if (value == NULL || value == Py_None)
+        goto done;
+    if (PyExceptionInstance_Check(value)) {
+        /* The error code should be in the `code' attribute. */
+        _Py_IDENTIFIER(code);
+        PyObject *code = _PyObject_GetAttrId(value, &PyId_code);
+        if (code) {
+            Py_DECREF(value);
+            value = code;
+            if (value == Py_None)
+                goto done;
+        }
+        /* If we failed to dig out the 'code' attribute,
+           just let the else clause below print the error. */
+    }
+    if (PyLong_Check(value))
+        exitcode = (int)PyLong_AsLong(value);
+    else {
+        PyObject *sys_stderr = PySys_GetObject("stderr");
+        if (sys_stderr != NULL && sys_stderr != Py_None) {
+            PyFile_WriteObject(value, sys_stderr, Py_PRINT_RAW);
+        } else {
+            PyObject_Print(value, stderr, Py_PRINT_RAW);
+            fflush(stderr);
+        }
+        PySys_WriteStderr("\n");
+        exitcode = 1;
+    }
+ done:
+    /* Restore and clear the exception info, in order to properly decref
+     * the exception, value, and traceback.      If we just exit instead,
+     * these leak, which confuses PYTHONDUMPREFS output, and may prevent
+     * some finalizers from running.
+     */
+    PyErr_Restore(exception, value, tb);
+    PyErr_Clear();
+    Py_Exit(exitcode);
+    /* NOTREACHED */
+}
+
+void
+PyErr_PrintEx(int set_sys_last_vars)
+{
+    PyObject *exception, *v, *tb, *hook;
+
+    if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_SystemExit)) {
+        handle_system_exit();
+    }
+    PyErr_Fetch(&exception, &v, &tb);
+    if (exception == NULL)
+        return;
+    PyErr_NormalizeException(&exception, &v, &tb);
+    if (tb == NULL) {
+        tb = Py_None;
+        Py_INCREF(tb);
+    }
+    PyException_SetTraceback(v, tb);
+    if (exception == NULL)
+        return;
+    /* Now we know v != NULL too */
+    if (set_sys_last_vars) {
+        PySys_SetObject("last_type", exception);
+        PySys_SetObject("last_value", v);
+        PySys_SetObject("last_traceback", tb);
+    }
+    hook = PySys_GetObject("excepthook");
+    if (hook) {
+        PyObject *args = PyTuple_Pack(3, exception, v, tb);
+        PyObject *result = PyEval_CallObject(hook, args);
+        if (result == NULL) {
+            PyObject *exception2, *v2, *tb2;
+            if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_SystemExit)) {
+                handle_system_exit();
+            }
+            PyErr_Fetch(&exception2, &v2, &tb2);
+            PyErr_NormalizeException(&exception2, &v2, &tb2);
+            /* It should not be possible for exception2 or v2
+               to be NULL. However PyErr_Display() can't
+               tolerate NULLs, so just be safe. */
+            if (exception2 == NULL) {
+                exception2 = Py_None;
+                Py_INCREF(exception2);
+            }
+            if (v2 == NULL) {
+                v2 = Py_None;
+                Py_INCREF(v2);
+            }
+            fflush(stdout);
+            PySys_WriteStderr("Error in sys.excepthook:\n");
+            PyErr_Display(exception2, v2, tb2);
+            PySys_WriteStderr("\nOriginal exception was:\n");
+            PyErr_Display(exception, v, tb);
+            Py_DECREF(exception2);
+            Py_DECREF(v2);
+            Py_XDECREF(tb2);
+        }
+        Py_XDECREF(result);
+        Py_XDECREF(args);
+    } else {
+        PySys_WriteStderr("sys.excepthook is missing\n");
+        PyErr_Display(exception, v, tb);
+    }
+    Py_XDECREF(exception);
+    Py_XDECREF(v);
+    Py_XDECREF(tb);
+}
+
+static void
+print_exception(PyObject *f, PyObject *value)
+{
+    int err = 0;
+    PyObject *type, *tb;
+    _Py_IDENTIFIER(print_file_and_line);
+
+    if (!PyExceptionInstance_Check(value)) {
+        PyFile_WriteString("TypeError: print_exception(): Exception expected for value, ", f);
+        PyFile_WriteString(Py_TYPE(value)->tp_name, f);
+        PyFile_WriteString(" found\n", f);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    Py_INCREF(value);
+    fflush(stdout);
+    type = (PyObject *) Py_TYPE(value);
+    tb = PyException_GetTraceback(value);
+    if (tb && tb != Py_None)
+        err = PyTraceBack_Print(tb, f);
+    if (err == 0 &&
+        _PyObject_HasAttrId(value, &PyId_print_file_and_line))
+    {
+        PyObject *message;
+        const char *filename, *text;
+        int lineno, offset;
+        if (!parse_syntax_error(value, &message, &filename,
+                                &lineno, &offset, &text))
+            PyErr_Clear();
+        else {
+            char buf[10];
+            PyFile_WriteString("  File \"", f);
+            if (filename == NULL)
+                PyFile_WriteString("<string>", f);
+            else
+                PyFile_WriteString(filename, f);
+            PyFile_WriteString("\", line ", f);
+            PyOS_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", lineno);
+            PyFile_WriteString(buf, f);
+            PyFile_WriteString("\n", f);
+            if (text != NULL)
+                print_error_text(f, offset, text);
+            Py_DECREF(value);
+            value = message;
+            /* Can't be bothered to check all those
+               PyFile_WriteString() calls */
+            if (PyErr_Occurred())
+                err = -1;
+        }
+    }
+    if (err) {
+        /* Don't do anything else */
+    }
+    else {
+        PyObject* moduleName;
+        char* className;
+        _Py_IDENTIFIER(__module__);
+        assert(PyExceptionClass_Check(type));
+        className = PyExceptionClass_Name(type);
+        if (className != NULL) {
+            char *dot = strrchr(className, '.');
+            if (dot != NULL)
+                className = dot+1;
+        }
+
+        moduleName = _PyObject_GetAttrId(type, &PyId___module__);
+        if (moduleName == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(moduleName))
+        {
+            Py_XDECREF(moduleName);
+            err = PyFile_WriteString("<unknown>", f);
+        }
+        else {
+            char* modstr = _PyUnicode_AsString(moduleName);
+            if (modstr && strcmp(modstr, "builtins"))
+            {
+                err = PyFile_WriteString(modstr, f);
+                err += PyFile_WriteString(".", f);
+            }
+            Py_DECREF(moduleName);
+        }
+        if (err == 0) {
+            if (className == NULL)
+                      err = PyFile_WriteString("<unknown>", f);
+            else
+                      err = PyFile_WriteString(className, f);
+        }
+    }
+    if (err == 0 && (value != Py_None)) {
+        PyObject *s = PyObject_Str(value);
+        /* only print colon if the str() of the
+           object is not the empty string
+        */
+        if (s == NULL)
+            err = -1;
+        else if (!PyUnicode_Check(s) ||
+            PyUnicode_GetLength(s) != 0)
+            err = PyFile_WriteString(": ", f);
+        if (err == 0)
+          err = PyFile_WriteObject(s, f, Py_PRINT_RAW);
+        Py_XDECREF(s);
+    }
+    /* try to write a newline in any case */
+    err += PyFile_WriteString("\n", f);
+    Py_XDECREF(tb);
+    Py_DECREF(value);
+    /* If an error happened here, don't show it.
+       XXX This is wrong, but too many callers rely on this behavior. */
+    if (err != 0)
+        PyErr_Clear();
+}
+
+static const char *cause_message =
+    "\nThe above exception was the direct cause "
+    "of the following exception:\n\n";
+
+static const char *context_message =
+    "\nDuring handling of the above exception, "
+    "another exception occurred:\n\n";
+
+static void
+print_exception_recursive(PyObject *f, PyObject *value, PyObject *seen)
+{
+    int err = 0, res;
+    PyObject *cause, *context;
+
+    if (seen != NULL) {
+        /* Exception chaining */
+        if (PySet_Add(seen, value) == -1)
+            PyErr_Clear();
+        else if (PyExceptionInstance_Check(value)) {
+            cause = PyException_GetCause(value);
+            context = PyException_GetContext(value);
+            if (cause) {
+                res = PySet_Contains(seen, cause);
+                if (res == -1)
+                    PyErr_Clear();
+                if (res == 0) {
+                    print_exception_recursive(
+                        f, cause, seen);
+                    err |= PyFile_WriteString(
+                        cause_message, f);
+                }
+            }
+            else if (context) {
+                res = PySet_Contains(seen, context);
+                if (res == -1)
+                    PyErr_Clear();
+                if (res == 0) {
+                    print_exception_recursive(
+                        f, context, seen);
+                    err |= PyFile_WriteString(
+                        context_message, f);
+                }
+            }
+            Py_XDECREF(context);
+            Py_XDECREF(cause);
+        }
+    }
+    print_exception(f, value);
+    if (err != 0)
+        PyErr_Clear();
+}
+
+void
+PyErr_Display(PyObject *exception, PyObject *value, PyObject *tb)
+{
+    PyObject *seen;
+    PyObject *f = PySys_GetObject("stderr");
+    if (f == Py_None) {
+        /* pass */
+    }
+    else if (f == NULL) {
+        _PyObject_Dump(value);
+        fprintf(stderr, "lost sys.stderr\n");
+    }
+    else {
+        /* We choose to ignore seen being possibly NULL, and report
+           at least the main exception (it could be a MemoryError).
+        */
+        seen = PySet_New(NULL);
+        if (seen == NULL)
+            PyErr_Clear();
+        print_exception_recursive(f, value, seen);
+        Py_XDECREF(seen);
+    }
+}
+
+PyObject *
+PyRun_StringFlags(const char *str, int start, PyObject *globals,
+                  PyObject *locals, PyCompilerFlags *flags)
+{
+    PyObject *ret = NULL;
+    mod_ty mod;
+    PyArena *arena = PyArena_New();
+    if (arena == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    mod = PyParser_ASTFromString(str, "<string>", start, flags, arena);
+    if (mod != NULL)
+        ret = run_mod(mod, "<string>", globals, locals, flags, arena);
+    PyArena_Free(arena);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+PyObject *
+PyRun_FileExFlags(FILE *fp, const char *filename, int start, PyObject *globals,
+                  PyObject *locals, int closeit, PyCompilerFlags *flags)
+{
+    PyObject *ret;
+    mod_ty mod;
+    PyArena *arena = PyArena_New();
+    if (arena == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    mod = PyParser_ASTFromFile(fp, filename, NULL, start, 0, 0,
+                               flags, NULL, arena);
+    if (closeit)
+        fclose(fp);
+    if (mod == NULL) {
+        PyArena_Free(arena);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    ret = run_mod(mod, filename, globals, locals, flags, arena);
+    PyArena_Free(arena);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static void
+flush_io(void)
+{
+    PyObject *f, *r;
+    PyObject *type, *value, *traceback;
+    _Py_IDENTIFIER(flush);
+
+    /* Save the current exception */
+    PyErr_Fetch(&type, &value, &traceback);
+
+    f = PySys_GetObject("stderr");
+    if (f != NULL) {
+        r = _PyObject_CallMethodId(f, &PyId_flush, "");
+        if (r)
+            Py_DECREF(r);
+        else
+            PyErr_Clear();
+    }
+    f = PySys_GetObject("stdout");
+    if (f != NULL) {
+        r = _PyObject_CallMethodId(f, &PyId_flush, "");
+        if (r)
+            Py_DECREF(r);
+        else
+            PyErr_Clear();
+    }
+
+    PyErr_Restore(type, value, traceback);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+run_mod(mod_ty mod, const char *filename, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals,
+         PyCompilerFlags *flags, PyArena *arena)
+{
+    PyCodeObject *co;
+    PyObject *v;
+    co = PyAST_Compile(mod, filename, flags, arena);
+    if (co == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+    v = PyEval_EvalCode((PyObject*)co, globals, locals);
+    Py_DECREF(co);
+    return v;
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+run_pyc_file(FILE *fp, const char *filename, PyObject *globals,
+             PyObject *locals, PyCompilerFlags *flags)
+{
+    PyCodeObject *co;
+    PyObject *v;
+    long magic;
+    long PyImport_GetMagicNumber(void);
+
+    magic = PyMarshal_ReadLongFromFile(fp);
+    if (magic != PyImport_GetMagicNumber()) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                   "Bad magic number in .pyc file");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    (void) PyMarshal_ReadLongFromFile(fp);
+    v = PyMarshal_ReadLastObjectFromFile(fp);
+    fclose(fp);
+    if (v == NULL || !PyCode_Check(v)) {
+        Py_XDECREF(v);
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                   "Bad code object in .pyc file");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    co = (PyCodeObject *)v;
+    v = PyEval_EvalCode((PyObject*)co, globals, locals);
+    if (v && flags)
+        flags->cf_flags |= (co->co_flags & PyCF_MASK);
+    Py_DECREF(co);
+    return v;
+}
+
+PyObject *
+Py_CompileStringExFlags(const char *str, const char *filename, int start,
+                        PyCompilerFlags *flags, int optimize)
+{
+    PyCodeObject *co;
+    mod_ty mod;
+    PyArena *arena = PyArena_New();
+    if (arena == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    mod = PyParser_ASTFromString(str, filename, start, flags, arena);
+    if (mod == NULL) {
+        PyArena_Free(arena);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (flags && (flags->cf_flags & PyCF_ONLY_AST)) {
+        PyObject *result = PyAST_mod2obj(mod);
+        PyArena_Free(arena);
+        return result;
+    }
+    co = PyAST_CompileEx(mod, filename, flags, optimize, arena);
+    PyArena_Free(arena);
+    return (PyObject *)co;
+}
+
+/* For use in Py_LIMITED_API */
+#undef Py_CompileString
+PyObject *
+PyCompileString(const char *str, const char *filename, int start)
+{
+    return Py_CompileStringFlags(str, filename, start, NULL);
+}
+
+struct symtable *
+Py_SymtableString(const char *str, const char *filename, int start)
+{
+    struct symtable *st;
+    mod_ty mod;
+    PyCompilerFlags flags;
+    PyArena *arena = PyArena_New();
+    if (arena == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    flags.cf_flags = 0;
+    mod = PyParser_ASTFromString(str, filename, start, &flags, arena);
+    if (mod == NULL) {
+        PyArena_Free(arena);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    st = PySymtable_Build(mod, filename, 0);
+    PyArena_Free(arena);
+    return st;
+}
+
+/* Preferred access to parser is through AST. */
+mod_ty
+PyParser_ASTFromString(const char *s, const char *filename, int start,
+                       PyCompilerFlags *flags, PyArena *arena)
+{
+    mod_ty mod;
+    PyCompilerFlags localflags;
+    perrdetail err;
+    int iflags = PARSER_FLAGS(flags);
+
+    node *n = PyParser_ParseStringFlagsFilenameEx(s, filename,
+                                    &_PyParser_Grammar, start, &err,
+                                    &iflags);
+    if (flags == NULL) {
+        localflags.cf_flags = 0;
+        flags = &localflags;
+    }
+    if (n) {
+        flags->cf_flags |= iflags & PyCF_MASK;
+        mod = PyAST_FromNode(n, flags, filename, arena);
+        PyNode_Free(n);
+    }
+    else {
+        err_input(&err);
+        mod = NULL;
+    }
+    err_free(&err);
+    return mod;
+}
+
+mod_ty
+PyParser_ASTFromFile(FILE *fp, const char *filename, const char* enc,
+                     int start, char *ps1,
+                     char *ps2, PyCompilerFlags *flags, int *errcode,
+                     PyArena *arena)
+{
+    mod_ty mod;
+    PyCompilerFlags localflags;
+    perrdetail err;
+    int iflags = PARSER_FLAGS(flags);
+
+    node *n = PyParser_ParseFileFlagsEx(fp, filename, enc,
+                                      &_PyParser_Grammar,
+                            start, ps1, ps2, &err, &iflags);
+    if (flags == NULL) {
+        localflags.cf_flags = 0;
+        flags = &localflags;
+    }
+    if (n) {
+        flags->cf_flags |= iflags & PyCF_MASK;
+        mod = PyAST_FromNode(n, flags, filename, arena);
+        PyNode_Free(n);
+    }
+    else {
+        err_input(&err);
+        if (errcode)
+            *errcode = err.error;
+        mod = NULL;
+    }
+    err_free(&err);
+    return mod;
+}
+
+/* Simplified interface to parsefile -- return node or set exception */
+
+node *
+PyParser_SimpleParseFileFlags(FILE *fp, const char *filename, int start, int flags)
+{
+    perrdetail err;
+    node *n = PyParser_ParseFileFlags(fp, filename, NULL,
+                                      &_PyParser_Grammar,
+                                      start, NULL, NULL, &err, flags);
+    if (n == NULL)
+        err_input(&err);
+    err_free(&err);
+
+    return n;
+}
+
+/* Simplified interface to parsestring -- return node or set exception */
+
+node *
+PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlags(const char *str, int start, int flags)
+{
+    perrdetail err;
+    node *n = PyParser_ParseStringFlags(str, &_PyParser_Grammar,
+                                        start, &err, flags);
+    if (n == NULL)
+        err_input(&err);
+    err_free(&err);
+    return n;
+}
+
+node *
+PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename(const char *str, const char *filename,
+                                        int start, int flags)
+{
+    perrdetail err;
+    node *n = PyParser_ParseStringFlagsFilename(str, filename,
+                            &_PyParser_Grammar, start, &err, flags);
+    if (n == NULL)
+        err_input(&err);
+    err_free(&err);
+    return n;
+}
+
+node *
+PyParser_SimpleParseStringFilename(const char *str, const char *filename, int start)
+{
+    return PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename(str, filename, start, 0);
+}
+
+/* May want to move a more generalized form of this to parsetok.c or
+   even parser modules. */
+
+void
+PyParser_ClearError(perrdetail *err)
+{
+    err_free(err);
+}
+
+void
+PyParser_SetError(perrdetail *err)
+{
+    err_input(err);
+}
+
+static void
+err_free(perrdetail *err)
+{
+    Py_CLEAR(err->filename);
+}
+
+/* Set the error appropriate to the given input error code (see errcode.h) */
+
+static void
+err_input(perrdetail *err)
+{
+    PyObject *v, *w, *errtype, *errtext;
+    PyObject *msg_obj = NULL;
+    char *msg = NULL;
+
+    errtype = PyExc_SyntaxError;
+    switch (err->error) {
+    case E_ERROR:
+        return;
+    case E_SYNTAX:
+        errtype = PyExc_IndentationError;
+        if (err->expected == INDENT)
+            msg = "expected an indented block";
+        else if (err->token == INDENT)
+            msg = "unexpected indent";
+        else if (err->token == DEDENT)
+            msg = "unexpected unindent";
+        else {
+            errtype = PyExc_SyntaxError;
+            msg = "invalid syntax";
+        }
+        break;
+    case E_TOKEN:
+        msg = "invalid token";
+        break;
+    case E_EOFS:
+        msg = "EOF while scanning triple-quoted string literal";
+        break;
+    case E_EOLS:
+        msg = "EOL while scanning string literal";
+        break;
+    case E_INTR:
+        if (!PyErr_Occurred())
+            PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_KeyboardInterrupt);
+        goto cleanup;
+    case E_NOMEM:
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        goto cleanup;
+    case E_EOF:
+        msg = "unexpected EOF while parsing";
+        break;
+    case E_TABSPACE:
+        errtype = PyExc_TabError;
+        msg = "inconsistent use of tabs and spaces in indentation";
+        break;
+    case E_OVERFLOW:
+        msg = "expression too long";
+        break;
+    case E_DEDENT:
+        errtype = PyExc_IndentationError;
+        msg = "unindent does not match any outer indentation level";
+        break;
+    case E_TOODEEP:
+        errtype = PyExc_IndentationError;
+        msg = "too many levels of indentation";
+        break;
+    case E_DECODE: {
+        PyObject *type, *value, *tb;
+        PyErr_Fetch(&type, &value, &tb);
+        msg = "unknown decode error";
+        if (value != NULL)
+            msg_obj = PyObject_Str(value);
+        Py_XDECREF(type);
+        Py_XDECREF(value);
+        Py_XDECREF(tb);
+        break;
+    }
+    case E_LINECONT:
+        msg = "unexpected character after line continuation character";
+        break;
+
+    case E_IDENTIFIER:
+        msg = "invalid character in identifier";
+        break;
+    default:
+        fprintf(stderr, "error=%d\n", err->error);
+        msg = "unknown parsing error";
+        break;
+    }
+    /* err->text may not be UTF-8 in case of decoding errors.
+       Explicitly convert to an object. */
+    if (!err->text) {
+        errtext = Py_None;
+        Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+    } else {
+        errtext = PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(err->text, strlen(err->text),
+                                       "replace");
+    }
+    v = Py_BuildValue("(OiiN)", err->filename,
+                      err->lineno, err->offset, errtext);
+    if (v != NULL) {
+        if (msg_obj)
+            w = Py_BuildValue("(OO)", msg_obj, v);
+        else
+            w = Py_BuildValue("(sO)", msg, v);
+    } else
+        w = NULL;
+    Py_XDECREF(v);
+    PyErr_SetObject(errtype, w);
+    Py_XDECREF(w);
+cleanup:
+    Py_XDECREF(msg_obj);
+    if (err->text != NULL) {
+        PyObject_FREE(err->text);
+        err->text = NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Print fatal error message and abort */
+
+void
+Py_FatalError(const char *msg)
+{
+    const int fd = fileno(stderr);
+    PyThreadState *tstate;
+
+    fprintf(stderr, "Fatal Python error: %s\n", msg);
+    fflush(stderr); /* it helps in Windows debug build */
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        PyErr_PrintEx(0);
+    }
+    else {
+        tstate = _Py_atomic_load_relaxed(&_PyThreadState_Current);
+        if (tstate != NULL) {
+            fputc('\n', stderr);
+            fflush(stderr);
+            _Py_DumpTracebackThreads(fd, tstate->interp, tstate);
+        }
+        _PyFaulthandler_Fini();
+    }
+
+    abort();
+}
+
+/* Clean up and exit */
+
+#ifdef WITH_THREAD
+#include "pythread.h"
+#endif
+
+static void (*pyexitfunc)(void) = NULL;
+/* For the atexit module. */
+void _Py_PyAtExit(void (*func)(void))
+{
+    pyexitfunc = func;
+}
+
+static void
+call_py_exitfuncs(void)
+{
+    if (pyexitfunc == NULL)
+        return;
+
+    (*pyexitfunc)();
+    PyErr_Clear();
+}
+
+/* Wait until threading._shutdown completes, provided
+   the threading module was imported in the first place.
+   The shutdown routine will wait until all non-daemon
+   "threading" threads have completed. */
+static void
+wait_for_thread_shutdown(void)
+{
+#ifdef WITH_THREAD
+    _Py_IDENTIFIER(_shutdown);
+    PyObject *result;
+    PyThreadState *tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
+    PyObject *threading = PyMapping_GetItemString(tstate->interp->modules,
+                                                  "threading");
+    if (threading == NULL) {
+        /* threading not imported */
+        PyErr_Clear();
+        return;
+    }
+    result = _PyObject_CallMethodId(threading, &PyId__shutdown, "");
+    if (result == NULL) {
+        PyErr_WriteUnraisable(threading);
+    }
+    else {
+        Py_DECREF(result);
+    }
+    Py_DECREF(threading);
+#endif
+}
+
+#define NEXITFUNCS 32
+static void (*exitfuncs[NEXITFUNCS])(void);
+static int nexitfuncs = 0;
+
+int Py_AtExit(void (*func)(void))
+{
+    if (nexitfuncs >= NEXITFUNCS)
+        return -1;
+    exitfuncs[nexitfuncs++] = func;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+call_ll_exitfuncs(void)
+{
+    while (nexitfuncs > 0)
+        (*exitfuncs[--nexitfuncs])();
+
+    fflush(stdout);
+    fflush(stderr);
+}
+
+void
+Py_Exit(int sts)
+{
+    Py_Finalize();
+
+    exit(sts);
+}
+
+static void
+initsigs(void)
+{
+#ifdef SIGPIPE
+    PyOS_setsig(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+#endif
+#ifdef SIGXFZ
+    PyOS_setsig(SIGXFZ, SIG_IGN);
+#endif
+#ifdef SIGXFSZ
+    PyOS_setsig(SIGXFSZ, SIG_IGN);
+#endif
+    PyOS_InitInterrupts(); /* May imply initsignal() */
+}
+
+
+/* Restore signals that the interpreter has called SIG_IGN on to SIG_DFL.
+ *
+ * All of the code in this function must only use async-signal-safe functions,
+ * listed at `man 7 signal` or
+ * http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/xsh_chap02_04.html.
+ */
+void
+_Py_RestoreSignals(void)
+{
+#ifdef SIGPIPE
+    PyOS_setsig(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
+#endif
+#ifdef SIGXFZ
+    PyOS_setsig(SIGXFZ, SIG_DFL);
+#endif
+#ifdef SIGXFSZ
+    PyOS_setsig(SIGXFSZ, SIG_DFL);
+#endif
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * The file descriptor fd is considered ``interactive'' if either
+ *   a) isatty(fd) is TRUE, or
+ *   b) the -i flag was given, and the filename associated with
+ *      the descriptor is NULL or "<stdin>" or "???".
+ */
+int
+Py_FdIsInteractive(FILE *fp, const char *filename)
+{
+    if (isatty((int)fileno(fp)))
+        return 1;
+    if (!Py_InteractiveFlag)
+        return 0;
+    return (filename == NULL) ||
+           (strcmp(filename, "<stdin>") == 0) ||
+           (strcmp(filename, "???") == 0);
+}
+
+/* Wrappers around sigaction() or signal(). */
+
+PyOS_sighandler_t
+PyOS_getsig(int sig)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_SIGACTION
+    struct sigaction context;
+    if (sigaction(sig, NULL, &context) == -1)
+        return SIG_ERR;
+    return context.sa_handler;
+#else
+    PyOS_sighandler_t handler;
+    handler = signal(sig, SIG_IGN);
+    if (handler != SIG_ERR)
+        signal(sig, handler);
+    return handler;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * All of the code in this function must only use async-signal-safe functions,
+ * listed at `man 7 signal` or
+ * http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/xsh_chap02_04.html.
+ */
+PyOS_sighandler_t
+PyOS_setsig(int sig, PyOS_sighandler_t handler)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_SIGACTION
+    /* Some code in Modules/signalmodule.c depends on sigaction() being
+     * used here if HAVE_SIGACTION is defined.  Fix that if this code
+     * changes to invalidate that assumption.
+     */
+    struct sigaction context, ocontext;
+    context.sa_handler = handler;
+    sigemptyset(&context.sa_mask);
+    context.sa_flags = 0;
+    if (sigaction(sig, &context, &ocontext) == -1)
+        return SIG_ERR;
+    return ocontext.sa_handler;
+#else
+    PyOS_sighandler_t oldhandler;
+    oldhandler = signal(sig, handler);
+#ifdef HAVE_SIGINTERRUPT
+    siginterrupt(sig, 1);
+#endif
+    return oldhandler;
+#endif
+}
+