Mercurial > ift6266
annotate baseline/mlp/mlp_nist.py @ 187:c03692aa6158
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author | fsavard |
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date | Mon, 01 Mar 2010 11:45:59 -0500 |
parents | d37c944133c3 |
children | e390b0454515 |
rev | line source |
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110 | 1 """ |
2 This tutorial introduces the multilayer perceptron using Theano. | |
3 | |
4 A multilayer perceptron is a logistic regressor where | |
5 instead of feeding the input to the logistic regression you insert a | |
6 intermidiate layer, called the hidden layer, that has a nonlinear | |
7 activation function (usually tanh or sigmoid) . One can use many such | |
8 hidden layers making the architecture deep. The tutorial will also tackle | |
9 the problem of MNIST digit classification. | |
10 | |
11 .. math:: | |
12 | |
13 f(x) = G( b^{(2)} + W^{(2)}( s( b^{(1)} + W^{(1)} x))), | |
14 | |
15 References: | |
16 | |
17 - textbooks: "Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning" - | |
18 Christopher M. Bishop, section 5 | |
19 | |
20 TODO: recommended preprocessing, lr ranges, regularization ranges (explain | |
21 to do lr first, then add regularization) | |
22 | |
23 """ | |
24 __docformat__ = 'restructedtext en' | |
25 | |
26 import pdb | |
27 import numpy | |
28 import pylab | |
29 import theano | |
30 import theano.tensor as T | |
31 import time | |
32 import theano.tensor.nnet | |
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33 import pylearn |
110 | 34 from pylearn.io import filetensor as ft |
35 | |
36 data_path = '/data/lisa/data/nist/by_class/' | |
37 | |
38 class MLP(object): | |
39 """Multi-Layer Perceptron Class | |
40 | |
41 A multilayer perceptron is a feedforward artificial neural network model | |
42 that has one layer or more of hidden units and nonlinear activations. | |
43 Intermidiate layers usually have as activation function thanh or the | |
44 sigmoid function while the top layer is a softamx layer. | |
45 """ | |
46 | |
47 | |
48 | |
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49 def __init__(self, input, n_in, n_hidden, n_out,learning_rate): |
110 | 50 """Initialize the parameters for the multilayer perceptron |
51 | |
52 :param input: symbolic variable that describes the input of the | |
53 architecture (one minibatch) | |
54 | |
55 :param n_in: number of input units, the dimension of the space in | |
56 which the datapoints lie | |
57 | |
58 :param n_hidden: number of hidden units | |
59 | |
60 :param n_out: number of output units, the dimension of the space in | |
61 which the labels lie | |
62 | |
63 """ | |
64 | |
65 # initialize the parameters theta = (W1,b1,W2,b2) ; note that this | |
66 # example contains only one hidden layer, but one can have as many | |
67 # layers as he/she wishes, making the network deeper. The only | |
68 # problem making the network deep this way is during learning, | |
69 # backpropagation being unable to move the network from the starting | |
70 # point towards; this is where pre-training helps, giving a good | |
71 # starting point for backpropagation, but more about this in the | |
72 # other tutorials | |
73 | |
74 # `W1` is initialized with `W1_values` which is uniformely sampled | |
75 # from -6./sqrt(n_in+n_hidden) and 6./sqrt(n_in+n_hidden) | |
76 # the output of uniform if converted using asarray to dtype | |
77 # theano.config.floatX so that the code is runable on GPU | |
78 W1_values = numpy.asarray( numpy.random.uniform( \ | |
79 low = -numpy.sqrt(6./(n_in+n_hidden)), \ | |
80 high = numpy.sqrt(6./(n_in+n_hidden)), \ | |
81 size = (n_in, n_hidden)), dtype = theano.config.floatX) | |
82 # `W2` is initialized with `W2_values` which is uniformely sampled | |
83 # from -6./sqrt(n_hidden+n_out) and 6./sqrt(n_hidden+n_out) | |
84 # the output of uniform if converted using asarray to dtype | |
85 # theano.config.floatX so that the code is runable on GPU | |
86 W2_values = numpy.asarray( numpy.random.uniform( | |
87 low = -numpy.sqrt(6./(n_hidden+n_out)), \ | |
88 high= numpy.sqrt(6./(n_hidden+n_out)),\ | |
89 size= (n_hidden, n_out)), dtype = theano.config.floatX) | |
90 | |
91 self.W1 = theano.shared( value = W1_values ) | |
92 self.b1 = theano.shared( value = numpy.zeros((n_hidden,), | |
93 dtype= theano.config.floatX)) | |
94 self.W2 = theano.shared( value = W2_values ) | |
95 self.b2 = theano.shared( value = numpy.zeros((n_out,), | |
96 dtype= theano.config.floatX)) | |
97 | |
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98 #include the learning rate in the classifer so |
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99 #we can modify it on the fly when we want |
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100 lr_value=learning_rate |
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101 self.lr=theano.shared(value=lr_value) |
110 | 102 # symbolic expression computing the values of the hidden layer |
103 self.hidden = T.tanh(T.dot(input, self.W1)+ self.b1) | |
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104 |
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105 |
110 | 106 |
107 # symbolic expression computing the values of the top layer | |
108 self.p_y_given_x= T.nnet.softmax(T.dot(self.hidden, self.W2)+self.b2) | |
109 | |
110 # compute prediction as class whose probability is maximal in | |
111 # symbolic form | |
112 self.y_pred = T.argmax( self.p_y_given_x, axis =1) | |
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113 self.y_pred_num = T.argmax( self.p_y_given_x[0:9], axis =1) |
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114 |
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115 |
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116 |
110 | 117 |
118 # L1 norm ; one regularization option is to enforce L1 norm to | |
119 # be small | |
120 self.L1 = abs(self.W1).sum() + abs(self.W2).sum() | |
121 | |
122 # square of L2 norm ; one regularization option is to enforce | |
123 # square of L2 norm to be small | |
124 self.L2_sqr = (self.W1**2).sum() + (self.W2**2).sum() | |
125 | |
126 | |
127 | |
128 def negative_log_likelihood(self, y): | |
129 """Return the mean of the negative log-likelihood of the prediction | |
130 of this model under a given target distribution. | |
131 | |
132 .. math:: | |
133 | |
134 \frac{1}{|\mathcal{D}|}\mathcal{L} (\theta=\{W,b\}, \mathcal{D}) = | |
135 \frac{1}{|\mathcal{D}|}\sum_{i=0}^{|\mathcal{D}|} \log(P(Y=y^{(i)}|x^{(i)}, W,b)) \\ | |
136 \ell (\theta=\{W,b\}, \mathcal{D}) | |
137 | |
138 | |
139 :param y: corresponds to a vector that gives for each example the | |
140 :correct label | |
141 """ | |
142 return -T.mean(T.log(self.p_y_given_x)[T.arange(y.shape[0]),y]) | |
143 | |
144 | |
145 | |
146 | |
147 def errors(self, y): | |
148 """Return a float representing the number of errors in the minibatch | |
149 over the total number of examples of the minibatch | |
150 """ | |
151 | |
152 # check if y has same dimension of y_pred | |
153 if y.ndim != self.y_pred.ndim: | |
154 raise TypeError('y should have the same shape as self.y_pred', | |
155 ('y', target.type, 'y_pred', self.y_pred.type)) | |
156 # check if y is of the correct datatype | |
157 if y.dtype.startswith('int'): | |
158 # the T.neq operator returns a vector of 0s and 1s, where 1 | |
159 # represents a mistake in prediction | |
160 return T.mean(T.neq(self.y_pred, y)) | |
161 else: | |
162 raise NotImplementedError() | |
163 | |
164 | |
165 def mlp_full_nist( verbose = False,\ | |
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166 adaptive_lr = 0,\ |
110 | 167 train_data = 'all/all_train_data.ft',\ |
168 train_labels = 'all/all_train_labels.ft',\ | |
169 test_data = 'all/all_test_data.ft',\ | |
170 test_labels = 'all/all_test_labels.ft',\ | |
171 learning_rate=0.01,\ | |
172 L1_reg = 0.00,\ | |
173 L2_reg = 0.0001,\ | |
174 nb_max_exemples=1000000,\ | |
175 batch_size=20,\ | |
176 nb_hidden = 500,\ | |
177 nb_targets = 62): | |
178 | |
179 | |
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180 configuration = [learning_rate,nb_max_exemples,nb_hidden,adaptive_lr] |
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181 |
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182 total_validation_error_list = [] |
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183 total_train_error_list = [] |
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184 learning_rate_list=[] |
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185 best_training_error=float('inf'); |
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186 |
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187 |
110 | 188 |
189 f = open(data_path+train_data) | |
190 g= open(data_path+train_labels) | |
191 h = open(data_path+test_data) | |
192 i= open(data_path+test_labels) | |
193 | |
194 raw_train_data = ft.read(f) | |
195 raw_train_labels = ft.read(g) | |
196 raw_test_data = ft.read(h) | |
197 raw_test_labels = ft.read(i) | |
198 | |
199 f.close() | |
200 g.close() | |
201 i.close() | |
202 h.close() | |
203 #create a validation set the same size as the test size | |
204 #use the end of the training array for this purpose | |
205 #discard the last remaining so we get a %batch_size number | |
206 test_size=len(raw_test_labels) | |
207 test_size = int(test_size/batch_size) | |
208 test_size*=batch_size | |
209 train_size = len(raw_train_data) | |
210 train_size = int(train_size/batch_size) | |
211 train_size*=batch_size | |
212 validation_size =test_size | |
213 offset = train_size-test_size | |
214 if verbose == True: | |
215 print 'train size = %d' %train_size | |
216 print 'test size = %d' %test_size | |
217 print 'valid size = %d' %validation_size | |
218 print 'offset = %d' %offset | |
219 | |
220 | |
221 train_set = (raw_train_data,raw_train_labels) | |
222 train_batches = [] | |
223 for i in xrange(0, train_size-test_size, batch_size): | |
224 train_batches = train_batches + \ | |
225 [(raw_train_data[i:i+batch_size], raw_train_labels[i:i+batch_size])] | |
226 | |
227 test_batches = [] | |
228 for i in xrange(0, test_size, batch_size): | |
229 test_batches = test_batches + \ | |
230 [(raw_test_data[i:i+batch_size], raw_test_labels[i:i+batch_size])] | |
231 | |
232 validation_batches = [] | |
233 for i in xrange(0, test_size, batch_size): | |
234 validation_batches = validation_batches + \ | |
235 [(raw_train_data[offset+i:offset+i+batch_size], raw_train_labels[offset+i:offset+i+batch_size])] | |
236 | |
237 | |
238 ishape = (32,32) # this is the size of NIST images | |
239 | |
240 # allocate symbolic variables for the data | |
241 x = T.fmatrix() # the data is presented as rasterized images | |
242 y = T.lvector() # the labels are presented as 1D vector of | |
243 # [long int] labels | |
244 | |
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245 if verbose==True: |
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246 print 'finished parsing the data' |
110 | 247 # construct the logistic regression class |
248 classifier = MLP( input=x.reshape((batch_size,32*32)),\ | |
249 n_in=32*32,\ | |
250 n_hidden=nb_hidden,\ | |
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251 n_out=nb_targets, |
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252 learning_rate=learning_rate) |
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253 |
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254 |
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255 |
110 | 256 |
257 # the cost we minimize during training is the negative log likelihood of | |
258 # the model plus the regularization terms (L1 and L2); cost is expressed | |
259 # here symbolically | |
260 cost = classifier.negative_log_likelihood(y) \ | |
261 + L1_reg * classifier.L1 \ | |
262 + L2_reg * classifier.L2_sqr | |
263 | |
264 # compiling a theano function that computes the mistakes that are made by | |
265 # the model on a minibatch | |
266 test_model = theano.function([x,y], classifier.errors(y)) | |
267 | |
268 # compute the gradient of cost with respect to theta = (W1, b1, W2, b2) | |
269 g_W1 = T.grad(cost, classifier.W1) | |
270 g_b1 = T.grad(cost, classifier.b1) | |
271 g_W2 = T.grad(cost, classifier.W2) | |
272 g_b2 = T.grad(cost, classifier.b2) | |
273 | |
274 # specify how to update the parameters of the model as a dictionary | |
275 updates = \ | |
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276 { classifier.W1: classifier.W1 - classifier.lr*g_W1 \ |
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277 , classifier.b1: classifier.b1 - classifier.lr*g_b1 \ |
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278 , classifier.W2: classifier.W2 - classifier.lr*g_W2 \ |
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279 , classifier.b2: classifier.b2 - classifier.lr*g_b2 } |
110 | 280 |
281 # compiling a theano function `train_model` that returns the cost, but in | |
282 # the same time updates the parameter of the model based on the rules | |
283 # defined in `updates` | |
284 train_model = theano.function([x, y], cost, updates = updates ) | |
285 n_minibatches = len(train_batches) | |
286 | |
287 | |
288 | |
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289 |
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290 |
110 | 291 |
292 #conditions for stopping the adaptation: | |
293 #1) we have reached nb_max_exemples (this is rounded up to be a multiple of the train size) | |
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294 #2) validation error is going up twice in a row(probable overfitting) |
110 | 295 |
296 # This means we no longer stop on slow convergence as low learning rates stopped | |
297 # too fast. | |
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298 |
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299 # no longer relevant |
110 | 300 patience =nb_max_exemples/batch_size |
301 patience_increase = 2 # wait this much longer when a new best is | |
302 # found | |
303 improvement_threshold = 0.995 # a relative improvement of this much is | |
304 # considered significant | |
305 validation_frequency = n_minibatches/4 | |
306 | |
307 | |
308 | |
309 | |
310 best_params = None | |
311 best_validation_loss = float('inf') | |
312 best_iter = 0 | |
313 test_score = 0. | |
314 start_time = time.clock() | |
315 n_iter = nb_max_exemples/batch_size # nb of max times we are allowed to run through all exemples | |
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316 n_iter = n_iter/n_minibatches + 1 #round up |
110 | 317 n_iter=max(1,n_iter) # run at least once on short debug call |
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318 |
110 | 319 |
320 if verbose == True: | |
321 print 'looping at most %d times through the data set' %n_iter | |
322 for iter in xrange(n_iter* n_minibatches): | |
323 | |
324 # get epoch and minibatch index | |
325 epoch = iter / n_minibatches | |
326 minibatch_index = iter % n_minibatches | |
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327 |
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328 |
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329 |
110 | 330 # get the minibatches corresponding to `iter` modulo |
331 # `len(train_batches)` | |
332 x,y = train_batches[ minibatch_index ] | |
333 # convert to float | |
334 x_float = x/255.0 | |
335 cost_ij = train_model(x_float,y) | |
336 | |
337 if (iter+1) % validation_frequency == 0: | |
338 # compute zero-one loss on validation set | |
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339 |
110 | 340 this_validation_loss = 0. |
341 for x,y in validation_batches: | |
342 # sum up the errors for each minibatch | |
343 x_float = x/255.0 | |
344 this_validation_loss += test_model(x_float,y) | |
345 # get the average by dividing with the number of minibatches | |
346 this_validation_loss /= len(validation_batches) | |
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347 #save the validation loss |
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348 total_validation_error_list.append(this_validation_loss) |
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349 |
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350 #get the training error rate |
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351 this_train_loss=0 |
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352 for x,y in train_batches: |
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353 # sum up the errors for each minibatch |
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354 x_float = x/255.0 |
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355 this_train_loss += test_model(x_float,y) |
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356 # get the average by dividing with the number of minibatches |
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357 this_train_loss /= len(train_batches) |
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358 #save the validation loss |
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359 total_train_error_list.append(this_train_loss) |
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360 if(this_train_loss<best_training_error): |
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361 best_training_error=this_train_loss |
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362 |
110 | 363 if verbose == True: |
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364 print('epoch %i, minibatch %i/%i, validation error %f, training error %f %%' % \ |
110 | 365 (epoch, minibatch_index+1, n_minibatches, \ |
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366 this_validation_loss*100.,this_train_loss*100)) |
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367 |
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368 |
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369 #save the learning rate |
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370 learning_rate_list.append(classifier.lr.value) |
110 | 371 |
372 | |
373 # if we got the best validation score until now | |
374 if this_validation_loss < best_validation_loss: | |
375 # save best validation score and iteration number | |
376 best_validation_loss = this_validation_loss | |
377 best_iter = iter | |
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378 # reset patience if we are going down again |
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379 # so we continue exploring |
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380 patience=nb_max_exemples/batch_size |
110 | 381 # test it on the test set |
382 test_score = 0. | |
383 for x,y in test_batches: | |
384 x_float=x/255.0 | |
385 test_score += test_model(x_float,y) | |
386 test_score /= len(test_batches) | |
387 if verbose == True: | |
388 print((' epoch %i, minibatch %i/%i, test error of best ' | |
389 'model %f %%') % | |
390 (epoch, minibatch_index+1, n_minibatches, | |
391 test_score*100.)) | |
392 | |
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393 # if the validation error is going up, we are overfitting (or oscillating) |
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394 # stop converging but run at least to next validation |
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395 # to check overfitting or ocsillation |
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396 # the saved weights of the model will be a bit off in that case |
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397 elif this_validation_loss >= best_validation_loss: |
110 | 398 #calculate the test error at this point and exit |
399 # test it on the test set | |
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400 # however, if adaptive_lr is true, try reducing the lr to |
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401 # get us out of an oscilliation |
145
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402 if adaptive_lr==1: |
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403 classifier.lr.value=classifier.lr.value/2.0 |
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404 |
110 | 405 test_score = 0. |
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406 #cap the patience so we are allowed one more validation error |
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407 #calculation before aborting |
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408 patience = iter+validation_frequency+1 |
110 | 409 for x,y in test_batches: |
410 x_float=x/255.0 | |
411 test_score += test_model(x_float,y) | |
412 test_score /= len(test_batches) | |
413 if verbose == True: | |
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414 print ' validation error is going up, possibly stopping soon' |
110 | 415 print((' epoch %i, minibatch %i/%i, test error of best ' |
416 'model %f %%') % | |
417 (epoch, minibatch_index+1, n_minibatches, | |
418 test_score*100.)) | |
419 | |
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420 |
110 | 421 |
422 | |
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423 if iter>patience: |
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424 print 'we have diverged' |
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425 break |
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426 |
110 | 427 |
428 end_time = time.clock() | |
429 if verbose == True: | |
430 print(('Optimization complete. Best validation score of %f %% ' | |
431 'obtained at iteration %i, with test performance %f %%') % | |
432 (best_validation_loss * 100., best_iter, test_score*100.)) | |
433 print ('The code ran for %f minutes' % ((end_time-start_time)/60.)) | |
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434 print iter |
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435 |
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436 #save the model and the weights |
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437 numpy.savez('model.npy', config=configuration, W1=classifier.W1.value,W2=classifier.W2.value, b1=classifier.b1.value,b2=classifier.b2.value) |
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438 numpy.savez('results.npy',config=configuration,total_train_error_list=total_train_error_list,total_validation_error_list=total_validation_error_list,\ |
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439 learning_rate_list=learning_rate_list) |
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440 |
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441 return (best_training_error*100.0,best_validation_loss * 100.,test_score*100.,best_iter*batch_size,(end_time-start_time)/60) |
110 | 442 |
443 | |
444 if __name__ == '__main__': | |
445 mlp_full_mnist() | |
446 | |
447 def jobman_mlp_full_nist(state,channel): | |
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448 (train_error,validation_error,test_error,nb_exemples,time)=mlp_full_nist(learning_rate=state.learning_rate,\ |
110 | 449 nb_max_exemples=state.nb_max_exemples,\ |
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450 nb_hidden=state.nb_hidden,\ |
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451 adaptive_lr=state.adaptive_lr) |
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452 state.train_error=train_error |
110 | 453 state.validation_error=validation_error |
454 state.test_error=test_error | |
455 state.nb_exemples=nb_exemples | |
456 state.time=time | |
457 return channel.COMPLETE | |
458 | |
459 |