Mercurial > ift6266

annotate baseline/mlp/mlp_nist.py @ 271:a92ec9939e4f

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fixed a problem with maxsize when not provided
author Yoshua Bengio <bengioy@iro.umontreal.ca>
date Sun, 21 Mar 2010 19:30:05 -0400
parents 9b6e0af062af
children 1e4bf5a5b46d
rev   line source
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1 """
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2 This tutorial introduces the multilayer perceptron using Theano.
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3
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4 A multilayer perceptron is a logistic regressor where
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5 instead of feeding the input to the logistic regression you insert a
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6 intermidiate layer, called the hidden layer, that has a nonlinear
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7 activation function (usually tanh or sigmoid) . One can use many such
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8 hidden layers making the architecture deep. The tutorial will also tackle
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9 the problem of MNIST digit classification.
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10
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11 .. math::
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12
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13 f(x) = G( b^{(2)} + W^{(2)}( s( b^{(1)} + W^{(1)} x))),
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14
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15 References:
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16
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17 - textbooks: "Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning" -
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18 Christopher M. Bishop, section 5
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19
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20 TODO: recommended preprocessing, lr ranges, regularization ranges (explain
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21 to do lr first, then add regularization)
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22
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23 """
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24 __docformat__ = 'restructedtext en'
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25
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26 import pdb
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27 import numpy
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28 import pylab
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29 import theano
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30 import theano.tensor as T
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31 import time
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32 import theano.tensor.nnet
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33 import pylearn
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34 import theano,pylearn.version
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35 from pylearn.io import filetensor as ft
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36
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37 data_path = '/data/lisa/data/nist/by_class/'
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38
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39 class MLP(object):
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40 """Multi-Layer Perceptron Class
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41
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42 A multilayer perceptron is a feedforward artificial neural network model
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43 that has one layer or more of hidden units and nonlinear activations.
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44 Intermidiate layers usually have as activation function thanh or the
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45 sigmoid function while the top layer is a softamx layer.
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46 """
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47
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48
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49
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50 def __init__(self, input, n_in, n_hidden, n_out,learning_rate):
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51 """Initialize the parameters for the multilayer perceptron
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52
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53 :param input: symbolic variable that describes the input of the
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54 architecture (one minibatch)
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55
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56 :param n_in: number of input units, the dimension of the space in
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57 which the datapoints lie
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58
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59 :param n_hidden: number of hidden units
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60
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61 :param n_out: number of output units, the dimension of the space in
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62 which the labels lie
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63
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64 """
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65
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66 # initialize the parameters theta = (W1,b1,W2,b2) ; note that this
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67 # example contains only one hidden layer, but one can have as many
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68 # layers as he/she wishes, making the network deeper. The only
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69 # problem making the network deep this way is during learning,
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70 # backpropagation being unable to move the network from the starting
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71 # point towards; this is where pre-training helps, giving a good
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72 # starting point for backpropagation, but more about this in the
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73 # other tutorials
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74
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75 # `W1` is initialized with `W1_values` which is uniformely sampled
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76 # from -6./sqrt(n_in+n_hidden) and 6./sqrt(n_in+n_hidden)
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77 # the output of uniform if converted using asarray to dtype
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78 # theano.config.floatX so that the code is runable on GPU
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79 W1_values = numpy.asarray( numpy.random.uniform( \
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80 low = -numpy.sqrt(6./(n_in+n_hidden)), \
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81 high = numpy.sqrt(6./(n_in+n_hidden)), \
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82 size = (n_in, n_hidden)), dtype = theano.config.floatX)
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83 # `W2` is initialized with `W2_values` which is uniformely sampled
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84 # from -6./sqrt(n_hidden+n_out) and 6./sqrt(n_hidden+n_out)
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85 # the output of uniform if converted using asarray to dtype
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86 # theano.config.floatX so that the code is runable on GPU
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87 W2_values = numpy.asarray( numpy.random.uniform(
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88 low = -numpy.sqrt(6./(n_hidden+n_out)), \
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89 high= numpy.sqrt(6./(n_hidden+n_out)),\
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90 size= (n_hidden, n_out)), dtype = theano.config.floatX)
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91
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92 self.W1 = theano.shared( value = W1_values )
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93 self.b1 = theano.shared( value = numpy.zeros((n_hidden,),
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94 dtype= theano.config.floatX))
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95 self.W2 = theano.shared( value = W2_values )
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96 self.b2 = theano.shared( value = numpy.zeros((n_out,),
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97 dtype= theano.config.floatX))
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98
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99 #include the learning rate in the classifer so
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100 #we can modify it on the fly when we want
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101 lr_value=learning_rate
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102 self.lr=theano.shared(value=lr_value)
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103 # symbolic expression computing the values of the hidden layer
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104 self.hidden = T.tanh(T.dot(input, self.W1)+ self.b1)
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106
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107
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108 # symbolic expression computing the values of the top layer
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109 self.p_y_given_x= T.nnet.softmax(T.dot(self.hidden, self.W2)+self.b2)
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110
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111 # compute prediction as class whose probability is maximal in
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112 # symbolic form
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113 self.y_pred = T.argmax( self.p_y_given_x, axis =1)
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114 self.y_pred_num = T.argmax( self.p_y_given_x[0:9], axis =1)
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115
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118
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119 # L1 norm ; one regularization option is to enforce L1 norm to
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120 # be small
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121 self.L1 = abs(self.W1).sum() + abs(self.W2).sum()
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122
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123 # square of L2 norm ; one regularization option is to enforce
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124 # square of L2 norm to be small
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125 self.L2_sqr = (self.W1**2).sum() + (self.W2**2).sum()
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126
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127
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128
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129 def negative_log_likelihood(self, y):
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130 """Return the mean of the negative log-likelihood of the prediction
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131 of this model under a given target distribution.
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132
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133 .. math::
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134
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135 \frac{1}{|\mathcal{D}|}\mathcal{L} (\theta=\{W,b\}, \mathcal{D}) =
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136 \frac{1}{|\mathcal{D}|}\sum_{i=0}^{|\mathcal{D}|} \log(P(Y=y^{(i)}|x^{(i)}, W,b)) \\
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137 \ell (\theta=\{W,b\}, \mathcal{D})
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138
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139
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140 :param y: corresponds to a vector that gives for each example the
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141 :correct label
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142 """
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143 return -T.mean(T.log(self.p_y_given_x)[T.arange(y.shape[0]),y])
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148 def errors(self, y):
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149 """Return a float representing the number of errors in the minibatch
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150 over the total number of examples of the minibatch
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151 """
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152
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153 # check if y has same dimension of y_pred
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154 if y.ndim != self.y_pred.ndim:
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155 raise TypeError('y should have the same shape as self.y_pred',
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156 ('y', target.type, 'y_pred', self.y_pred.type))
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157 # check if y is of the correct datatype
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158 if y.dtype.startswith('int'):
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159 # the T.neq operator returns a vector of 0s and 1s, where 1
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160 # represents a mistake in prediction
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161 return T.mean(T.neq(self.y_pred, y))
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162 else:
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163 raise NotImplementedError()
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164
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165
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166 def mlp_full_nist( verbose = False,\
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167 adaptive_lr = 0,\
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168 train_data = 'all/all_train_data.ft',\
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169 train_labels = 'all/all_train_labels.ft',\
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170 test_data = 'all/all_test_data.ft',\
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171 test_labels = 'all/all_test_labels.ft',\
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172 learning_rate=0.01,\
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173 L1_reg = 0.00,\
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174 L2_reg = 0.0001,\
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175 nb_max_exemples=1000000,\
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176 batch_size=20,\
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177 nb_hidden = 500,\
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178 nb_targets = 62,
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179 tau=1e6):
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180
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181
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182 configuration = [learning_rate,nb_max_exemples,nb_hidden,adaptive_lr]
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183
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184 #save initial learning rate if classical adaptive lr is used
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185 initial_lr=learning_rate
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186
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187 total_validation_error_list = []
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188 total_train_error_list = []
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189 learning_rate_list=[]
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190 best_training_error=float('inf');
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191
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192
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193
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194
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195 f = open(data_path+train_data)
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196 g= open(data_path+train_labels)
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197 h = open(data_path+test_data)
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198 i= open(data_path+test_labels)
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199
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200 raw_train_data = ft.read(f)
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201 raw_train_labels = ft.read(g)
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202 raw_test_data = ft.read(h)
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203 raw_test_labels = ft.read(i)
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204
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205 f.close()
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206 g.close()
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207 i.close()
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208 h.close()
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209 #create a validation set the same size as the test size
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210 #use the end of the training array for this purpose
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211 #discard the last remaining so we get a %batch_size number
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212 test_size=len(raw_test_labels)
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213 test_size = int(test_size/batch_size)
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214 test_size*=batch_size
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215 train_size = len(raw_train_data)
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216 train_size = int(train_size/batch_size)
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217 train_size*=batch_size
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218 validation_size =test_size
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219 offset = train_size-test_size
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220 if verbose == True:
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221 print 'train size = %d' %train_size
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222 print 'test size = %d' %test_size
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223 print 'valid size = %d' %validation_size
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224 print 'offset = %d' %offset
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225
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226
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227 train_set = (raw_train_data,raw_train_labels)
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228 train_batches = []
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229 for i in xrange(0, train_size-test_size, batch_size):
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230 train_batches = train_batches + \
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231 [(raw_train_data[i:i+batch_size], raw_train_labels[i:i+batch_size])]
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232
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233 test_batches = []
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234 for i in xrange(0, test_size, batch_size):
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235 test_batches = test_batches + \
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236 [(raw_test_data[i:i+batch_size], raw_test_labels[i:i+batch_size])]
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237
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238 validation_batches = []
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239 for i in xrange(0, test_size, batch_size):
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240 validation_batches = validation_batches + \
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241 [(raw_train_data[offset+i:offset+i+batch_size], raw_train_labels[offset+i:offset+i+batch_size])]
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242
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243
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244 ishape = (32,32) # this is the size of NIST images
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245
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246 # allocate symbolic variables for the data
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247 x = T.fmatrix() # the data is presented as rasterized images
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248 y = T.lvector() # the labels are presented as 1D vector of
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249 # [long int] labels
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250
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251 if verbose==True:
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252 print 'finished parsing the data'
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253 # construct the logistic regression class
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254 classifier = MLP( input=x.reshape((batch_size,32*32)),\
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255 n_in=32*32,\
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256 n_hidden=nb_hidden,\
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257 n_out=nb_targets,
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258 learning_rate=learning_rate)
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259
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260
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261
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262
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263 # the cost we minimize during training is the negative log likelihood of
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264 # the model plus the regularization terms (L1 and L2); cost is expressed
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265 # here symbolically
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266 cost = classifier.negative_log_likelihood(y) \
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267 + L1_reg * classifier.L1 \
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268 + L2_reg * classifier.L2_sqr
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269
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270 # compiling a theano function that computes the mistakes that are made by
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271 # the model on a minibatch
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272 test_model = theano.function([x,y], classifier.errors(y))
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273
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274 # compute the gradient of cost with respect to theta = (W1, b1, W2, b2)
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275 g_W1 = T.grad(cost, classifier.W1)
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276 g_b1 = T.grad(cost, classifier.b1)
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277 g_W2 = T.grad(cost, classifier.W2)
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278 g_b2 = T.grad(cost, classifier.b2)
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279
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280 # specify how to update the parameters of the model as a dictionary
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281 updates = \
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282 { classifier.W1: classifier.W1 - classifier.lr*g_W1 \
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283 , classifier.b1: classifier.b1 - classifier.lr*g_b1 \
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284 , classifier.W2: classifier.W2 - classifier.lr*g_W2 \
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285 , classifier.b2: classifier.b2 - classifier.lr*g_b2 }
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286
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287 # compiling a theano function `train_model` that returns the cost, but in
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288 # the same time updates the parameter of the model based on the rules
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289 # defined in `updates`
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290 train_model = theano.function([x, y], cost, updates = updates )
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291 n_minibatches = len(train_batches)
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292
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293
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294
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295
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296
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297
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298 #conditions for stopping the adaptation:
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299 #1) we have reached nb_max_exemples (this is rounded up to be a multiple of the train size)
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300 #2) validation error is going up twice in a row(probable overfitting)
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301
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302 # This means we no longer stop on slow convergence as low learning rates stopped
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303 # too fast.
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304
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305 # no longer relevant
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306 patience =nb_max_exemples/batch_size
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307 patience_increase = 2 # wait this much longer when a new best is
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308 # found
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309 improvement_threshold = 0.995 # a relative improvement of this much is
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310 # considered significant
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311 validation_frequency = n_minibatches/4
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312
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313
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314
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315
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316 best_params = None
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317 best_validation_loss = float('inf')
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318 best_iter = 0
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319 test_score = 0.
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320 start_time = time.clock()
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321 n_iter = nb_max_exemples/batch_size # nb of max times we are allowed to run through all exemples
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322 n_iter = n_iter/n_minibatches + 1 #round up
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323 n_iter=max(1,n_iter) # run at least once on short debug call
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324 time_n=0 #in unit of exemples
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325
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326
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327
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328 if verbose == True:
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329 print 'looping at most %d times through the data set' %n_iter
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330 for iter in xrange(n_iter* n_minibatches):
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331
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332 # get epoch and minibatch index
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333 epoch = iter / n_minibatches
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334 minibatch_index = iter % n_minibatches
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335
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336
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337 if adaptive_lr==2:
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338 classifier.lr.value = tau*initial_lr/(tau+time_n)
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339
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340
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341 # get the minibatches corresponding to `iter` modulo
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342 # `len(train_batches)`
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343 x,y = train_batches[ minibatch_index ]
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344 # convert to float
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345 x_float = x/255.0
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346 cost_ij = train_model(x_float,y)
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347
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348 if (iter+1) % validation_frequency == 0:
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349 # compute zero-one loss on validation set
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350
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351 this_validation_loss = 0.
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352 for x,y in validation_batches:
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353 # sum up the errors for each minibatch
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354 x_float = x/255.0
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355 this_validation_loss += test_model(x_float,y)
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356 # get the average by dividing with the number of minibatches
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357 this_validation_loss /= len(validation_batches)
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358 #save the validation loss
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359 total_validation_error_list.append(this_validation_loss)
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360
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361 #get the training error rate
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362 this_train_loss=0
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363 for x,y in train_batches:
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364 # sum up the errors for each minibatch
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365 x_float = x/255.0
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366 this_train_loss += test_model(x_float,y)
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367 # get the average by dividing with the number of minibatches
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368 this_train_loss /= len(train_batches)
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369 #save the validation loss
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370 total_train_error_list.append(this_train_loss)
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371 if(this_train_loss<best_training_error):
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372 best_training_error=this_train_loss
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373
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374 if verbose == True:
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375 print('epoch %i, minibatch %i/%i, validation error %f, training error %f %%' % \
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376 (epoch, minibatch_index+1, n_minibatches, \
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377 this_validation_loss*100.,this_train_loss*100))
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378 print 'learning rate = %f' %classifier.lr.value
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379 print 'time = %i' %time_n
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380
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381
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382 #save the learning rate
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383 learning_rate_list.append(classifier.lr.value)
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384
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385
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386 # if we got the best validation score until now
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387 if this_validation_loss < best_validation_loss:
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388 # save best validation score and iteration number
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389 best_validation_loss = this_validation_loss
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390 best_iter = iter
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391 # reset patience if we are going down again
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392 # so we continue exploring
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393 patience=nb_max_exemples/batch_size
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394 # test it on the test set
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395 test_score = 0.
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396 for x,y in test_batches:
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397 x_float=x/255.0
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398 test_score += test_model(x_float,y)
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399 test_score /= len(test_batches)
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400 if verbose == True:
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401 print((' epoch %i, minibatch %i/%i, test error of best '
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402 'model %f %%') %
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403 (epoch, minibatch_index+1, n_minibatches,
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404 test_score*100.))
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405
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406 # if the validation error is going up, we are overfitting (or oscillating)
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407 # stop converging but run at least to next validation
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408 # to check overfitting or ocsillation
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409 # the saved weights of the model will be a bit off in that case
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410 elif this_validation_loss >= best_validation_loss:
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411 #calculate the test error at this point and exit
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412 # test it on the test set
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413 # however, if adaptive_lr is true, try reducing the lr to
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414 # get us out of an oscilliation
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415 if adaptive_lr==1:
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416 classifier.lr.value=classifier.lr.value/2.0
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417
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418 test_score = 0.
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419 #cap the patience so we are allowed one more validation error
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420 #calculation before aborting
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421 patience = iter+validation_frequency+1
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422 for x,y in test_batches:
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423 x_float=x/255.0
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424 test_score += test_model(x_float,y)
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425 test_score /= len(test_batches)
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426 if verbose == True:
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427 print ' validation error is going up, possibly stopping soon'
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428 print((' epoch %i, minibatch %i/%i, test error of best '
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429 'model %f %%') %
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430 (epoch, minibatch_index+1, n_minibatches,
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431 test_score*100.))
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432
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433
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434
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435
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436 if iter>patience:
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437 print 'we have diverged'
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438 break
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439
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440
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441 time_n= time_n + batch_size
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442 end_time = time.clock()
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443 if verbose == True:
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444 print(('Optimization complete. Best validation score of %f %% '
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445 'obtained at iteration %i, with test performance %f %%') %
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446 (best_validation_loss * 100., best_iter, test_score*100.))
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447 print ('The code ran for %f minutes' % ((end_time-start_time)/60.))
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448 print iter
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449
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450 #save the model and the weights
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451 numpy.savez('model.npy', config=configuration, W1=classifier.W1.value,W2=classifier.W2.value, b1=classifier.b1.value,b2=classifier.b2.value)
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452 numpy.savez('results.npy',config=configuration,total_train_error_list=total_train_error_list,total_validation_error_list=total_validation_error_list,\
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453 learning_rate_list=learning_rate_list)
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454
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455 return (best_training_error*100.0,best_validation_loss * 100.,test_score*100.,best_iter*batch_size,(end_time-start_time)/60)
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456
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457
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458 if __name__ == '__main__':
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459 mlp_full_mnist()
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460
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461 def jobman_mlp_full_nist(state,channel):
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462 (train_error,validation_error,test_error,nb_exemples,time)=mlp_full_nist(learning_rate=state.learning_rate,\
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463 nb_max_exemples=state.nb_max_exemples,\
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464 nb_hidden=state.nb_hidden,\
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465 adaptive_lr=state.adaptive_lr,\
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466 tau=state.tau)
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467 state.train_error=train_error
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468 state.validation_error=validation_error
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469 state.test_error=test_error
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470 state.nb_exemples=nb_exemples
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471 state.time=time
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472 return channel.COMPLETE
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473
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474